Concurrencies of US23 with U.S. Highways in Georgia are US1 from Florida to north of Alma, US301 from Florida to the Folkston–Homeland city line, US82 in Waycross, US84 in Waycross, US221 Truck in Hazlehurst, US341 from Hazlehurst to Eastman, US129 Alternate (US129 Alt.) from north of Cochran to Macon, US80 from East Macon to Macon, US129 in Macon, US278 from Atlanta to Druid Hills, US29/US78 from Atlanta to Decatur, US129 in Gainesville, US441 from northwest of Cornelia to the North Carolina state line, and US76 in Clayton. Between Buford and Gainesville, it also has a concurrency with Interstate 985 (I-985).
US23 enters Georgia from Florida concurrent with US1/US301, also designated as SR4/SR15, on a bridge over the St. Marys River. In Folkston, the route intersects Main Street. North of there, SR23/SR121 joins this concurrency. In Homeland, US301/SR23 heads northeast at an interchange into the woods of northeastern Charlton County toward Nahunta, Jesup, Claxton, Statesboro, and Sylvania, while US23 continues to the northwest in the concurrency with US1/SR4/SR15/SR121. After Homeland, US1/US23/SR4/SR15/SR121 run through sparse communities such as Uptonville and then Mattox. Later, in Racepond, SR15/SR121 branch off to the northeast, while the US1/US23/SR4 concurrency remains running to the northwest and then crossing into Ware County, turning straight north somewhere in Dixon Memorial State Forest.
After a Georgia State Trooper Post, the routes enter Waycross. The road approaches US82/SR520 and then turns west onto a concurrency with these routes while US1 Bus./US23/SR4 Bus. continues northwest along Memorial Drive. US84/SR38 also joins this concurrency at McDonald Street. The concurrency ends at Victory Drive and the southwest corner is the site of Waycross College. West of the city limits, US82 becomes a divided highway as it takes US1/US23 from west to northwest as they cross SR122. The road starts to curve west, and, before reaching Waresboro, US1/US23 breaks away from US82 onto a bypass across from a local street named Fulford Road. Using a former segment of Fulford Road and later Scapa Road, the bypass winds through forestland and some farmland west of northern Deenwood and northwest of Waycross. The bypass ends at the northern end of US1 Bus./US23/SR4 Bus., then rejoins its former segment along Alma Highway to approach a series of bridges over Cox Creek and then over the Satilla River. After this, it passes through a small community called Dixie Union, where it intersects a local road named Telmore-Dixie Union Road to the west and Dixie Union Road to the east. North of Bickley Highway, the road curves to the northeast and winds around a former segment so that it can go over a pair of bridges over another railroad line. Right after the Ware–Bacon county line and then the intersection of Old Alma-Waycross Highway/Jamestown Road, the road runs over a pair of bridges over Little Hurricane Creek before the intersection with Plant Road where it curves from the northeast to the north-northwest.
The divided highway ends at Dogwood Avenue, replaced by a four-lane undivided highway with a center-left turn lane; it enters Alma after it passes by the Bacon County High School and Middle School. Immediately after the intersection with Radio Station Road, SR4 Alt. branches off to the northwest onto South Dixon Street, while the main road curves slightly to the northeast. Several blocks after this, the US1/US23/SR4 has a major intersection with SR32 (16th Street), and South Pierce Street becomes North Pierce Street. Among the structures along this segment, it passes by a former school converted into a welcome center, then curves to the northwest after Sixth Street. After passing through the preserved land around the Bear Branch of Hurricane Creek, the road encounters SR4 Alt. at North Dixon Street, replacing the straight north trajectory of the business route. US1/US23/SR4 turns from straight north to northeast where it leaves the Alma city limits as it crosses the Curtis Lee Marion Bridge over the Hurricane Creek, resuming its former name as Alma Highway, and it then curves straight north again to cross the Jauquion R. "Rab" Tanner Bridge over the Hurricane Creek Overflow and remains that way for the next 4.1 miles (6.6km).[1] After the road becomes a divided highway again north of a dirt road named Tadpole Trail, US23 splits off to the northwest onto SR19, while US1/SR4 continues northeasterly and crosses into Appling County. Alma Highway follows the US23/SR19 designation.
