Upper Sorbian phonology

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This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Upper Sorbian language.

Contents

Vowels

The vowel inventory of Upper Sorbian is exactly the same as that of Lower Sorbian. [1] It is also very similar to the vowel inventory of Slovene.

Vowel phonemes [1] [2]
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Consonants

Consonant phonemes [1] [10]
Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Palatal Velar/
Uvular 		Glottal
hard soft hardsoftsofthardsofthard
Nasal m mʲ n ɲ
Plosive voiceless p pʲ t k
voiced b bʲ d ɡ
Affricate voiceless t͡s (t͡sʲ) t͡ʃ
voiced ( d͡z ) d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x
voiced ( v ) z (zʲ) ʒ ɦ
Trill ʀ ʀʲ
Approximant β ɥ l j

Final devoicing and assimilation

Upper Sorbian has both final devoicing and regressive voicing assimilation, both word-internal and across word boundaries. [3] [32] In the latter context, /x/ is voiced to [ ɣ ]. Regressive voicing assimilation does not occur before sonorants and /ɦ/. [32]

Stress

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stone (2002), p. 600.
  2. 1 2 Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 20.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stone (2002), p. 604.
  4. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984 :34). The author states that [ɪ] is less front and somewhat lower than [i], but unlike Russian [ɨ], it is front, not central.
  5. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 32–33.
  6. 1 2 3 Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 32.
  7. 1 2 Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 33.
  8. ↑ Stone (2002), pp. 601, 606–607.
  9. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 31.
  10. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 46.
  11. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 35–37, 41, 46.
  12. 1 2 3 Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 41.
  13. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984 :36–37, 41, 46). On page 36, the author states that Upper Sorbian /β/ is less velar than Polish /w/. The weakness of the velarization is confirmed by the corresponding image on page 37.
  14. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 36.
  15. ↑ Stone (2002), pp. 603–604.
  16. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 37–41, 46.
  17. ↑ Zygis (2003), pp. 190–191.
  18. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 37, 39, 46.
  19. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 39, 46.
  20. 1 2 Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 38.
  21. 1 2 Zygis (2003), p. 191.
  22. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 40–41.
  23. ↑ Zygis (2003), pp. 180–181, 190–191.
  24. ↑ Zygis (2003), p. 180.
  25. ↑ Stone (2002), pp. 600, 602.
  26. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 42–44, 46.
  27. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 26–27, 42–43.
  28. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 43.
  29. ↑ Stone (2002), p. 602.
  30. ↑ Stone (2002), pp. 600, 605.
  31. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), pp. 43, 46.
  32. 1 2 Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 26.
  33. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 27.
  34. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984), p. 28.

Bibliography

Further reading

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