Anomalously numbered roads in Great Britain

Last updated

In the Great Britain road numbering scheme, the country is divided into numbered zones, the boundaries of which are usually defined by single-digit roads. The first digit of a road's number should be the number of the zone it occupies. If the road occupies multiple zones, then the furthest-anticlockwise zone is the correct one. The following tables list all British roads which are anomalously numbered. Roads in bold lie completely outside their "correct" zone; all other roads run for some length in their "correct" zones but trespass into zones anticlockwise of this zone. A further table lists duplicated road numbers.

Contents

Motorways

The motorway zone boundaries[ citation needed ] are different from the A-road boundaries.

Motorway number zones of England and Wales Motorway number zones in England and Wales map.svg
Motorway number zones of England and Wales
Road numberLocationTrespassed zoneReason
M48 Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire Zone 5This road used to be the M4, and as it lies to the north of the current M4 and to the west of the M5, it is in the Motorway Zone 5. [1]
M49 Bristol, Gloucestershire Zone 3This motorway lies entirely within zone 3.[ citation needed ] The motorway was constructed at the same time as the Second Severn Crossing, and it is likely that the sequential M48 and M49 were used for the old M4 and the new motorway respectively.
M62 Merseyside, Greater Manchester Zone 5The section from Liverpool to Manchester was planned as M52, but was added to the M62 to make a cross-country route.
M65 Lancashire Zone 5The short link to the A582 is out of zone

While the M25 may appear to contradict these rules as it runs through all the London-bound zones, it in fact does not: it does not quite form a complete circle. It starts in Zone 2, south of the Thames, and proceeds clockwise through zones 3, 4 and 1. The A282, which completes the circle mostly formed by the M25, is anomalously numbered; as it proceeds into the A-road 1-zone (and should therefore begin with a 1).

The M271 is numbered as a spur of the M27, as opposed to the traditional numbering rules; however the M3 to Southampton came after the M271 was built and is not the zone boundary, which appears to be a straight line from M3 J8 to Exeter in some documentation.