North from Bacon County
Throughout much of this segment, US23/SR19 has standard rural Georgia surroundings, with its mix of wooded areas, local farmland, and intersections with mostly dirt roads. These routes also cross the Bacon–Appling county line, and then the Appling–Jeff Davis county line. The routes return to the Jeff Davis County again where they later they cross a bridge over the Little Satilla Creek, and another bridge over the Big Satilla Creek before entering community of Satilla. No major intersections exist within this community, and very few other paved roads exist. Nearing Hazlehurst, Alma Highway continues into the southern terminus of US23 Bus./SR135 Conn., while US23/SR19 turns right onto Larry Contos Boulevard, taking part of US221 Truck/SR135 Truck with it. From there, it passes by a power plant on the west side. The route officially enters the Hazlehurst city limits between Currie Street and a railroad crossing. Larry Contos Boulevard ends at US341/SR27 (a divided four-lane highway Designated the Golden Isles Parkway), and US23/SR19 turns northwest along this route. The first notable site along this segment is the combined Hazlehurst Fire Department and the Hazlehurst— Jeff Davis County Chamber of Commerce building on the northeast corner of Oak Street. Two block later, it crosses another railroad line just east of Walnut Street. Two blocks after this, it intersects with northbound US221 and the north end of US23 Bus., and the truck routes for US221/SR135 officially comes to an end. US23/US341 and northbound US221 run for one block until the routes curve to the north at East Coffee (SR19 Conn.) and West Jamar streets, and northbound US221 finally joins the southbound road once again at North Tallahassee Street, while southbound US221 continues southbound along South Tallahassee Street.
The routes cross the Jeff Davis–Telfair county line by passing over the Dr. C. R. Youmans Memorial Bridge over the Ocmulgee River where it enters Lumber City. SR19 leaves the US23/US341/SR27 concurrency at Victory Boulevard. Shortly afterwards at Main Street, it has another intersection with the southeastern terminus of SR117, across from Burns Street. The routes then curve more towards the west as they cross the same railroad line that US23 encountered near the Hazlehurst border. Curving back to the northwest, it becomes a divided highway once again. Beyond that, it winds through farms and forestland of Georgia with few landmarks of any significance other than intersections with former SR134, and later SR149. West of SR149 is the Talmadge Home (also known as "Sugar Creek Plantation"), which is now a restaurant and catering hall. It also passes the Telfair County Elementary School, and then the broadcast home of WYSC and WYIS . The divided highway ends at a Husqvarna Group plant along the border of McRae where after the intersection with East Avenue, the route later splits onto a pair of one way streets. Though the northbound lanes are still considered part of the Golden Isles Parkway, street name signs still refer to it as Railroad Street, as they do to the local street on the opposite side of the railroad tracks. Though the historic Telfair County Courthouse and Jail can be seen from both northbound and southbound US23/US341, it is officially located only on the southbound street. The northbound street passes a former Southern Railway station across from an agricultural seed and feed store at the intersection of Second Street, which has a former grade crossing that was closed, and then intersects with US280/US319/US441. The one-way split ends between Fifth and Sixth avenues. US23/US341/SR27 crosses the former McRae–Helena border at a shopping center called the Telfair Plaza. A few blocks after this, it encounters a former Seaboard Air Line railroad crossing west of Forsyth Avenue. The divided highway resumes just west of the city limits.
After the intersection with Red Barn Road (Telfair County Route88, or CR88), US23/US341/SR27 crosses the Telfair–Dodge county line through Achord, where it curves more to the west. The road for which the community was named is a dirt road that only has access to the northwestern lanes. The first official median opening within the community is at Clarence Brown Road, for a local lumberyard. Little else exists northwest of there besides random private houses and churches. The divided highway briefly ends again as the routes enter Chauncey, where it has a short wrong-way concurrency with SR165, and becomes a divided highway once again at the Langdale Forest Products driveway. US23/US341/SR27 tries to curve more toward the north but still remains northwest as it eventually enters Eastman where US23 leaves US341 onto two-lane wide College Street, but has another concurrency with US341 Bus. and SR27 Bus. Here, the road passes an open-air flea market at the intersections of Pine Ridge Road and Industrial Boulevard, and then a local pond named Harrell Pond. After the routes shift from College Street to Oak Street, it gets a new concurrency with SR87/SR117 at Griffin Avenue, but shortly at SR46 (Fifth Avenue), SR117 leaves eastbound, while US341 Bus./SR27 Bus. leaves westbound. US23 and SR87 will continue to overlap each other throughout most of Central Georgia. North of a cemetery near the city limits, the name of the street changes from Oak Street to Eastman Cochran Highway but still remains two lanes wide from that point on, although construction is underway on widening the road to a four-lane highway (partially divided, partially with a center turn lane) between SR87 Conn. north of Eastman to the community of Empire at the Dodge–Bleckley county line. At Empire, the route intersects SR257 (including a brief wrong-way concurrency) and becomes a four-lane highway with a continuous center turn lane.
