American hybrid warfare against Greenland during the second Trump administration

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American hybrid warfare against Greenland
Part of American expansionism under Donald Trump
Greenland in the Kingdom of Denmark.svg
Greenland in the Kingdom of Denmark
Date20 January 2025 – present (11 months and 28 days)
(escalation since 22 December 2025)
Location
Goals United States annexation of Greenland
StatusOngoing
Parties
Lead figures

During the second presidency of Donald Trump, the United States has pursued a campaign to take over Greenland, part of the Kingdom of Denmark and whose citizens are also citizens of the European Union (EU), often referred to as the Greenland crisis. [1] This followed a failed attempt by Trump to purchase Greenland during his first presidency, that was turned down and described as "an absurd discussion" by Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen. [2] Following continued escalations during 2025 and 2026, US actions have been described by academics and commentators as a form of hybrid warfare. [3] [ better source needed ]

Contents

Since his reelection in 2024, Trump has several times threatened invading Greenland and promoted false claims about the island. [4] The official Danish threat assessment published by the Danish Defence Intelligence Service in 2025 for the first time in its history mentioned the United States as a threat to national security, alongside Russia and China. [5] [6] Danish intelligence has warned that Greenland is being targeted by "various kinds of influence campaigns" by foreign actors aligned with Trump. [7] In August 2025, the Danish Broadcasting Corporation reported that at least three American men with connections to Trump were being monitored by the Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET) for attempting to infiltrate Greenland and create discord in its relationship with Denmark. [8] Trump's actions have been compared to Russian hybrid warfare. [9]

Danish politicians have called for closing the US consulate in Greenland for its role in undermining Danish sovereignty. [10] Pituffik Space Base commander Susannah Meyers, the highest-ranking US officer in Greenland, said Trump's threats against Greenland "are not reflective of Pituffik Space Base", leading her to be fired by Trump. [11] Trump has threatened to "do something" on Greenland "whether they like it or not". [12] He claimed that he does not "need international law" and that it "may be a choice" for the US between seizing Greenland or preserving NATO, [13] claiming he would take Greenland "the hard way" if Denmark does not give up its territory. [14] Trump said existing treaty rights are insufficient, arguing that full "ownership" is "psychologically needed for success." [15] [13] The White House has promoted its demands on Greenland using far-right white supremacist memes. [16] 2025 saw large demonstrations against the US in Greenland, featuring slogans "we are not for sale," "no means no", "stop threatening us", and "Yankee go home". [17] [18]

Activities that threaten the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark are crimes under Danish criminal law. [19] Danish troops in Greenland are legally obligated to defend Danish territory and, under military law, to "immediately take up the fight without waiting for, or seeking orders" in "the event of an attack on Danish territory". [19] The Danish government confirmed the order remains in place [20] and the Ministry of Defence said Danish troops would immediately respond to an invasion of Greenland with force. [21] Rasmus Jarlov, the chair of the Defence Committee, said that Denmark would defend its territory and invoke Article 5 of NATO if attacked by the US. [22] EU defence commissioner Andrius Kubilius said a US invasion of Greenland would be the end of NATO and that EU members would be under obligation to come to Denmark's assistance. [23] Denmark and NATO allies have deployed military reinforcements to Greenland to defend the territory [24] while a bipartisan U.S. congressional delegation travelled to Copenhagen in a show of support. [25]

Background

Greenland is part of the Nordic region. Nordic countries.png
Greenland is part of the Nordic region.
Royal Danish Navy frigate HDMS Absalon (F341) off the coast of Greenland KDM Absalon (L16) underway in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Greenland on 16 August 2019 (190816-N-TJ319-1251).JPG
Royal Danish Navy frigate HDMS Absalon (F341) off the coast of Greenland
Greenland's head of state, King Frederik X, and the Greenland prime minister Mute Bourup Egede visit Pituffik Space Base and are greeted on the runway by US base commander Jason Terry, with Greenlandic, Danish, and US flags in the background, 29 June 2024. The King and the Prime Minister made a stop at the base when travelling to Qaanaaq in the north of Greenland and are wearing traditional Greenlandic blue anoraks. U.S. Space Force Col. Jason Terry, 821st Space Base Group commander, King Frederik X, king of the Kingdom of Denmark, and Mute Bourup Egede, prime minister of Greenland - 240629-X-DX306-6315.jpg
Greenland's head of state, King Frederik X, and the Greenland prime minister Múte Bourup Egede visit Pituffik Space Base and are greeted on the runway by US base commander Jason Terry, with Greenlandic, Danish, and US flags in the background, 29 June 2024. The King and the Prime Minister made a stop at the base when travelling to Qaanaaq in the north of Greenland and are wearing traditional Greenlandic blue anoraks.

Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark, and has been associated with the Scandinavian kingdoms of Denmark and Norway for more than a millennium, beginning in 986 when Norse settlers from what is now Norway and Iceland settled Greenland. [26] The 13th century saw the arrival of the Inuit, who are today's majority population alongside a smaller Danish population, and many people are of mixed Inuit and Danish origin. Greenlanders, EU citizens, often have close family and cultural ties to Denmark, with thousands living there. [27] Greenland became part of the Kingdom of Norway in 1261, which then entered a union with Denmark in 1380. In 1814, Greenland remained with the Danish Crown as part of the settlement following the Napoleonic Wars. In the Treaty of the Danish West Indies, signed in 1916, the US government explicitly recognized Danish sovereignty over all of Greenland. Denmark declared full sovereignty over all of Greenland in 1921, in the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles. [28]

The 1953 Constitution of Denmark ended Greenland's status as a colony, integrating it fully into the Danish state as a regular county, as part of decolonization efforts and with the consent of the Greenland Provincial Council. [28] In the 1979 Greenlandic home rule referendum, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland, leading to the establishment of a local government authority with responsibility for local matters, but Greenland remains part of the Kingdom of Denmark, with the central government in Copenhagen solely responsible for defence and foreign policy. In 2009, Greenland was recognized under international law as a People entitled to external self-determination. [28]

As part of the Nordic region and the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland is an associate member of the Nordic Council. Greenland is one of the Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union (EU). Denmark is one of the twelve original founding member states of NATO and signed the Greenland Defense Agreement with the US in 1951, allowing the US military to operate in Greenland with Danish consent under a NATO framework. [29] In that agreement the US unambiguously recognized the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark over all of Greenland. [30] At its peak, approximately 10,000 US military personnel were stationed in Greenland, including about 6,000 at what is now Pituffik Space Base. After the Cold War, Greenland became a lower strategic priority for the US, which gradually reduced its presence to roughly 150 personnel by 2026. [31]