A roads

The numbering zones for all-purpose roads in Great Britain United Kingdom A road zones.svg
The numbering zones for all-purpose roads in Great Britain
Road numberLocationTrespassed zone(s)Reason
A14 Northamptonshire Zone 5 & 6The A14 was chosen as a unique, important number for this crucial cross-country route.
A31 Surrey Zone 2Formerly north-east of the A3 before the Guildford Bypass.
A42 Leicestershire Zone 5The A42 is numbered as an extension of the M42.
A51 Warwickshire Zone 4Extended over an orphaned section of the A423 when part of that road NW of Coventry was downgraded to B class.
A55 Anglesey Zone 4The A55 supersedes the A5 through Anglesey.
A66 Cumbria Zone 5The A66 was extended westwards beyond the A6 to make it a coast-to-coast route.
A88 Falkirk Zone 9Planned to extend westwards to form the A80 to Kincardine Bridge road - this instead became the M876.
A89 Glasgow Zone 7The A89 through Glasgow used to be partly the A8.
A91 Stirling Zone 8Rerouted to bypass Stirling. Meets the A9 at Greencornhills Roundabout yet continues into Zone 8 as far as the Bannockburn Interchange.
A167 Durham Zone 6The A167 through Durham used to be part of the A1.
A168 North Yorkshire Zone 6The A168 originally only went from Northallerton to Dishforth, and was extended by the former A1 when it was upgraded in 1994, changing the most westerly point to a different zone.
A177 Durham Zone 6In County Durham the original A1 route (now A167), not the A1(M) motorway, forms the zone boundary.
A181 Durham Zone 6In County Durham the original A1 route (now A167), not the A1(M) motorway, forms the zone boundary.
A199 East Lothian Zone 6The A199 used to be part of the A1. (With respect to the Scottish numbering hub of Edinburgh, the A199 is in fact correctly numbered as Zone 1 is anticlockwise from Zone 6 when viewed this way.)
A282 Thurrock Zone 1New road which is important and assigned an A2xx number as most A1xx numbers were already used (as zone 1 is far larger than zone 2). Could be A108 or A122, both unused numbers at present.
A307 Surrey Zone 2The A307 used to be part of the A3.
A320 Surrey Zone 2Formerly north-east of the A3 before the Guildford Bypass.
A322 Surrey Zone 2Formerly north-east of the A3 before the Guildford Bypass.
A397 Portsmouth Zone 2The A397 used to be part of the A3.
A404 Windsor and Maidenhead Zone 3The A404 originally began on the A4 1.7 miles west of where it now passes under where the A404(M) passes under the A4 and loses its motorway status. The change in route took place in September 1992 when the A404 was rerouted and took over the what was previously the A423(M) which itself had originally been part of the M4.
A412 Slough Zone 3The A412 begins in Zone 3, at the A332.
A427 Northamptonshire Zone 6The A427 previously ran from Coventry to Oundle, and was truncated west of Market Harborough, when the new A14 opened. This section was renumbered as the B4027, A4303 and A4304. An even older alignment (pre-c.1960s) heading south from North Kilworth as far as the A45 is now an unclassified road (formerly B5414) and A4071.
A447 Leicestershire Zone 5Route south of the A47 decommissioned, leaving the remainder out-of-zone.
A505 Bedfordshire Zone 4The A505 was extended to become a cross-country route.
A601 Derby Zone 5Chosen as a unique number for the Derby inner ring road.
A620 Nottinghamshire Zone 1The A620 was truncated and left east of the A1.
A624 Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire Zone 5The A624 was part of the A6 for a short stretch in Chapel-en-le-Frith before the Chapel by-pass was built.
A683 Lancashire Zone 5The A683 was extended westwards to Heysham docks.
A689 Cumbria Zone 5The A689 was extended south-westwards around Carlisle from M6 J44 to the A595 in the 5 zone. (It passes through the 7 zone as well between the A7 and River Eden, but the actual boundary between the 5 and 7 zones is undefined, and a road crossing the A7 would be correctly numbered starting 6, as zone 6 is anticlockwise of zone 7 as viewed from the numbering hub of Edinburgh.)
A720 Edinburgh Zone 6The A720 bypasses the numbering hub of Edinburgh, making numbering difficult; A720 was chosen for apparent importance. Most important 6-zone numbers were all used. Also notably distant from all other A72x roads.
A882 Highland Zone 9The A9 was rerouted to terminate at Scrabster rather than John O'Groats, leaving the A882 in zone 9.
A899 West Lothian Zone 7The A899 was extended south through Livingston new town, Scotland.
A904 Falkirk Zone 8The A9 was rerouted to bypass Falkirk town centre.
A949 Highland Zone 8The A949 used to be part of the A9.
A1000 Hertfordshire Zone 6The A1000 used to be part of the A1.
A1057 Hertfordshire Zone 6The A1057 used to be part of the A1.
A1068 Northumberland Zone 6The A1 was rerouted around Alnwick, leaving the end of A1068 out-of-zone.
A1081 Hertfordshire Zone 6The A1081 used to be part of the A6.
A1246 North Yorkshire Zone 6The A1246 used to be part of the A1.
A3023 Hampshire Zone 2The A3023 was originally the B2149.
A3100 Surrey Zone 2The A3100 used to be part of the A3.
A3400 Warwickshire Zone 4The road was numbered to reflect its history as the old A34.
A4174 Bristol Zone 3The A4174 is part of the Bristol outer ring road. It was entirely in zone 4 but has been extended to the A4 and then south of it.
A4208 London Zone 3Truncation of the A4 left the A4208 out-of-zone.
A4300 Northamptonshire Zone 5The A4300 used to be part of the A43.
A4303 Leicestershire Zone 5The A4303 used to be part of the A427.
A4304 Leicestershire Zone 5The A4304 used to be part of the A427.
A4500 Northamptonshire Zone 5The A4500 used to be part of the A45.
A4501 Northamptonshire Zone 5The A4501 used to be part of the A45.
A5127 Staffordshire, West Midlands Zone 4The A5127 was extended south when the A38 bypassed Sutton Coldfield. The entire A5127 was part of the original route of the A38.
A5140 Bedfordshire Zone 4Much of the route became A421 when it was extended, leaving only the section in Bedford, which is out-of-zone as it is east of the A6.
A5153 Anglesey Zone 4The A5153 lies south of the A5.
A5154 Anglesey Zone 4The A5154 used to be part of the A5.
A5223 Telford Zone 4Route begins south of the A5.
A6004 Leicestershire Zone 5The A6004 used to be part of the A6.
A6010 Manchester Zone 5The A6010 is part of the Manchester ring road.
A6143 Manchester Zone 5The A6143 was originally part of the A57.
A6144 Trafford Zone 5The A6144 used to be the B5166, B5311 and B5158.
A6182 Doncaster Zone 1The A1 was rerouted leaving the A6182 out-of-zone.