Cochran area through Macon
US23 continues to overlap SR87 and both routes have auxiliary routes that travel through Cochran. The business route in Cochran is two lanes wide, while the bypass route was widened in 2019 from two lanes to have four lanes and a center turn lane.[2] The northern terminus of US23 Bus./SR87 Bus. is also the beginning of the US129 Alt./SR112 concurrency. From that point, the center turn lane ends and the route becomes a four-lane undivided highway through the rest of the county and for the next 13 miles (21km). North of the Cochran area, in Royal, SR112 leaves to the northeast across from Coley Station Road. US23/US129 Alt./SR87 remains an undivided four-lane highway through the Twiggs County line to the intersection with SR96 in Tarversville, then narrows down to two lanes for the next 24 miles (39km). Within this vicinity, US23/US129 Alt./SR87 travels through communities such as Bullard, South Twiggs, Huber, and later Reids with no major intersections, especially as it travels through Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, and has occasional entrances to the refuge. After traveling between some antenna fields for some Macon-area television and FM radio stations, the highways pass one more entrance to the wildlife refuge before crossing the Twiggs–Bibb county line and widens to a three and then four-lane undivided highway. In Smithsonia, the highways use the name Ocmulgee East Boulevard, and then become a four-lane divided highway for the first interchange under I-16 west of old Camp Wheeler, then travels over the Georgia Central Railway bridges before narrowing back down to an undivided two-lane highway as it travels through East Macon along the western edge of Macon Downtown Airport. Just after a small powerline right-of-way, the road curves to the right, then turns left as Emery Highway while Ocmulgee East Boulevard becomes SR87 Conn. leading toward US80/SR19/SR540 and Jeffersonville Road. Emery Highway is later joined by US80/SR19/SR540, and all six highways (US23/US80/US129 Alt./SR19/SR87/SR540) continue to the northwest. Within Macon, they first enter the city limits by traveling beneath a former Central of Georgia Railway bridge and then travels under a powerline right-of-way before crossing a pair of old bridges over Walnut Creek, where it travels along the northern edge of Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park. US80, SR87, and SR540 turn left at Colesium Drive and US129 Alt. turns right onto northbound Second Street (SR22), while bi-directional west-to-south and north-to-east turning lanes exist at the southwest corner. US23 turns left again as Spring Street in a wrong-way concurrency with US129 at another interchange with I-16, where it instantly crosses the W.L. "Young" Stribling Memorial Bridge (formerly known as the Spring Street Bridge) over the Ocmulgee River, which also includes the Ocmulgee Heritage Trail on the north side and a railroad line on the south side. That concurrency ends when US23 turns right at Riverside Drive rejoining SR87, while US129 turns left. From there, US23/SR87 passes by the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed Rose Hill Cemetery as it descends toward a bridge over I-75 at the interchange with SR540 and the western terminus of I-16 but has no connecting ramps to or from either highway. North of that bridge, the road travels along the southwest side of I-75, and this is the only place that US23 travels west of I-75 until many miles to the north, in Perrysburg, Ohio (near Toledo). Access to the Interstate is available from US23 in this area, though. The first point is from SR247 whose northern terminus is at exit167. The next is with Arkwright Road at exit169. Finally, US23/SR87 only has an interchange with I-75 at exit171 north of Macon, and travels more toward the north, passing by The Shoppes at River Crossing and narrowing down to a two-lane undivided highway, although a long stretch of right-of-way for new northbound lanes can be found along the east side as it encounters a traffic circle with the northwest end of Arkwright Road and former SR361. This right-of-way shows up at random moments even as it travels through its last miles within Bibb County.