Denmark stepped up its Arctic defence and led a large NATO exercise in Greenland in 2025. [32] The exercise involved more than 550 soldiers, including special forces, from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, and Germany. [33] [34] The Nordic countries also collaborate on Arctic defence through NATO exercises conducted across the region, such as the Joint Viking exercise in 2025. [35] In 2025 Denmark announced a 14.6  billion kr. plan to boost Arctic defence. [36]

Greenland is under the military command of the Joint Arctic Commander, Danish general Søren Andersen. [37] The Arctic Command has around 150 permanent personnel, but regularly deploys units from across the Danish Defence forces, including the Arctic Response Force with aircraft and ships that stand ready to support forces in Greenland. [38] The Sirius Dog Sled Patrol special forces unit operates around Daneborg in the northeast of Greenland, a national park, but only comprises a small part of Danish and allied military capabilities in Greenland. [38] As of 2026, NATO members are in discussions about establishing a permanent NATO mission in Greenland, Arctic Sentry, modelled on the Baltic Sentry, following a proposal by Germany. [39] Law enforcement in Greenland employs around 350 people. [40]

During the first Trump administration, United States president Donald Trump said that the US should "buy" Greenland. The governments of Denmark and Greenland clarified that Greenland is not for sale and cannot be sold under the Danish constitution, and the Danish government has always rejected such proposals, which Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen called "an absurd discussion". [2] Greenland has invited US investment, stating that "we're open for business, not for sale". [41]

Trump left office in 2021 marking the end of his original push to obtain Greenland. After Trump won the 2024 US presidential election, he resumed his hostile rhetoric against Greenland, launched what experts have described as a hybrid warfare campaign against the Danish territory, [3] [42] leading to the official classification by Danish intelligence of the United States as a threat to national security, [6] and threatened invading the Kingdom of Denmark [43] while threatening the Greenlandic prime minister. [44] Mike Waltz said that Trump's interest in Greenland was "about critical minerals" and "natural resources". [45] Trump has several times promoted false claims about Greenland, including alleged Russian and Chinese activity, [4] which Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen rejected as misinformation. [46]

US actions against Greenland

US Vice President JD Vance and his wife Usha Vance during an uninvited one-day visit to Pituffik Space Base on 28 March 2025. After their visit, the base commander Susannah Meyers was fired for distancing herself and the base from the US threats against Greenland. Vice President JD Vance and Second Lady Usha Vance in Greenland, 2025.jpg
US Vice President JD Vance and his wife Usha Vance during an uninvited one-day visit to Pituffik Space Base on 28 March 2025. After their visit, the base commander Susannah Meyers was fired for distancing herself and the base from the US threats against Greenland.

Since his reelection in 2024, Trump has several times threatened Greenland and Denmark, refusing to rule out an invasion of the country, and engaged in actions and comments seen as provocations against Denmark. Before taking office in 2025, Trump declared he would not exclude using economic or military force against Greenland, claiming he "needs" Greenland. [47]

2025

In January 2025, Donald Trump Jr. went on a private visit to Greenland. Greenlandic media reported that Trump's entourage passed out MAGA hats to locals and attempted to speak to residents on a speakerphone. [48] [49] Pipaluk Lynge, a Greenlandic member of parliament, called the visit "staged". [49]

In February, a bill was introduced in the US Congress by Republican congressman Buddy Carter to advance efforts to annex Greenland and rename it "Red, White, and Blueland". It was described as absurd and damaging to Danish–US relations by Danish politicians. [50] [51]

In March 2025, the US Vice President JD Vance visited, without invitation, the Pituffik Space Base. The visit was condemned by Greenlandic and Danish politicians, and described as a provocation. [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] In connection with the visit, commander Susannah Meyers, the highest-ranking US officer in Greenland, said the Trump administration's threats against the Kingdom of Denmark "are not reflective of Pituffik Space Base". [11] In response, Meyers was fired by Trump. [57] The Trump administration cited the requirement that military leaders remain non-partisan and committed to the chain of command. [58]

In April 2025, media reported a plan by the Trump administration to interfere via "social media, advertising, and PR" in Greenlandic society with the goal of persuading the Greenlanders to secede from Denmark. [59] [7] In 2025 US influencers were handing out dollar bills in the streets of Nuuk. [60]

In August 2025, Danmarks Radio reported that at least three American men with connections to Trump were being monitored by the Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET) for attempting to infiltrate Greenland, with the purpose of creating discord between Greenland and Denmark by exploiting existing or fabricated disagreements. [8] [61]

In December 2025 Trump said he appointed Jeff Landry as "special envoy to Greenland". [62] The role was described as informal and one-sided, and Landry is not a formal envoy or diplomat to Greenland, with no diplomatic status or accreditation in the Kingdom of Denmark. [63] Landry said he would work to "make Greenland part of the US" [64] and intended to attend, uninvited, a traditional dog sled race. [65] Denmark summoned the American ambassador, Ken Howery [66] and Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen called Landry's statements "completely unacceptable", adding, "we insist that everyone –including the US –must show respect for the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark." [67] [68]

2026

Stephen Miller P20250718DT-1296 President Donald Trump delivers remarks at a dinner for GOP Senators (cropped)(b).jpg
Stephen Miller

Right after the 2026 United States strikes in Venezuela, White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller stated that the US has the right to take Greenland. [69] [70] His wife Katie Miller also published a map of Greenland covered in the US flag with the words "SOON", which drew widespread condemnation. [71] [72] US republican senator Thom Tillis called Stephen Miller's remarks "amateurish", "absurd". [73]

On 6 January 2026, the Trump administration threatened military action to take control of Greenland as an "option". [74] An anonymous senior US official said that "diplomacy is always the president's first option with everything, and dealmaking. He loves deals", while Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that the goal is to buy the island from Denmark. [75]

Trump ordered the Joint Special Operations Command to make plans for what he called a "possible invasion of Greenland". The move was met with resistance from the Joint Chiefs of Staff. [43] Several members of Trump's party have also promoted proposals in the US Congress to unilaterally declare the annexation of Greenland, including proposals to rename Greenland "Red, White, and Blueland" after the colors of the US flag.