B roads

Road numberLocationTrespassed zoneReason
B197HertfordshireZone 6The B197 used to be part of the A1
B316LondonZone 4A4 rerouted
B325LondonZone 4A4 rerouted
B384West MidlandsZone 4Used to be part of the A38, and numbered to match. (Initially numbered B38 by Birmingham City Council.)
B455LondonZone 3A4 rerouted
B470 Windsor and MaidenheadZone 3
B576NorthamptonshireZone 6A6 rerouted
B589LoughboroughZone 6Route now runs on the wrong side of the A6.
B645NorthamptonshireZone 5A6 rerouted
B704MidlothianZone 6Extends through Gorebridge whilst A7 forms western bypass.
B708West LothianZone 8Was previously numbered as B8708 [2] in keeping with the scheme.
B855HighlandZone 9The A9 was rerouted west of this road, to end at Scrabster.
B876HighlandZone 9The A9 was rerouted west of this road, to end at Scrabster.
B1043CambridgeshireZone 6The B1043 used to be part of the A1.
B1164NottinghamshireZone 6The B1164 used to be part of the A1.
B1198DurhamZone 6In County Durham the original A1 route (now A167), not the A1(M) motorway, forms the zone boundary.
B1217LeedsZone 6extended along old A642 when M1 extended
B1224North YorkshireZone 6In County Durham the original A1 route (now A167), not the A1(M) motorway, forms the zone boundary.
B1284DurhamZone 6In County Durham the original A1 route (now A167), not the A1(M) motorway, forms the zone boundary.
B1350EdinburghZone 9Although the B1350 is a continuation of London Road the remaining mile of the A1 is to the south at this point.
B2215SurreyZone 2The B2215 used to be part of the A3.
B3000SurreyZone 2A3 rerouted
B3004HampshireZone 2A3 rerouted
B3006HampshireZone 2A3 rerouted
B3345ReadingZone 4A4 rerouted
B3800West MidlandsZone 4The B3800 used to be part of the A4040.
B4640West BerkshireZone 3Formerly a portion of the pre-bypass A34; unknown why B4640 was chosen as it has no relation to the A34.
B4666Hinckley, LeicestershireZone 5The B4666 used to be part of the A47.
B4667Hinckley, LeicestershireZone 5The B4667 used to be part of the A447.
B4668Hinckley, LeicestershireZone 5The B4668 used to be part of the A47.
B4669LeicestershireZone 5Originally numbered B579 and later became A5070. A5070 was renumbered B4069 following completion of the M69, and gained its present number around 1990 as part of a renumbering plan in Hinckley.
B5010East MidlandsZone 6A5 rerouted
B5011BrownhillsZone 4Section north of the A5 declassified, leaving the southern section out-of-zone.
B5061ShropshireZone 4A5 rerouted
B5070WrexhamZone 4The B5070 used to be part of the A5.
B5072TelfordZone 4A correct zone B5072 existed in Nantwich until the 1930s. Became part of A530.
B5444SwanseaZone 4Originally part of the B4292 until it was upgraded in the 1960s as A4217. When the central section was rerouted, the bypassed section was returned to Class II status with the current number, despite it being a duplicate and out-of-zone.
B5477ShropshireZone 4This was, until renumbered in 2004, the northern section of the B4370 (Little Stretton - Church Stretton - All Stretton); additionally the number was (and remains) in separate use in Wallasey.
B6000DerbyZone 5A6 rerouted
B6184StockportZone 5The B6184 used to be part of the B5465.
B6241Preston, LancashireZone 5The B6241 was extended west of the A6.
B6280DarlingtonZone 1In County Durham the original A1 route (now A167), not the A1(M) motorway, forms the zone boundary.
B6291DurhamZone 1The original section within Zone 6 was renumbered to become an extension of the A688.
B6420NottinghamshireZone 1The A1 was re-routed, leaving its start-point out of zone.
B6469ManchesterZone 5Originally numbered A57 west of the A6 and A635 to the east; probably downgraded due to construction of the A57(M).
B6541MiddlesbroughZone 1The B6541 used to be part of the A66.
B7201Dumfries and GallowayZone 6The B7201 was part of the A7 before bypass of Canonbie; was B720 beforehand.
B8046West LothianZone 7The B8046 was extended beyond both the old A8 and the M8 as far as Mid Calder, absorbing the B767. [3]
B9080West LothianZone 8The B9080 used to be part of the A9.
B9150HighlandZone 8The B9150 used to be part of the A9.
B9163HighlandZone 8A9 rerouted
B9164HighlandZone 8A9 rerouted
B9169HighlandZone 8A9 rerouted
B9176HighlandZone 8The B9176 used to be part of the A9
B9177HighlandZone 8The B9177 used to be part of the A9