Metro Macon through Flovilla
US23/SR87 briefly curves straight north and enters Monroe County between Wesleyan Drive and Trey Terrace, north of the Brickyard Golf Club. Most of the surroundings along this segment are of the pine forests of Central Georgia. Aside from two gravel mines owned by Vulcan Materials Company, the route encounter little else until reaching a traffic circle with SR18 (Dames Ferry Road). Roughly 0.5 miles (0.80km) later, it makes a slight curve to the northwest and then runs along the east bank of Lake Juliette, although most of the lake is hidden from the road with pine trees. A park owned by Georgia Power called the "Dames Ferry Public Use Area at Lake Juliette" can also be spotted. After running under a railroad bridge, it encounters the entrance to the Plant Scherer Steam Power Plant. Later, it passes by a manufacturing company specializing in erosion control products called ErosionTech just before entering the western edges of Juliette. At the four-way stop intersection with the road for which the community was named, which is also a blinker-light intersection, a local convenience store can be found on the northwest corner, and the southwest corner has a homemade sign leading to the "Whistle Stop Café", the site of the filming of the 1991 movie "Fried Green Tomatoes". North of there, the road has few landmarks other than the Juliette Baptist Church and the Elbert L. Jackson Memorial Bridge over the Towaliga River. Practically every other intersection in this segment is a dead-end street, until it reaches another blinker-light intersection with a four-way stop at SR83. Just after the gas station on the northeast corner of this intersection is a local street named Lower Martin Road, and, further up, the intersection with another dirt road named Berner Loop, closely followed by Martin Road on the opposite side. The culvert over Lee Creek is barely visible, as are the driveways to an antenna and one common driveway nearby. These are what passes for landmarks before US23/SR87 intersects Watson and Mount Pleasant Church Roads (Monroe CR88), and then just 200 feet (61m) away Lassiter Road.[1]
The bridge over Big Sandy Creek is where US23/SR87 enters Butts County, and, after running beneath a powerline right-of-way, the segment runs through forestland below ground level, cut like a sunken trace. Very few intersections and residencies exist after this segment. The road enters the Flovilla city limits just south of the first intersection of Beaty Circle and Floyd Street. An abandoned section of Lamar Street branches off to the northeast before the intersection with Lee Street which leads to the local postoffice. The next intersection that follows is the second intersection with Beaty Circle and Beaty Street which is also a blinker-light intersection. US23 becomes a divided highway again before the intersection with Higgins Road but instantly approaches an at-grade interchange with SR42, replacing SR87 as the overlapping state route as SR87 comes to an end. US23/SR42 continues northwest in the same trajectory and ceases to remain a divided highway north of Watkins Road. A railroad line that US23 previously ran above when it crossed the bridge over the Ocmulgee River in Macon is encountered again when it approaches the road on the east side, only to curve away and cross a private dirt road named McCoy Road that terminates at the routes. The highway begins to curve in a more westerly direction and the forestland begins to thin out as it runs under some powerlines running southwest to northeast between a barbecue restaurant and a self-storage warehouse. Another set of powerlines running directly west to east can be found between two dirt roads named Rodeo Drive and Valley Hills Road.
Jackson through Atlanta
Right after a gas station/pawnshop, US23/SR42 officially enters Jackson. The railroad line that US23 ran over when it crossed the bridge in Macon is encountered again at the intersection with Eighth Street. The road curves away from the tracks and then back near the intersections with Indian Springs Street and then Railroad Street, then curves away from them again as it approaches SR16 and joins it in another concurrency along East Third Street heading west. At the intersection with Covington and College streets, the routes are also joined by SR36 until they reach Mulberry Street at the historic Butts County Courthouse. SR16 continues west onto West Third Street, while US23/SR42 makes a right turn to the north-northwest onto Brookwood Avenue. The route approaches the same railroad line it flanked north of Flovilla and curves to the northwest along the west side of those tracks. Just south of Old Bethel Road, it moves away from the side of the tracks and curves more toward the west again before entering Jenkinsburg, where that same railroad line now runs along the north side of the road. Along the way, it passes by a Scotts Miracle-Gro Company mulch mill and the local postoffice. After Sihloh Road, it turns southwest but curves back toward the northwest again at the intersection with County Line Road and McGough Road where it crosses the Butts–Henry county line. Here, the road is named "State Route42" and varies between two and three lanes. At some point within the county, the routes enter Locust Grove. The road runs close to the southwest side of the previously mentioned railroad line across from South Singley Drive (which, at one time, crossed the tracks), then again across from Beulah Lane and Southridge Drive, and once again east of Grove Road, remaining along that side. The road and the railroad track curve more toward the northwest between LG Griffin and Indian Creek Roads but, on the opposite side of the tracks, approaches the Locust Grove Recreational Center, and then the NRHP-listed Locust Grove Institute, on the southwest corner of Bill Gardner Parkway. Before the intersection with South Gardner Lane and North Jackson Street, the tracks move away from the road, which itself passes through an industrial zone. North of Bethlehem Road, US23/SR42 climbs an embankment for a bridge over the railroad line it frequently encountered and now runs along the east side of those tracks. The road moves away from the tracks at an industrial cul-de-sac and then passes by a self-storage warehouse that has a former jetfighter used as a sign. Further north after the intersection with King Mill Road, it gains the name Macon Street and passes by a pair of now closed warehouses.
US23 configured with SR20, SR42, and SR81 in McDonough. SR155 intersects south of the Town Green.