On 9 January 2026, Trump claimed that "I don't need international law" and that it "may be a choice" for the US between seizing Greenland or preserving NATO. [13] Trump said existing treaty rights are insufficient, arguing that full ownership is "psychologically needed for success." [15] [13] Later that day, Trump threatened that the US would "do something" on Greenland "whether they like it or not". [12] [76] and that he would take Greenland "the hard way" if Denmark doesn't give up its territory, [14] claming that "the fact they [Denmark] had a boat land there 500 years ago doesn't mean they own the land." [77]

On 12 January 2026, Trump claimed that "One way or the other, we are going to have Greenland" and that "we're talking about acquiring, not leasing, not having it short-term." [78] On the same day, republican congressman Randy Fine proposed that the US "annexes" Greenland, in what he called "The Greenland Annexation and Statehood Act." [79] [80] In response to the Greenlandic Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen stating that Greenland had no wish to become part of the US, Trump proceeded to threaten him and denied he knew him. [44] [81] [82]

On 13 January, Trump officials again threatened Greenland, stating that Trump could "take action" against the country "within weeks." [83]

On 14 January 2026, Trump posted on his website TruthSocial "NATO: Tell Denmark to get them out of here, NOW!" and reiterated false claims that the Danish Defence forces protecting Greenland consists of "two dogsleds". [84] [85]

Analysis

Use of hybrid warfare

The Trump administration's actions against Greenland and Denmark, initially referred to as the Greenland crisis, [1] have been described by academics and commentators as hybrid warfare, [86] [61] [87] [88] a broad umbrella concept that may include the use of political warfare, fake news, diplomacy, lawfare, regime change, and foreign electoral intervention, among other methods. Greenland was united in condemnation of the US, [89] describing it as "an entirely new and unsettling situation", [90] given that Greenland lacked realistic countermeasures. [91]

Danish media interviewed several experts who said that the US actions against Greenland clearly amount to hybrid warfare. [3] André Ken Jakobsson, a researcher on hybrid warfare, said, already in the spring of 2025, that "the tools the United States uses to achieve its objectives [in Greenland] also fall within the gray zone typically associated with hybrid warfare." [92] Jakobsson believes the United States is now deliberately seeking to fracture the Kingdom of Denmark with the use of intelligence agencies [90] and that "the US has been using all of its means short of conventional war in its campaign to try to get Greenland." [42]

Speaking on US hybrid warfare and espionage in Greenland, DR commentator Niels Fastrup said that the US has shifted from an attempt to buy Greenland in 2019 to hybrid influence operations, conducted by private individuals close to Trump." [93] Swedish foreign affairs commentator and terrorism expert Wolfgang Hansson  [ sv ] compared Trump's actions to Russian hybrid warfare, stating that "Trump realized that taking over Greenland militarily would be expensive, risky, and look very bad, but hybrid warfare is cheap and easy to deny." [9]

Implications for NATO and international security

Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin Donald Trump poses for a photo with Russian president Vladimir Putin in the Billy Mitchell Room at Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska, Friday, August 15, 2025.jpg
Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin

Trump's threats against Greenland have been described as a new, potentially unprecedented challenge to NATO, [26] given that the US military already has full access to Greenland, Denmark has been a very loyal ally of the US, and has kept Chinese investments and technology out of Greenland. [27]

Former head of the NATO Defense College, Arne Bård Dalhaug, said that Trump's threats against Greenland "comes across as a gift-wrapped present from Trump to Putin", allowing him free hands in Eastern Europe. [94] According to international relations scholar Iver B. Neumann, Trump is splitting the West on behalf of the Russians, which has been a Soviet foreign policy for years. [94]

Anders Puck Nielsen, a military analyst at the Royal Danish Defence College, and Andrius Kubilius, the EU Commissioner for Defence and Space, agree that if an American invasion of Greenland was carried out, "it will be the end of NATO." [95] [96] Nielsen emphasized that it is now clear Denmark can no longer rely on the US, and that the future lies in a European defense cooperation without US involvement. [95] Speaking on the Greenland crisis, Kori Schake said it will take a generation to repair the damage and collapse of trust among the US' closest allies that Trump has caused. [97]

Use of far-right rhetoric

As J.D. Vance and Marco Rubio met the Danish and Greenlandic foreign ministers Lars Løkke Rasmussen and Vivian Motzfeldt, the White House posted a meme on Twitter with the question: "Which way, Greenland man?" with imagery implying a choice between the United States and an ominous-looking China and Russia. Experts described the meme as reflecting a "key concept in neo-Nazi and white supremacist subculture," with Heidi Beirich explaining that "Western man is code for white man, and one of the most popular racist books in these subcultures is Which Way Western Man , which has been featured in a [Department of Homeland Security] post celebrating manifest destiny." [16]

Economic warfare

In January 2026, Trump threatened economic warfare by imposing tariffs on any trading partner that did not support the idea of a US invasion and military occupation of Greenland. [98] [99]

The chairman of the Defence Committee, Conservative Rasmus Jarlov, said that Denmark would defend its territory and invoke Article 5 of NATO if attacked by the US. 20181011 Minister Rasmus Jarlov til Medicon Valley Alliance Arsmode 2018 (43432112060) (cropped).jpg
The chairman of the Defence Committee, Conservative Rasmus Jarlov, said that Denmark would defend its territory and invoke Article 5 of NATO if attacked by the US.

Criminal law

Thomas Crosbie, a US military expert working at the Royal Danish Defence College, stated that any attempt to seize Greenland would constitute a criminal act, and that Denmark, with the backing of its allies, would have the legal right to arrest any Americans involved in such actions and prosecute them under Danish criminal law. [19]

Military law

Danish troops in Greenland are legally obligated to defend Danish territory under military law. Under a 1952 standing order, Danish troops are ordered to "immediately take up the fight without waiting for, or seeking orders" in "the event of an attack on Danish territory". [19] [38] The Danish government confirmed the order remains in place and that Danish soldiers would shoot back if Greenland is attacked. [20] The Ministry of Defence said Danish troops would immediately respond to an invasion of Greenland with force and the chairman of the Defence Committee, Rasmus Jarlov, said Denmark would invoke Article 5 if attacked by the US. [21] [22]

Response

Greenland

Greenland's prime minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen said that Trump would not "get" Greenland. Nordic Prime Ministers' Summer Meeting at in Finland on 26 May 2025 - 87 (cropped).jpg
Greenland's prime minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen said that Trump would not "get" Greenland.
Danish politicians have called for closure of US consulate in Nuuk U.S. Consulate Nuuk.jpg
Danish politicians have called for closure of US consulate in Nuuk

In response to US threats, Greenland's prime minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen said Trump would not "get" Greenland and that it's not for sale. [100] [101] The US threats have caused a pause in independence discussions, which Nielsen promoted during the previous elections. [101] The PM stated that, "when faced with the choice between US and Denmark, Greenland chooses Denmark". [102]

A joint statement published by all parties in the Parliament of Greenland demanded that the US show respect and that they do not want to become part of the US, [103] [18] that they "do not want to be Americans". [104] [105] [106]

Greenland has moved to ban foreign political funding in response to US interference. [107]

2025 saw large demonstrations against the US in Greenland, with Greenlanders emphasizing that "we are not for sale". [17] Demonstrators carried placards bearing the slogans "no means no", "stop threatening us", and "Yankee go home!" [17] [18]