Irregularities not based on the zoning system

Road numberLocationReason
A135 Stockton-on-Tees The other A13x roads are in southern England.
A139 Stockton-on-Tees The other A13x roads are in southern England.
A176 Basildon, Essex The other A17x roads are in North Yorkshire or County Durham.
A180 Grimsby The other A18x roads are in the North-east. The A180 is numbered as an extension of the M180.
A249 Maidstone - Sheerness, Kent The other A24x roads are in Surrey.
A303 Hampshire - Somerset The other A30x roads are in Surrey and Southwest London.
A403 Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire The other A40x roads are in or around Greater London
A437 Hillingdon, Greater London The other A43x roads are in Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire or Warwickshire.
A491 Bromsgrove - Stourbridge The other A49x roads are in North Wales.
A500 Stoke-on-Trent "D"-roadThe other A50x roads are in London, southern England and Northamptonshire
A506 Liverpool The other A50x roads are in London, southern England and Northamptonshire
A598 Barnet, Greater London The other A59x roads are in Cumbria (but see A594 below)
A720 Edinburgh City Bypass, Edinburgh The other A72x roads are mostly to the south and southeast of Glasgow.
A1018 Tyne and Wear The other A101x roads are in East London and Essex
A1300 South Shields The other A130x roads are in Essex and Cambridgeshire.
A1305 Stockton-on-Tees The other A130x roads are in Essex and Cambridgeshire.
A2022 London & Surrey The other A202x roads are in Sussex.
A2219 Crawley The other A220x and A221x roads are in London.
A2220 Crawley The other A220x and A221x roads are in London, (there are no other A222x roads)
A3031 South London The other A303x roads are in Southwest England.
A3036 South London The other A303x roads are in Southwest England. The route used to be the A303, before it got moved to its current route.
A3113 London Heathrow Airport The other A311x roads are on the Isles of Scilly.
A4010 Buckinghamshire The other A401x roads are in Cheltenham and Bristol.
A4012 Bedfordshire The other A401x roads are in Cheltenham and Bristol.
A4020 West London The other A402x roads are in the West Midlands. The road is numbered after the A402 road, which the A4020 terminates on at its eastern end at Shepherd's Bush.
A4032 Bristol The other A403x roads are in the West Midlands.
A4041 West Midlands The other A404x roads are in the country of Wales.
A4053 Coventry Ring Road, Coventry The other A405x roads are in the country of Wales.
B77 MayboleAll other B roads in Great Britain are three or four digits.