Just after crossing a culvert over a tributary of Tusshaw Creek and entering the McDonough city limits, US23/SR42 has an intersection with SR155. After another signalized intersection, this time with a local street named Racetrack Road, the routes split into a one-way pair with northbound traffic remaining along Macon Street, and southbound traffic running along Griffin Street, just south of the McDonough Memorial Cemetery on Macon Street. Sites along this segment also include the McDonough Municipal Courthouse, Shiloh Baptist Church, First United Methodist Church of McDonough, and NRHP-listed Brown House. Both streets enter the McDonough Historic District where they encounter another one-way pair with SR20/SR81, the westbound segment of this having a one-block overlap with southbound US23/SR42. The north side of this district, as well as the rest of McDonough Square, is dominated by the Henry County Courthouse, which runs along westbound SR20/SR81 and spans between northbound and southbound US23. The northbound street enters the Lawrenceville Street Historic District when the street the district was named for briefly joins it for one block, then branches off to the northeast across from Maxwell Street and the street name resumes as Macon Street. Meanwhile, southbound US23 is named Atlanta Avenue north of McDonough Square. Macon Street and then Atlanta Street curve to the northwest, as the one-way pair ends at the historic James and Bertha Hooten House. North of there, the road is only a two-lane undivided highway, though it widens briefly at a cluster development named North Valley and the Huntington Ridge Housing Development which leads to the McDonough Children's Specialists Hospital. US23/SR42 intersects the unfinished and unmarked McDonough Parkway before finally leaving the city limits at the bridge over Walnut Creek, although many businesses north of there are still are addressed as being in McDonough. Among these businesses are some churches, a veterinary hospital, and a treatment center for traumatic brain injuries. The road becomes a four-lane divided highway before approaching the intersection with Eagles Landing and East Lake Parkways. After a Henry County fire station, it narrows down to two lanes before approaching a powerline right-of-way and a bridge over Little Cotton Indian Creek and later curves toward the north. A former right-of-way for the road curves to the northwest while US23/SR42 curves straight north to approach SR138 and runs in a westbound overlap with this route. From here, the road is named North Henry Boulevard and is entirely four lanes with a continuous center-left turn lane as it enters Stockbridge. Just west of the Stockbridge City Hall and former site of the Walden-Turner House, US23/SR42/SR138 runs above a bridge over the same railroad line it encountered near Flovilla, Jackson, and Locust Grove. Gradually curving to the northwest, SR138 leaves US23/SR42 as the routes curve back north again, then runs along the east side of I-675 until making another brief curve to the west, enters Clayton County where the name changes from Henry Boulevard to Macon Highway, and has a diamond interchange with that Interstate in Rex at exit2, only to curve back to the north and run along the west side for the rest of its journey.
US23/SR42 northbound on Moreland Avenue in Atlanta
The name of the road changes from Macon Highway to Moreland Avenue, as it passes over a culvert for Tar Creek and enters Ellenwood, and the first signalized intersection just happens to be Rex Road, which leads to the Historic Rex Village. North of Forest Parkway, US23/SR42 eventually runs along the eastern edge of the former site of Fort Gillem. Housing within the former base has been converted into a local housing development. After the intersection of Old Toney Road, it passes under a two-lane bridge for an abandoned railroad spur to the base. The Main Gate to Fort Gillem can be found across from Anvil Block Road, the southeast corner of which includes a warehouse that serves as the beginning of an industrial trend along the routes, mostly involving trucking companies. North of two automotive repair shops, US23/SR42 enters Conley. Within the community, an extraordinarily large number of trucking companies and related businesses are gathered around or near US23, even as that and SR42 cross the DeKalb County line, where the name Moreland Avenue continues. Within this segment, the road serves as the northeastern terminus of SR54 Conn. (formerly SR160). After passing more truck-, bus-, and construction-related businesses on the west side and the Hickory Ridge Landfill on the east side, the road encounters I-285 at exit53, which also has ramps leading back to I-675. Even with the proximity of the Lake Charlotte Nature Preserve, truck-related businesses continue to run alongside US23 as it enters Atlanta. Along the city limits and then fully within the city of Atlanta, it runs for several miles in a perfectly straight and due north–south line, which is also the Fulton–DeKalb county line.
Along this segment, the road runs over a railroad bridge and then passes by the Moreland Flea Market and later the Chestnut Hill Cemetery and Starlight Six Drive-In Theatre just before the southeastern terminus of SR42 Spur. The cluster of trucking related businesses finally ends at Custer Avenue Southeast and is replaced by more general commercial development. North of East Confederate Avenue, US23/SR42 runs along the neighborhood line between Ormewood Park–East Atlanta and commercial development along the routes is replaced by residential development until it reaches Delaware Avenue, where the commercial zoning resumes. Residencies are restored again between Hall Street Southeast and Portland Avenue Southeast. The next block is the western terminus of SR260 and, shortly afterward, the unmarked section of Glenwood Avenue Southeast, diagonally across from there. Commercial development remains along the road as it approaches I-20 at exit60 where it crosses the East Atlanta–Edgewood neighborhood line, more accurately running along the Reynoldstown–Edgewood neighborhood line when it instantly encounters SR154. Between Arkwright Place and Wylie Street, the road runs through some residencies that are raised above ground by stone embankments. North of Hardee Street Northeast, the road becomes a divided highway, as it approaches a bridge under a railroad freight line shared by the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) Blue and Green lines east of Inman Park/Reynoldstown station. From there, the route runs between Inman Park and Candler Park briefly passing through the Little Five Points area but then runs along the eastern edge of Poncey–Highland, where it encounters the eastern terminus of SR42 Conn., which was originally intended to be part of the Stone Mountain Freeway. On the Poncey–Highland – Atkins Park neighborhood line, US23 turns east on US29/US78/US278/SR8/SR10 (Ponce de Leon Avenue), while SR42 continues north along Briarcliff Road.