On 12 January 2026, the government of Greenland issued a statement that they can "not under any circumstances" accept US demands for Greenland to become part of the US and that "Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark", underlining the role of NATO in its defence. [108] The government welcomed the initiative by six NATO members (reported to be the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Poland, and Spain) to increase NATO activity in Greenland. [109] [110] [111]

In a joint statement on 13 January 2026, the prime ministers of Greenland and Denmark said that Greenland was facing an "unacceptable pressure" campaign and a "geopolitical crisis" caused by the US. They said that Greenland is not under any circumstances for sale. Frederiksen said "our message is clear: Greenland is not for sale" and "you can't buy another people". Nielsen emphasized that talk about buying another people shows a lack of respect, [112] [113] and that Greenland does not want to be owned nor governed by the US. [114]

Greenlandic politicians have welcomed a NATO mission in Greenland to protect the island following Trump's threats. [115]

Denmark

In response to US threats against Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen reminded Trump that an attack on the Kingdom of Denmark is an attack on NATO and that all members are obligated to come to Denmark's defense, urging the US to cease its threats, [116] which threaten the existence of NATO and the security framework established since the end of World War II. [117] [118]

The official Danish threat assessment published by the Danish Defence Intelligence Service in 2025 for the first time mentioned the US as a threat to national security, alongside Russia and China. [5] [119] [120]

In response to American influence operations, both Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and King Frederik X visited the Danish territory. [60] After Trump resumed his threats in December 2025, Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen insisted on the respect for the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark". [67] [68]

Danish politicians have called for closing the US consulate in Greenland over its role in undermining Danish sovereignty. [10]

Russia and China

Russia affirmed that it considers Greenland to be a Danish territory and accused Western powers of exhibiting double standards. [121]

Former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev sardonically suggested Trump should "hurry up" or Greenland might choose to join Russia instead. [122] Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that Russia was monitoring the situation, calling it "extraordinary" and "unusual". [123]

Iceland

On 5 January 2026, RÚV reported that Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir had expressed support for Greenland and Denmark, though she did not mention the United States or Donald Trump outright. [124] On the same day, Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, wrote on Vísir that while Iceland's bilateral defence agreement with the US remains unchanged, she advises the nation to preserve their vigilance and safeguarding of Icelandic interests, and urged a discussion of Iceland's position in a state of uncertainty prevailing "in our immediate environment". [125]

Canada

In January 2026, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said Canada would "always support the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Denmark, including Greenland". Canadian foreign minister Anita Anand announced Canada would open a consulate in Nuuk and Governor-General Mary Simon would travel to Greenland and Denmark to show their support for a key Arctic ally. [126]

On 16 January 2026, Carney said:

“The future of Greenland is a decision for Greenland and for the Kingdom of Denmark”

He emphasized that a decision on who owns Greenland doesn't belong to U.S. President Trump. [127]

Opposition in the United States

Former CIA Director John O. Brennan called Trump's threats against Denmark "shameful", "dangerous, and very destabilising" John Brennan CIA official portrait.jpg
Former CIA Director John O. Brennan called Trump's threats against Denmark "shameful", "dangerous, and very destabilising"

Former CIA Director John O. Brennan stated that it's "outrageous that we are threatening Denmark" and called Trump's threats "shameful", "dangerous, and very destabilising". [128] US Republican senator Thom Tillis and Democratic senator Jeanne Shaheen, co-chairs of the Senate NATO Observer Group, said that "the United States must honor its treaty obligations and respect Greenland and Denmark's sovereignty and territorial integrity". [129] [130] Republican senator Roger Wicker, the Senate Armed Services chair, said Trump's threats to seize Greenland is "a topic that should be dropped" [131] and cautioned Trump against spending time antagonizing allies". [132] After meeting Danish officials, Wicker said it is clear that there's no room for negotiation and that Trump's attempt to obtain Greenland is not realistic. [133]

Senator Mitch McConnell characterized attempts to seize Greenland as "trampling the sovereignty, respect, and trust of our allies" and "the use of force … be an especially catastrophic act of strategic self-harm to America and its global influence." [131] [134] [135]
Republican senator Susan Collins and Speaker of the House of Representatives Mike Johnson called the threats and possible US military actions as "completely inappropriate". [131]

On 12 January 2026, it was announced that a bipartisan US congressional delegation, including Democratic senator Chris Coons and Republican senator Thom Tillis, would travel to Copenhagen to meet with Danish and Greenlandic officials to underscore the value of their partnership. [136]

Former Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance Frank A. Rose, the last US official to negotiate a defence agreement with Denmark, said Trump's behavior threatens to undermine the access the United States has to the Danish territory, since, under the 1951 agreement, already has all the military access it needs. [77]

On 7 January 2026, US senator Ruben Gallego introduced a resolution in the US senate to block Trump from invading Greenland. [137] A few days later, Democratic and Republican senators introduced the bipartisan No Funds for NATO Invasion Act, which prohibits the use of federal funds for the invasion of any NATO member state or NATO-protected territory. [138] as well as the bipartisan NATO Unity Protection Act to "prohibit the use of US Department of Defense or Department of State funds to blockade, occupy, annex or otherwise assert control over the sovereign territory of a NATO member state without that ally's consent or authorization from the North Atlantic Council.", introduced by Republican senator Lisa Murkowski and Democratic senator Jeanne Shaheen. [139] According to Murkowski, the Act seeks to stop Trump's threats against Greenland. [140]

A bipartisan U.S. congressional delegation travelled to Copenhagen in a show of support. [25] [141] Republican senator Thom Tillis said he believed the senate would have sufficient numbers to pass a war powers resolution to prevent Trump from invading Greenland, while Republican congressman Don Bacon predicted an invasion of Greenland would lead to the immediate impeachment of Trump with Republican support. [142] [143]

According to YouGov, only 8 percent of Americans support using military force to take Greenland from Denmark, while only 28% of Americans support proposals to "buy" Greenland. [144]

European Union and NATO allies

Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen (right) urged "the United States to cease its threats against a historically close ally", while European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen (left) said that the EU stands in "full solidarity with Denmark and the people of Greenland". Ursula von der Leyen & Mette Frederiksen talking during a meeting of the Coalition of the willing in Paris, France - 2025 (1).jpg
Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen (right) urged "the United States to cease its threats against a historically close ally", while European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen (left) said that the EU stands in "full solidarity with Denmark and the people of Greenland".