Two clearly separate roads with the same number

Road numberLocationsNotes
A479 Brecon Beacons Wembley
A594 (Cumbria/Leicester) Cumbria Leicester The Cumbria version predates the Leicester version.
A728 South GlasgowNorth Glasgow
A1042 Redcar Norwich The Redcar version predates the Norwich version.
A1056 Newcastle upon Tyne Norwich The Newcastle version predates the Norwich version.
A1114 Chelmsford Gateshead
A1199 Islington Woodford Both are in Greater London.
A1243 Great Yarmouth Grimsby
A4102 Amblecote Merthyr Tydfil The Amblecote version predates the Merthyr Tydfil version.
A5028 Seacombe Northamptonshire
A5152 Wrexham Anglesey
A5271 Stoke-on-Trent Keswick, Cumbria
A6013 Derbyshire Kettering
B454 Kingsbury, London West London
B667 LeicesterThurmaston
B1140 NorwichWroxham
B1172 SpaldingNorfolk
B2122 SurreyBrighton
B3153 SomersetWeymouth
B3165 SomersetSurrey
B3206 DevonSurrey
B3330 WinchesterIsle of Wight
B3331 WinchesterIsle of Wight
B3440 Weston-super-MareDevon
B4065 DroitwichWarwickshire
B4082 WorcestershireCoventry
B4100 BirminghamOxfordshire, Warwickshire
B4104 MeridenKenilworth
B4105 CoventrySolihull
B4118 BirminghamCoventry
B4122 BirminghamWiltshire
B4587 DudleyWiltshire
B4624 LlandysulEvesham
B5120 DunstablePrestatyn
B5142 WirralWeaverham
B5144 WirralWeaverham
B5192 KirkbyKirkhamWirralOnly number that exists in three locations.
B5207 NethertonLancashire
B5210 Central WarringtonWarrington
B5444 MoldSwanseaThe Swansea version is out-of-zone.
B5477 WallaseyChurch StrettonThe Church Stretton version is out-of-zone.
B6135 DrighlingtonYorkshire
B6265 North YorkshireWest Yorkshire
B6322 HaltwhistleConsett
B6374 RoxburghshireDerbyshire
B6452 GalashielsRochdale
B9178 Dulnain BridgePeterhead

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M25 motorway</span> Orbital motorway around Greater London

The M25 or London Orbital Motorway is a major road encircling most of Greater London. The 117-mile-long (188 km) motorway is one of the most important roads in the UK and one of the busiest. Margaret Thatcher opened the final section in 1986, making the M25 the longest ring road in Europe upon opening. The Dartford Crossing completes the orbital route but is not classed as motorway; it is classed as a trunk road and designated as the A282. In some cases, including notable legal contexts such as the Communications Act 2003, the M25 is used as a de facto alternative boundary for Greater London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M3 motorway (Great Britain)</span> Major motorway in England

The M3 is a motorway in England, from Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey, to Eastleigh, Hampshire; a distance of approximately 59 miles (95 km). The route includes the Aldershot Urban Area, Basingstoke, Winchester, and Southampton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Britain road numbering scheme</span>

In Great Britain, there is a numbering scheme used to classify and identify all roads. Each road is given a single letter and a subsequent number. Though this scheme was introduced merely to simplify funding allocations, it soon became used on maps and as a method of navigation. There are two sub-schemes in use: one for motorways, and another for non-motorway roads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A2 road (England)</span> Road in southern England

The A2 is a major road in south-east England, connecting London with the English Channel port of Dover in Kent. This route has always been of importance as a connection between London and sea trade routes to Continental Europe. It was originally known as the Dover Road. The M2 motorway has replaced part of the A2 as the strategic route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M27 motorway</span> Motorway in Hampshire, England

The M27 is a motorway in Hampshire, England. It is 27.9 miles (44.9 km) long and runs between Cadnam and Portsmouth. It was opened in stages between 1975 and 1983, providing the largest two urban areas in Hampshire with a direct motorway link. An extension into the county of West Sussex was planned but never constructed. A number of smaller motorways were proposed, connecting the city centres of Southampton and Portsmouth to the motorway; of these only the M271 and M275 were built. Three sections of the M27 have since been widened to four lanes each way, the first between junctions 7 and 8, the second between junctions 3 and 4, and the third begins at the slip road where junction 11 joins until mid-way to junction 12.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Cycle Network</span> Bicycling route network in the UK