South Ponce de Leon Avenue immediately splits off to the southeast, but US23/US29/US78/US278 only runs along the main Ponce de Leon Avenue along the northern edges of Springdale, Virgilee, and Brightwood parks, while South Ponce de Leon runs along the south side of these parks. This pattern ends at Lullwater and Fairview roads but is repeated again shortly afterward at Shady Side and Dellwood parks, where the routes enter Druid Hills. On the opposite side, a North Ponce de Leon Avenue runs along the northern edge of Deepdene Park while US23/US29/US78/SR8 runs along the south side of that park, but US278/SR10 branches off to the southeast toward East Lake, Kensington, I-20 from Lithonia to Covington, and ultimately to Hilton Head Island in South Carolina, only for North Ponce de Leon Avenue to reunite with its parent street. After crossing under a stone arch railroad bridge and entering Decatur, Ponce de Leon Avenue becomes a local street, while US23/US29/US78/SR8 branches off to the northeast onto Scott Boulevard. This concurrency comes to an end when US29/US78/SR8 encounters SR155 (Clairemont Avenue), and US23 makes a left turn onto that street. Entering North Decatur, the street name changes to Clairmont Road and eventually approaches I-85 at exit91, where US23/SR155 crosses the Brookhaven city line. The routes curve to the northeast then SR155 ends at SR13, but US23 turns right onto Buford Highway. Clairmont Road continues north as an unmarked route toward SR141 in Chamblee. Along the way, US23/SR13 passes along the southern border of DeKalb–Peachtree Airport, although Clairmont Road runs along the western edge of that airport, providing direct access to it. Entering Doraville, the route encounters I-285 again at exit32 just north of the Tom Moreland Interchange.
US23/SR13 crosses the Gwinnett County line after Johnson Drive and enters Mechanicsville, where it approaches the south side of a major Southern Railway line leading between Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina. US23/SR13 runs parallel to the Railroad through Norcross, Duluth, Suwanee, Sugar Hill, and Buford where US23 turns on to SR20, while SR13 continues northeast to SR369 in Gainesville. US23 overlaps SR20 as another four-lane divided highway, this time with random unfinished frontage roads. Though signed eastbound while US23 is signed northbound, it actually runs southeast and winds through the landscape descending as it approaches a bridge over Suwanee Creek then climbs a hill as it approaches the interchange with I-985 (SR365) at exit4, where it finally turns left onto the northbound onramp, joining that route in another concurrency eventually crossing the Gwinnett–Hall county line.
The first interchange along I-985/US23/SR365 in Hall County is exit8 at SR347. Though signed only for Sprout Springs Road, the Rankin Smith Interchange (exit12) in Flowery Branch also includes Phil Niekro Boulevard. Former rest areas also exists west of exit16 (SR53), which is so close to exit17 (SR13), that southwestbound ramps are separated by a frontage road, and the northeastbound onramp from exit16 goes over the northeastbound offramp from exit17. Within Gainesville, US129 once again joins the concurrency at exit22 which is also shared by the southern terminus of US129 Bus. At exit24, US129 leaves across from the unmarked Old Cornelia Highway, and I-985 ends. However, the US23/SR365 concurrency continues north as an at-grade highway that has potential to be upgraded to Interstate standards. Signage was missing from Buford Highway north (at turn onto SR20) but returned at the controlled access end of I-985, continuing north on SR365 also known as Cornelia Highway.