The EU, the UK, and Canada have united behind Denmark, [63] [145] [146] and condemned the US threats. [147] [148] [126]

The European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said that the EU stands in "full solidarity with Denmark and the people of Greenland" against US threats. [63] EU Defence Commissioner Andrius Kubilius warned that it would be the end of NATO if the US invaded Greenland and said that EU members would be under obligation to come to Denmark's assistance. [23] European countries have united behind Denmark, emphasizing that Greenland belongs to its people, not to the United States. [148] [145]

European Council President António Costa said the EU would support Greenland and ‍Denmark when ‍needed and that the EU would not accept violations of international law. European allies said they are working on a plan to support Denmark. [149] [19] EU lawmakers have called for freezing a proposed trade deal with the US. [150]

British Prime Minister Keir Starmer warned Trump against attacking a NATO ally. [151] British Defence Secretary John Healey said that the UK would never help the US invade Greenland. [152]

German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul said Greenland would be defended by NATO, [153] and German Vice Chancellor Lars Klingbeil said "it is solely up to Denmark and Greenland to decide about Greenland's future. Territorial sovereignty and integrity must be respected." [154]

A joint statement, dated 6 January 2026, by President Emmanuel Macron of France, Chancellor Friedrich Merz of Germany, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni of Italy, Prime Minister Donald Tusk of Poland, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez of Spain, Prime Minister Keir Starmer of the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen of Denmark emphasized "sovereignty, territorial integrity and the inviolability of borders" and said that "Greenland belongs to its people. It is for Denmark and Greenland, and them only, to decide on matters concerning Denmark and Greenland." [155] [156] [157] A joint statement by foreign ministers of the Nordic countries have echoed the same message. [158] [159] [160]

Greenland's Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen thanked the European allies for their support. [161]

Military response

On 14 January 2026, Denmark started to send military reinforcements to Greenland [162] to strengthen its military presence. [163] Later that day it became known that both Sweden [164] and Norway sent military forces to support the Danish Defence in protecting Greenland. [165] The Ministry of Defence on 14 January 2026 announced "an increased military presence in and around Greenland, comprising aircraft, vessels and soldiers, including from NATO allies." [166] After consultations between a group of European countries, [167] Germany announced it was sending a small contingent to Greenland on a reconnaissance mission with other European nations. [168] On 15 January 2026, a French military contingent arrived in Greenland. [169]