The National Cycle Network (NCN) was established to encourage cycling and walking throughout the United Kingdom, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant. However Sustrans themselves only own around 2% of the paths on the network, the rest being made of existing public highways and rights of way, and permissive paths negotiated by Sustrans with private landowners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spur route</span> Short road forming a branch from a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway

A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A10 road (England)</span> Road in England

The A10 is a major road in England which runs between The City of London and King's Lynn in Norfolk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A22 road</span> Road in southern England

The A22 is one of the two-digit major roads in the south east of England. Radial, it carries traffic from London to the Eastbourne area of the East Sussex coast, in which town it ends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A33 road</span> Major road in England

The A33 is a major road in the counties of Berkshire and Hampshire in southern England. The road currently runs in three disjoint sections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M26 motorway</span> Motorway in England

The M26 is a motorway in Kent, England. It is a short link between the M25 at Sevenoaks and the M20 near West Malling, which provides connectivity between southern England and the Channel ports in Kent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Switch Island</span> Road junction

Switch Island is a major road junction near Aintree in Merseyside, England, in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton. The junction is at the western terminus of both the M57 and M58 motorways, which converge on the A59 trunk road, the north-south route from Liverpool. The junction is also the terminus of the A5036, a road which serves the Port of Liverpool, and the A5758 which serves as a bypass for the village of Thornton.

A routenumber, designation or abbreviation is an identifying numeric designation assigned by a highway authority to a particular stretch of roadway to distinguish it from other routes and, in many cases, also to indicate its classification, general geographical location and/or orientation. The numbers chosen may be used solely for internal administrative purposes; however, in most cases they are also displayed on roadside signage and indicated on maps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruchazie</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Ruchazie is a neighbourhood in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated to the north-east of the city, bordered by Craigend and Garthamlock to the east and the open ground of Hogganfield Park and Lethamhill Golf Course to the north. Ruchazie is separated from Cranhill to the south and Riddrie to the west by the M8 motorway, previously the route of the Monkland Canal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shieldhall</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Shieldhall is a district in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated directly south of the River Clyde and is part of the wider Govan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roads in Northern Ireland</span>

The main roads in Northern Ireland are signed "M"/"A"/"B" as in Great Britain. Whereas the roads in Great Britain are numbered according to a zonal system, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland, though their numbering is separate from the system in England, Scotland and Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brettell Lane railway station</span> Disused railway station in Dudley

Brettell Lane railway station was a station on the Oxford-Worcester-Wolverhampton Line which served the town of Brierley Hill in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Driver location sign</span> British road marker post

Driver location signs are signs placed every 500 metres (550 yd) along each side of English motorways, and some other major English roads, to provide information that will allow motorists to know their precise location. As of July 2009, roads in England, but not Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, have these signs. This information might be useful in the event of an emergency or breakdown. They were first introduced in 2003, and they complement distance marker posts. Both types of sign display a unique location number. The number, although given without units, is the distance in kilometres from a designated datum location for the road, although signs meant for driver navigation are in miles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roads in Hungary</span> Public roads of Hungary

Public roads in Hungary are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sandyford, Glasgow</span> Area of Glasgow, Scotland

Sandyford is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is north of the River Clyde and forms part of the western periphery of the city centre. Formerly the name of a ward under Glasgow Town Council in the first part of the 20th century, it is within a continuous area of fairly dense urban development bordering several other neighbourhoods whose mutual boundaries have blurred over time, and is possibly less well known than all of the places which adjoin it, particularly Anderston and Finnieston.

References

  1. "Motorway Database - M48". CBRD. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
  2. "Side by side georeferenced maps viewer - Map images - National Library of Scotland".
  3. "Side by side georeferenced maps viewer - Map images - National Library of Scotland".