This segment of US23/SR365 is an example of an unfinished freeway. Various intersections and features embankments along the sides of the road resemble the potential for an upgrade of the road to limited-access highway. Among the more important though not necessarily designated routes intersecting this segment are White Sulphur Road which connects the communities of White Sulphur to the north and White Sulphur Springs to the south. The next community it runs near is Lula where it intersects SR52, a west–east state highway spanning from Dalton to Maysville. Beyond this point, it continues to run up and down the hills of Hall County, passing through more minor intersections. As the road crosses the Hall–Habersham county line, it gains the name Tommy Irwin Parkway. The first intersection in the county is Yonah Post Road in Raoul and most other minor intersections beyond that point are minor, including those north of Alto and the northwestern edges of Baldwin, the latter of which also includes a more important intersection, specifically the southern terminus of SR384 which continues south as an unmarked local street name Duncan Bridge Road. After the intersection with Kudzu Hill Road, the road enters Cornelia, passing a bridge over J. Warren Road with no access. One last diamond interchanges can be found just before a wye interchange with US441 becomes the beginning of a concurrency that exists through the North Carolina state line as far north as Dillsboro. In the process, it also rejoins SR15.
The first crossing along the US23/US441 multiplex is the interchange with US441 Bus., which is also known as "Old Historic US441", running south into Baldwin and north through Demorest and Clarkesville. Most intersections from that point on are strictly local street built at-grade; however, a single connecting ramp from both directions of US23/US441 runs down to the southwest corner of the bridge over the southern terminus of SR197. Crossing three more local intersections, the routes enter Mount Airy, where SR365 leaves at a flyover interchange with US123 and directly afterward US23/US441/SR15 has an intersection with SR17. Winding north through Mount Airy, the north end of US441 Bus. is encountered again, across from SR17 Alt., although historic US441 still runs along the west side as an unmarked route. Later, the road passes through Turnerville but encounters no routed intersections. Unmarked Historic US441 ends just before the routes passes through Tallulah Falls, where they intersect another former section that is marked as SR15 Loop on the east side which is a scenic overlook for the falls. Shortly afterward, the road enters Tallulah Gorge State Park before entering Rabun County, where the road briefly leaves the park and runs along the side of it as it passes by the former namesake station for the Tallulah Falls Railway then crosses over the Riley C. Thurmond Memorial Bridge before reentering the park. From there, it passes through the Blue Ridge Mountain communities of Wiley, Lakemont, and Tiger, the divider comes to an end and US23/US441/SR15 remains undivided through the rest of the state with either three or four lanes as it enters Clayton. Beginning here, it is primarily a four-lane undivided highway. In Clayton, it meets US76/SR2. US23/US441 then continues north through Mountain City, Rabun Gap, and Dillard before crossing into North Carolina, and SR15 comes to an end.
National Highway System
The following portions of US23 in Georgia is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense:
The entire concurrency with US1/SR4 from the Florida state line to a point north of Alma
The entire concurrency with US341/SR27 from Hazlehurst to Eastman
From the intersection with SR87 Conn. in East Macon to SR247 in Macon
A small portion in Woodhaven Estates and Stockbridge
The entire length between the I-285 interchanges, from south of Constitution to Doraville
From the northern end of the SR13 concurrency (on the Sugar Hill–Buford city line) to the North Carolina state line.[3][4][5][6]
History
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Major intersections
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U.S. Highway 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Georgia, which is concurrent for almost its entire length with State Route 4 (SR 4), is a highway traversing south–north through portions of Charlton, Ware, Bacon, Appling, Toombs, Emanuel, Jefferson, and Richmond counties in the southeastern and east-central parts of the state. In Georgia, the highway originates at US 1/US 23/US 301/State Road 15 (SR 15) at the St. Marys River and the Florida state line, where SR 4 reach their southern terminus. It travels to the Savannah River at the South Carolina state line in Augusta where the route continues to North Augusta, South Carolina. Here, SR 10 reaches its eastern terminus.
State Route 4 (SR 4) is a state highway in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Except for its northernmost portion, it is completely concurrent for its entire length with U.S. Route 1 (US 1). It traverses south-to-north through portions of Charlton, Ware, Bacon, Appling, Toombs, Emanuel, Jefferson, and Richmond counties in the southeastern and east-central parts of the state. The highway begins at the Florida state line, on US 1/US 23/US 301/SR 15 at the St. Marys River. It travels to its northern terminus at the South Carolina state line, on the Augusta–North Augusta, South Carolina city line, on US 25 Business at the Savannah River.
U.S. Route 29 (US 29), internally designated by the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) as State Route 15 (SR 15), is a southwest–northeast state highway across the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. US 29 and SR 15 traverse Alabama in a general northeast–southwest slope. It has never been a major route in the state; its significance was completely overshadowed with the completion of Interstate 65 (I-65) and I-85 during the 1970s. Today, US 29 and SR 15 serve primarily to connect numerous smaller towns and cities in the southwest, south-central, and eastern parts of Alabama.