By 17 January, the deployment involved Germany, [170] Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Estonia. [171] French President Emmanuel Macron stating that the deployment would soon be reinforced with land, air, and sea assets as part of Operation Arctic Endurance. [24] Denmark is planning a larger and more permanent NATO presence. [172] [173]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "'Før skulle vi kysse ringen': Storpolitisk stormvejr har gjort Danmark populær som aldrig før". DR (in Danish). Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  2. 1 2 "Greenland prime minister says 'enough' after latest Trump threat". Euronews. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 "Eksperter: USA fører hybridkrig mod Grønland" [Experts: The USA is waging hybrid warfare against Greenland]. Dagbladet Børsen (in Danish). Retrieved 9 January 2026. Det er decideret hybrid krigsførelse, når amerikanerne forsøger at købe sig til et valgresultat i Grønland, vurderer to eksperter. Det lyder ganske problematisk: en allieret, der fører aktiv hybridkrig mod en anden allieret. Det er ikke desto mindre den virkelighed, Danmark og Grønland befinder sig i, når USA tager en bred vifte af metoder i brug for at lægge pres på Rigsfællesskabet.[It clearly amounts to hybrid warfare when the Americans try to buy their way to an election result in Greenland, two experts assess. It sounds quite problematic: an ally conducting active hybrid warfare against another ally. Nevertheless, this is the reality that Denmark and Greenland find themselves in when the United States employs a broad range of methods to exert pressure on the Realm.]
  4. 1 2 "FACT FOCUS: Trump repeats false claims when discussing Greenland's security in the Arctic". AP Fact Check. AP. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  5. 1 2 "Danish intelligence classifies Trump's America as a security risk". Politico. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  6. 1 2 "Amid Greenland dust-up, Denmark says US is a national security risk". USA Today. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  7. 1 2 "US tells Denmark to 'calm down' over alleged Greenland influence operation". BBC. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  8. 1 2 "Centrale kilder: Mænd med forbindelser til Trump forsøger at infiltrere Grønland". DR (in Danish). Retrieved 27 August 2025.
  9. 1 2 Malmén, Joel. "Analyser: Hybridkrig är lättare än en invasion". Omni (in Swedish). Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  10. 1 2 3 "Vil stenge USA-kontor på Grønland". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  11. 1 2 "US fires Greenland military base chief for 'undermining' Vance". BBC. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  12. 1 2 "Trump ramps up Greenland threats and says US will intervene 'whether they like it or not'". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Trump: 'It may be a choice' between seizing Greenland or preserving NATO". Politico. Retrieved 9 January 2026.
  14. 1 2 "Trump Threatens to Take Greenland 'the Hard Way'". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  15. 1 2 Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Pager, Tyler; Rogers, Katie; Sanger, David E. (11 January 2026). "Two Hours, Scores of Questions, 23,000 Words: Our Interview With President Trump". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 January 2026. Sanger: 'In the 1951 agreement, though, it says the United States can reopen these bases anytime you want. You can send as many troops as you want.' [...] Trump: 'Really it is, to me, it's ownership. [...] Because that's what I feel is psychologically needed for success. I think that ownership gives you a thing that you can't do, whether you're talking about a lease or a treaty.'
  16. 1 2 3 "White House post nods to racist, far-right subculture, extremism expert says". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  17. 1 2 3 "Store demonstrasjoner mot Trump på Grønland: «We are not for sale»". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  18. 1 2 3 "Greenlanders 'don't want to be Americans', say political leaders amid Trump threats". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 "How Europe will try to save Greenland from Trump". Politico. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  20. 1 2 "Danish soldiers would shoot back if invaded, government confirms". Euronews. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  21. 1 2 "Danish forces will 'shoot first and ask questions later' if Greenland is invaded amid US threats". The Independent. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  22. 1 2 3 "'We Will Defend Greenland': Denmark Warns US Of 'Devastating' NATO War". NDTV. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  23. 1 2 "US attempt to take Greenland by force would mark end of Nato, EU defence commissioner warns". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  24. 1 2 "European military personnel arrive in Greenland as Trump says US needs island". BBC. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  25. 1 2 "U.S. Lawmakers Meet With Danish Prime Minister on Greenland". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  26. 1 2 "Greenland: The world's largest island". Denmark.dk. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  27. 1 2 "Grønlændere i Danmark" (in Danish). Stat.gl. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  28. 1 2 3 "Colonial past and the US wish to buy Greenland". DIIS. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  29. ↑ "Buy Greenland? Take It? Why? An Old Pact Already Gives Trump a Free Hand". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  30. ↑ "Defense of Greenland: Agreement Between the United States and the Kingdom of Denmark". 27 April 1951.
  31. ↑ "USA har allerede en helt spesiell avtale for Grønland. Hvorfor er ikke det nok?" [The United States already has a very special agreement for Greenland. Why isn't that enough?]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 January 2026. I dag gjenstår kun det som tidligere het Thule-basen. Den skiftet i 2023 navn til Pituffik Space Base. Navnet henspiller på det inuittiske navnet på «stedet der hunder er bundet». Basen hadde på et tidspunkt 6000 amerikanere i tjeneste. Totalt hadde USA på det meste utplassert 10.000 soldater på øya. Nå er det bare 150 igjen, bekreftet baseledelsen for overfor dansk TV2 denne uken.[Today, only what was previously known as Thule Air Base remains. In 2023, it changed its name to Pituffik Space Base. The name refers to the Inuit name for 'the place where dogs are tied.' At one point, the base had 6,000 Americans in service. In total, the United States at its peak had deployed 10,000 soldiers on the island. Now there are only 150 left, base leadership confirmed to Danish TV2 this week.]
  32. ↑ "Danish-led Arctic Light 2025 strengthens Allied readiness in High North". NATO. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  33. ↑ "Denmark leads large military exercise in Greenland, without US". Reuters. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  34. ↑ "Nordic Ministers Attend Greenland War Games Without US". The Defense Post. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  35. ↑ "Joint Viking 2025". Forsvaret. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  36. ↑ "Denmark announces $2 billion plan to boost Arctic security". DW. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  37. ↑ "New Commanding Officer of Denmark's Joint Arctic Command". High North News. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  38. 1 2 3 "Danish Forces Are Mandated to Fire Back if U.S. Attacks Greenland". The Intercept. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  39. ↑ "Germany to Pitch Arctic NATO Mission to Ease Greenland Rift". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  40. ↑ "På vakt i Arktis". Politiforum (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  41. ↑ "Greenland: Trump warned that island cannot be bought from Denmark". BBC. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  42. 1 2 Talbot, Margaret. "Denmark Is Sick of Being Bullied by Trump". The New Yorker . Retrieved 12 January 2026. André Ken Jakobsson, a professor at the University of Southern Denmark, is a scholar of 'hybrid warfare,' in which a country uses economic punishment, cyberattacks, and other aggressive means to harm another country, sometimes in concert with military operations. He told me, The U.S. has been using all of its means short of conventional war in its campaign to try to get Greenland. We're uncertain—and that is how hybrid warfare works—how to interpret some of the actions.
  43. 1 2 "'Generals trying to deflect him': Trump orders special forces to draw up Greenland invasion plan — what we know". The Times of India . Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  44. 1 2 "Denmark, Greenland leaders stand united against Trump's Greenland takeover call ahead of key meeting". The Hill. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  45. ↑ "'Completely bonkers': Trump's Greenland mining dreams collide with reality". CNN. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  46. ↑ "Denmark foreign minister rejects Trump misinformation on Greenland". AJE. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  47. ↑ "Trump refuses to rule out using military force to take Greenland and Panama Canal". Politico. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  48. ↑ "Turist, influencer og politisk budbringer på en gang: Donald Trump Jr. på besøg hos Hans Egede". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  49. 1 2 "Donald Trump Jr.'s visit was 'staged,' says Greenland lawmaker". Politico. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  50. ↑ "Danish MEP slams 'absurd' proposal to rename Greenland 'Red, White and Blueland'". Politico. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  51. ↑ Meville, Doug (12 February 2025). "New Bill proposes Greenland be renamed to "Red, White, and Blueland". Say What?". Forbes . Retrieved 26 February 2025.
  52. ↑ "Slår kraftig tilbake mot Vance-kobling: – Vi har ikke invitert henne". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  53. ↑ "JD Vance felt the cold in Greenland but he had no warm words for European allies". Sky. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  54. ↑ Snyder, Timothy. "Vance's posturing in Greenland was not just morally wrong. It was strategically disastrous" . Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  55. ↑ "JD Vance arrives in Greenland on controversial trip". DW. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  56. ↑ "JD Vance accuses Denmark of neglecting Greenland, makes highest-profile case for US control of the island". CNN. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  57. ↑ "Head of US military base in Greenland fired after JD Vance visit". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  58. ↑ "Space Force commander in Greenland fired after Vance visit". www.cbsnews.com. 11 April 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  59. ↑ "USA har planen klar for å overta Grønland". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 11 April 2025.
  60. 1 2 "Grønlandsk redaktør om Trumps uttalelser: – Det er oppoverbakke". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  61. 1 2 "Danmarks utenriksminister med klar beskjed til USA: – Forsøk på innblanding er uakseptabelt". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 27 August 2025. Danmark og USA har innledet en form for hybridkrig, hvor vi med sikkerhet ikke har sett det siste. Det kommer til å kreve store ressurser og oppmerksomhet fra den danske regjeringen, sier Winther[Denmark and the United States have entered a form of hybrid warfare, and we certainly have not seen the last of it. It will require significant resources and attention from the Danish government, says Winther]
  62. ↑ Holland, Steve (23 December 2025). "Trump says US needs Greenland for security, taps envoy to 'lead the charge'". Reuters . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  63. 1 2 3 4 Landale, James; Hagan, Rachel (23 December 2025). "Trump says US 'has to have' Greenland after naming special envoy". BBC . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  64. ↑ "Trumps spesialutsending vil gjøre Grønland til en del av USA". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 22 December 2025.
  65. ↑ "Dog sled race organizers probe rogue invite to Trump's Greenland envoy". Politico. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  66. ↑ "Denmark to summon US ambassador after Trump appoints Greenland envoy". France24. Retrieved 22 December 2025.
  67. 1 2 Tamsut, Felix; Shelton, Jon (22 December 2025). "Denmark fumes over new US envoy to Greenland". Deutsche Welle . AFP, AP and Reuters . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  68. 1 2 "Denmark furious as Trump appoints 'totally unacceptable' Greenland envoy" . The Times . Retrieved 23 December 2025.
  69. ↑ "Leaked Stephen Miller emails show Trump's point man on immigration promoted white nationalism, SPLC reports". The Washington Post. 13 November 2019. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 29 December 2025– via www.washingtonpost.com.
  70. ↑ "Stephen Miller Asserts U.S. Has Right to Take Greenland". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  71. ↑ "'Soon': Greenland slams 'disrespectful' pic posted by Trump aide's wife". ABS CBN. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  72. ↑ "Denmark's prime minister says 'stop the threats' of U.S. annexing Greenland". NPR. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  73. ↑ "'I'm sick of stupid': GOP senator slams Stephen Miller's comments on Greenland". CNN. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  74. ↑ "US says military use 'always an option' for acquiring Greenland". RTE. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  75. ↑ "Trump discussing how to acquire Greenland, US military always an option, White House says". Reuters. 6 January 2026. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  76. ↑ "Trump latest: US will 'do something' on Greenland 'whether they like it or not,' says president". Sky News. Retrieved 9 January 2026.
  77. 1 2 "Trump warned 'upsetting allies who shed blood for the US' threatens critical defence deals". The Independent. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  78. ↑ "'One way or the other': Donald Trump reiterates push to acquire Greenland, cites Russia and China threat in the Arctic". The Statesman. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  79. ↑ "Republican introduces bill seeking to make Greenland 51st state". The Hill. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  80. ↑ "Kongressmedlem i USA har lagt frem formelt forslag om å annektere Grønland". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  81. ↑ "Greenland Says It Will Choose Denmark and Rules Out Joining US". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  82. ↑ "'That's their problem': Trump threatens Greenland's leader after vow to stay with Denmark". Rawstory. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  83. ↑ "Trump to take action on Greenland 'within weeks'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  84. ↑ "Trump: Nato bør bane vei for at vi får Grønland og få Danmark ut". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  85. ↑ "Trump insists US needs Greenland for security as White House talks get under way". BBC. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  86. ↑ "Politisk kommentator efter opsigtsvækkende afsløring om Grønland: »Danmark og USA har indledt en form for hybridkrig«" [Political commentator after startling revelation about Greenland: "Denmark and the United States have entered a form of hybrid warfare."]. Berlingske Tidende (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  87. ↑ "Han forsker i hybridkrig og ser et nyt træk i Trumps krav på Grønland: »Det er meget svært for Danmark at håndtere«" [He researches hybrid warfare and sees a new move in Trump's claim on Greenland: "It is very difficult for Denmark to handle."]. Berlingske Tidende (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2026. Hybrid krigsførelse mellem allierede er nyt. Og svær at forsvare sig imod[Hybrid warfare between allies is new. And difficult to defend against.]
  88. ↑ "Forskare: USA bedriver ett hybridkrig mot Danmark" [Researcher: The USA is waging a hybrid war against Denmark]. Omni (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  89. ↑ "Trump splitter kanskje USA, men han samlet Grønland". Morgenbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 8 January 2026. Hybridkrig via Instagram: Trump splitter kanskje USA, men han samlet Grønland[Hybrid warfare via Instagram: Trump may be dividing the US, but he united Greenland]
  90. 1 2 "Ordren til CIA og NSA eskalerer konflikten om Grønland: »Vi er i en helt ny og ubehagelig situation«" [Order to the CIA and NSA escalates the Greenland conflict: 'We are in an entirely new and unsettling situation]. Berlingske Tidende (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  91. ↑ Mogensen, Lars Trier. "USA tester grænserne i Grønland – og Danmark mangler modtræk". Dagbladet Information (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2026. Kongeriget Danmark er under en ny form for hybridkrigslignende angreb – vestfra. Og det mest skræmmende er ikke engang truslen i sig selv, men i høj grad fraværet af realistiske modtræk[The Kingdom of Denmark is under a new form of hybrid-warfare-like attack — from the west. And the most frightening thing is not even the threat itself, but to a large extent the absence of realistic countermeasures.]
  92. ↑ "USA er trådt ind i en gråzone af hybridkrig mod Danmark, siger forsker" [The United States has entered a gray zone of hybrid warfare against Denmark, says researcher]. TV2 (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  93. ↑ "USA's vokseværk i Grønland puster til bekymring om overtagelse: 'Der er alt mulig grund til at tage informationerne om spionage alvorligt'". DR (in Danish). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  94. 1 2 Lillegård, Henning (10 January 2026). "Så farlig blir Putin nå". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  95. 1 2 Elkjær, Bo (8 January 2026). "NATO er i eksistentiel krise, og det haster med at opbygge et europæisk forsvarssamarbejde, siger ekspert" [NATO is in an existential crisis, and there is an urgent need to build a European defense cooperation, says expert]. Information (in Danish). Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  96. ↑ Ahlander, Johan (12 January 2026). "European commissioner says US military takeover of Greenland would be end of NATO". Reuters.
  97. ↑ "It will take a 'generation' to repair damage Trump has caused to the US". The Trump Report. The Times. 15 January 2026.
  98. ↑ Niemann, Daniel; español, DARLENE SUPERVILLE Leer en (16 January 2026). "Trump says he may punish countries with tariffs if they don't back the US controlling Greenland". AP News.
  99. ↑ "Greenland: Trump signals tariffs on nations that oppose goal". dw.com.