State Route 22 (SR 22) is a 221.1-mile-long (355.8 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast in an eastern arc through portions of Muscogee, Talbot, Taylor, Upson, Crawford, Bibb, Jones, Baldwin, Hancock, Taliaferro, Oglethorpe, and Madison counties in the western and west-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Alabama state line in Columbus, across the state line from Phenix City, Alabama, to Comer, via Macon and Milledgeville.
State Route 49 (SR 49) is a 122.8-mile-long (197.6 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Terrell, Sumter, Macon, Peach, Houston, Bibb, Jones, and Baldwin counties, mainly in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects SR 45 north of Dawson to SR 22/SR 24 in Milledgeville.
U.S. Highway 17 (US 17) in Florida is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs 317 miles (510 km) from the Punta Gorda, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area northeast to the Jacksonville metropolitan area.
U.S. Highway 27 (US 27) in Florida is a north–south United States Numbered Highway. It runs 496.352 miles (798.801 km) from the Miami metropolitan area northwest to the Tallahassee metropolitan area. Throughout the state, US 27 has been designated the Claude Pepper Memorial Highway by the Florida Legislature. It was named after long-time Florida statesperson Claude Pepper, who served in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. The stretch running from Miami to South Bay was originally designated the Thomas E. Will Memorial Highway by the Florida Legislature in 1937 when that portion was known as State Road 26 (SR 26). Thomas E. Will, the founder of Okeelanta, had worked for almost 20 years to get the state to build a road from Miami to the area south of Lake Okeechobee. For most of its length in the state, US 27 is a divided highway.
U.S. Highway 41 (US 41) in the state of Florida is a north–south United States Highway. It runs 479 miles (771 km) from Miami in South Florida northwest to the Georgia state line north of the Lake City area. Within the state, US 41 is paralleled by Interstate 75 (I-75) all the way from Miami to Georgia, and I-75 has largely supplanted US 41 as a major highway.
U.S. Route 129 (US 129) in Florida is a north–south United States Highway. It runs 88 miles (142 km) from Chiefland north to the Georgia State Line in Levy, Gilchrist, Suwannee, and Hamilton Counties.
U.S. Route 301 in Florida runs from the Sarasota-Bradenton-Venice, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area northeast to the Greater Jacksonville Metropolitan Area. The road is a spur of U.S. Route 1, which it intersects in Callahan.
U.S. Route 441 (US 441) in Florida is a north–south United States Highway. It runs 433 miles (697 km) from Miami in South Florida northwest to the Georgia state line, with the overall route continuing to Tennessee in the Rocky Top area.
Several special routes of U.S. Route 23 (US 23) exist. There are 18 extant special routes along US 23 and 14 former routes.
U.S. Route 221 (US 221) in the U.S. state of Georgia is a south–north U.S. Highway. It travels from the Florida border near the Quitman area to the South Carolina state line, north of Pollards Corner. The highway connects North Central Florida with Upstate South Carolina.
U.S. Route 278 (US 278) in the U.S. state of Georgia is an east–west United States Highway traversing the north-central portion of the state. The highway travels from the Alabama state line near Esom Hill to the South Carolina state line where it crosses the Savannah River in the Augusta metropolitan area.
U.S. Route 129 (US 129) is a 375-mile-long (604 km) U.S. Highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels south-to-north from the Florida state line, south of Statenville, to the North Carolina state line, northwest of Blairsville.
U.S. Route 441 (US 441) in the U.S. state of Georgia is a 354.2-mile-long (570.0 km) north–south United States Highway through the east-central portion of the state. It travels from the Florida state line near the Fargo city area to the North Carolina state line, in the northern part of Dillard. It is a spur route of US 41, although it has no intersections with its "parent" route within the state. It does have an intersection with another spur route of US 41 however, specifically US 341 in McRae–Helena.
Georgia State Route 87 (SR 87) is a 107-mile-long (172 km) state highway that travels south-to-north through portions of Dodge, Bleckley, Twiggs, Bibb, Monroe, and Butts counties in the historic southern and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Eastman area and the southwestern part of Dodge County with Flovilla, via Cochran and the Macon metropolitan area. The highway is largely, but not entirely, concurrent with U.S. Route 23 (US 23) and serves local traffic.
A total of at least twelve special routes of U.S. Route 441 have existed, and at least three have been deleted. These special routes include alternate routes, business loops, truck routes, and bypass routes which connect to U.S. Route 441 in the US states of Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
A total of at least sixteen special routes of U.S. Route 460 exist and at least six have been deleted.
Several special routes of U.S. Route 129 exist, most of which are in the state of Georgia.
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US 1 / US 23 / US 301 / SR 15 / SR 4 at the Florida state line northwest of Hilliard, FL 
US 23 / US 441 and 
SR 15 at the North Carolina state line in Dillard 