  100. 1 2 Zhuang, Yan (31 March 2025). "Greenland's Prime Minister Says the U.S. Will Not 'Get' the Island". NYT. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  101. 1 2 "President Trump is forcing Greenlanders to confront their future". Sky News. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  102. ↑ Gronholt-Pedersen, Jacob; Jacobsen, Stine; Jeppesen, Soren (13 January 2026). "Greenland PM prefers Denmark ties over US ahead of Vance meeting". Reuters. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  103. ↑ "Samtlige partier i fælles udtalelse: Ingen andre lande skal blande sig". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  104. ↑ Schneid, Rebecca (10 January 2026). "'We Don't Want To Be Americans': Greenland's Political Parties Issue Joint Statement Aimed At Trump". Time . New York City: Time USA. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  105. ↑ Clark, Sam (10 January 2026). "'We don't want to be Americans': Greenland's political parties hit back at Trump". Politico . Virginia: Axel Springer SE . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  106. ↑ France 24 (10 January 2026). "'We don't want to be Americans': Greenland's parties respond to new Trump threat". France 24 . AFP and Reuters . Retrieved 16 January 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  107. ↑ "Greenland plans to ban foreign political funding over Trump-led election fears". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  108. ↑ "Greenland's security 'firmly' belongs in Nato, territory's prime minister says". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  109. ↑ "USA har igen gentaget sit ønske om at overtage Grønland. Dette kan regeringskoalitionen i Grønland på ingen måde acceptere" (in Danish). Government of Greenland. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  110. ↑ "Greenland says it cannot accept US takeover 'under any circumstances'". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  111. ↑ "Grønlands regjering: Vil at Nato tar ansvar for forsvaret av øya". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  112. ↑ "Danmark og Grønland i strupen på Donald Trump og USA: – Respektløst" [Denmark and Greenland Lash Out at Donald Trump and the US: 'Disrespectful']. Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  113. ↑ "Greenland's PM has a blunt message for Trump: We choose Denmark over the U.S." CNBC. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  114. ↑ "'We choose Denmark' over the US, Greenland's PM says". DW. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  115. ↑ "»Det behøver ikke at være kæmpestore baser«: Grønlandske politikere støtter Nato-mission i Grønland efter Trumps trusler" ["They don't have to be enormous bases": Greenlandic politicians support a NATO mission in Greenland after Trump's threats]. Politiken (in Danish). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  116. 1 2 Benakis, Theodoros (5 January 2026). "Denmark's prime minister says Trump is serious about Greenland's annexation". European Interest. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  117. ↑ "NATO faces a major crisis over Greenland. Europe seems powerless to stop it". CNN. Retrieved 9 January 2026.
  118. ↑ "'Fateful moment' for Denmark amid Trump threats to take over Greenland". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  119. ↑ "A sentence about the USA in a new threat assessment". Politiken. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  120. ↑ "Danish Intelligence Warns U.S. 'Hemispheric Approach' Raises Arctic Security Uncertainty". High North News. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  121. ↑ "Russia 'considers Greenland a territory of Denmark', says Kremlin". The Independent. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  122. ↑ "Medvedev jokes Greenland could join Russia if Trump does not speed up its 'capture'". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  123. ↑ Meredith, Sam (16 January 2026). "Russia says it's monitoring Trump's 'extraordinary' push to take over Greenland". CNBC. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  124. ↑ Adam, Darren (5 January 2026). "PM declares support for Greenland". RÚV. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  125. ↑ Gunnarsdóttir, Þorgerður Katrín (1 May 2026). "Öryggi Íslands á ólgutímum". visir.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  126. 1 2 "'Disrespectful and offensive': Inuit, Canadian politicians react to U.S. Greenland threats". Nunatsiaq. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  127. ↑ www.politico.eu: Carney to Trump: Back off on Greenland
  128. ↑ "Trump's 'imperialist agenda' for Greenland opposing Nato ally is 'very dangerous' – Ex-CIA director". Times Radio. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  129. ↑ "GOP, Democratic senators say Trump should 'respect sovereignty' of Denmark on Greenland". The Hill. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  130. ↑ "Ranking Member Shaheen, Senator Tillis Statement on Greenland's Sovereignty and Upholding America's Alliance with Denmark". US Senate. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  131. 1 2 3 "GOP lawmakers denounce Trump's threats to seize Greenland". Politico. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  132. ↑ "Wicker says Denmark, Greenland have the right to refuse negotiations with the U.S." Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  133. ↑ "Republicans vow to block Trump from seizing Greenland by force". The Hill. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  134. ↑ "McConnell: Trump's seizure of Greenland would 'incinerate' NATO alliances". The Hill. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  135. ↑ politico.com 16 January 2026: ‘Dumbest thing I’ve ever heard’: Republicans amp up their resistance to Trump’s Greenland push
  136. ↑ "US lawmakers to visit Denmark as Trump continues to threaten Greenland". Boston Herald. Retrieved 13 January 2026.
  137. ↑ "Resolution to block Trump from invading Greenland introduced by Sen. Gallego". CNBC. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  138. ↑ "Bacon joins Democrats to introduce No Funds for NATO Invasion Act". The Hill. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  139. ↑ "Murkowski and Shaheen Introduce Legislation to Cement NATO Unity" (Press release). US Senate. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  140. ↑ "Murkowski, Shaheen push bill to block Trump from seizing Greenland". The Hill. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  141. ↑ "U.S. lawmakers offer support in Denmark amid Trump threat to 'own' Greenland". NBC News. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  142. ↑ "'Dumbest thing I've ever heard': Republicans amp up their resistance to Trump's Greenland push". Politico. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  143. ↑ "Rep. Don Bacon says House could impeach Trump if U.S. invades Greenland". Omaha. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  144. ↑ "Most Americans remain opposed to seizing Greenland with military force". YouGov . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  145. 1 2 "'Greenland belongs to its people': European leaders unite over Trump's threats to annex territory". CNBC. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  146. ↑ "European leaders rally behind Greenland as US ramps up threats". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  147. ↑ "European allies back Denmark over Trump's threat to annex Greenland". BBC. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  148. 1 2 "Europe's top leaders rally to defend Greenland against Trump's threats". Politico. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  149. ↑ "Greenland allies vow action if Trump moves to seize world's largest island". AJE. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  150. ↑ "EU Parliament eyes freezing US trade deal over Trump's Greenland threats". Politico. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  151. ↑ "Starmer backs Danish PM after she demands US stop threats to take over Greenland". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  152. ↑ "Britain will never help the US invade Greenland, says defence secretary after Trump claims 'we need to own it'". The Independent. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  153. ↑ "Wadephul: 'Greenland will also be defended by NATO'". DW. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  154. ↑ "Sweden, Germany critical of US rhetoric on Greenland and Denmark". RFI. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  155. ↑ "Joint Statement on Greenland" (in Danish). 6 January 2026.
  156. ↑ "European leaders rally behind Greenland in face of renewed US threat". Reuters. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  157. ↑ "Europe urges Trump to respect Greenland following annexation threats". El País. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  158. ↑ "Joint statement by the Nordic Foreign Ministers on Greenland". Government of Norway. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  159. ↑ "Nordiske land om Grønland: – Vi støtter at Nato øker sin tilstedeværelse i regionen". NRK (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  160. ↑ "Nordiske utenriksministre aviser USAs Grønland-krav". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  161. ↑ "Greenland welcomes European solidarity amid Trump's threats". DW. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
  162. ↑ "Kilder til DR: Danmark sender militære forstærkninger til Grønland" [Sources to DR: Denmark is sending military reinforcements to Greenland]. DR (in Danish). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  163. ↑ "Danmark vil trappe opp sitt militære nærvær på Grønland" [Denmark will step up its military presence in Greenland]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  164. ↑ "Svenske offiserer ankommer Grønland, opplyser statsminister Ulf Kristersson". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  165. ↑ "Forsvaret sender to til Grønland". Dagsavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  166. ↑ "Denmark announces boosted military presence in Greenland 'from today'". Le Monde. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  167. ↑ Jaiswal, Rishabh (11 January 2026). "UK, Germany discuss NATO forces in Greenland to calm US threat, Bloomberg News reports". Reuters. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  168. ↑ Rinke, Andreas; More, Rachel (15 January 2026). Heritage, Timothy; Nomiyama, Chizu (eds.). "Germany joins European partners with troop deployment to Greenland". Reuters . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
  169. ↑ "European military personnel arrive in Greenland as Trump says US needs island". BBC. 15 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  170. ↑ Rahn, Wesley; Hubenko, Dmytro; Berry, Alex (17 January 2026). "Greenland: Trump signals tariffs on nations that oppose plan". Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP and Reuters . Retrieved 17 January 2026. According to the spokesman, the 15 German officers include experts in logistics and other areas.
  171. ↑ "Estonia Ready to Deploy Troops to Greenland at Denmark's Request". Militarnyi. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  172. ↑ "Europeans send troops to Greenland as Trump presses claim". Reuters. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  173. ↑ "Nato troops to be in Greenland on 'more permanent' basis". FT. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
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