Atom is a system on a chip (SoC) platform designed for smartphones and tablet computers, launched by Intel in 2012. [1] It is a continuation of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on September 13, 2011 to provide support for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors. [2] This range competes with existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies such as Texas Instruments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung. [3] Unlike these companies, which use ARM-based CPUs designed from the beginning to consume very low power, Intel has adapted the x86-based Intel Atom line of CPU developed for low power usage in netbooks, to even lower power usage.
Since April 2012, several manufacturers have released Intel Atom-based tablets and phones as well as using the SoCs as a basis for other small form factor devices (e.g. mini PCs and stick PCs).
In April 2016, Intel announced a major restructuring, including the cancellation of the SoFIA platform. It was reported by many news outlets that Broxton (the final version in the Atom line) was cancelled. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Model number, SoC and platform codenames | Fabrication technology | CPU | GPU | Memory | Availability | Utilizing devices | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Instruction set | Microarchitecture | Model, frequency | Cache | Microarchitecture | Model, frequency | |||||
Atom Z2460 (Penwell, platform Medfield) [8] [9] | 32 nm High-κ/metal gate | x86 | Saltwell with HT [10] [11] | 1.6 GHz single-core | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB | PowerVR Series 5 (SGX) | 540 @ 400 MHz [11] (6.4 GFLOPs) | 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/s) [11] | Q2 2012 | |
Atom Z2480 (platform Medfield) | 2 GHz single-core [11] | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB | 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/s) [11] | Q3 2012 | List
| |||||
Atom Z2420 (Lexington, platform Medfield) [21] | 1.2 GHz single-core | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB | 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/s) | January 25, 2013 [22] | List
| |||||
Atom Z2760 (Cloverview, platform Clover Trail) [29] [30] | 1.8 GHz dual-core | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB (per core) | 545 @ 533 MHz [30] [31] (8.5 GFLOPs) | 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/s) [31] | Q4 2012 | List
| ||||
Atom Z2520 (Cloverview, platform Clover Trail+) [47] | 1.2 GHz dual-core | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB (per core) | PowerVR Series 5XT (SGX) | 544 MP2 @ 300 MHz [47] (19.2 GFLOPs) | 32-bit Dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR2-1066 (8.5 GB/s) [47] | 2013 | List
| |||
Atom Z2560 (Cloverview, platform Clover Trail+) [47] | 1.6 GHz dual-core | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB (per core) | 544 MP2 @ 400 MHz [47] (25.6 GFLOPs) | 32-bit Dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR2-1066 (8.5 GB/s) [48] | Q2 2013 | List
| ||||
Atom Z2580 (Cloverview, platform Clover Trail+) [53] | 2 GHz dual-core | L1: 32 KB Instruction + 24 KB Data, L2: 512 KB (per core) | 544 MP2 @ 533 MHz [47] (34.1 GFLOPs) | 32-bit Dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR2-1066 (8.5 GB/s) [54] | Q2 2013 | |||||
Atom Z3680 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [62] [63] | 22 nm | x86-64 | Silvermont [64] | 1.33 GHz (2 GHz burst frequency) | 1 MB L2 Cache [65] | Intel Gen 7 (Ivy Bridge) | 311-667 MHz | 64-bit single-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (8.5 GB/s) | Q3 2013 | |
Atom Z3680D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [62] [63] | 1.33 GHz (2 GHz burst frequency) dual-core [64] | 1 MB L2 Cache [65] | 313-688 MHz | 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/s) | Q3 2013 | |||||
Atom Z3740D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [62] [63] | 1.33 GHz (1.86 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 313-688 MHz | 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/s) | Q3 2013 | |||||
Atom Z3740 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [62] [63] | 1.33 GHz (1.86 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 311-667 MHz | 64-bit dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/s) | Q3 2013 | List
| ||||
Atom Z3745D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) | 1.33 GHz (1.83 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 313-792 MHz | 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/s) | Q1 2014 | |||||
Atom Z3745 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) | 1.33 GHz (1.86 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 311-778 MHz | 64-bit dual-channel 666 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/s) | Q1 2014 | List
| ||||
Atom Z3770D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [62] [63] | 1.5 GHz (2.41 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 313-688 MHz | 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/s) | Q3 2013 | |||||
Atom Z3770 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [62] [63] | 1.46 GHz (2.39 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 311-667 MHz | 64-bit dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/s) | Q3 2013 | List
| ||||
Atom Z3775 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) | 1.46 GHz (2.39 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 311-778 MHz | 64-bit dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/s) | Q1 2014 | Asus Transformer Book T90 Chi | ||||
Atom Z3795 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) | 1.59 GHz (2.39 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [64] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 311-778 MHz | 64-bit dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/s) | Q1 2014 | HP ElitePad 1000 G2 | ||||
Atom Z3735D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [76] | 1.33 GHz (1.83 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [76] | 2 MB L2 Cache [66] | 311-667 MHz | 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/s) [76] | Q1 2014 [76] | Asus X205, Tesco Hudl2, MeeGoPad T02 [77] | ||||
Atom Z3736D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail) [78] | 1.33 GHz (1.83 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [78] | 2 MB L2 Cache [78] | 311-646 MHz [78] | 64-bit single-channel DDR3L-RS 1333 [78] | Q1 2014 [78] | HP Pavilion x2 [79] | ||||
Atom Z3460 (Tangier, platform Merrifield) [80] | 1.60 GHz dual-core | 1 MB L2 Cache [81] | PowerVR Series6 (Rogue) G6400 [82] | 400-457 MHz [81] (117 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1066, dual-channel, 8.5 GB/s | Q2 2014 [76] [80] | 2014 Dell Venue 7 | |||
Atom Z3480 (Tangier, platform Merrifield) [80] | 2.13 GHz dual-core | 1 MB L2 Cache [81] | 457-533 MHz [81] (136 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1066, dual-channel, 8.5 GB/s | Q2 2014 [76] [80] | 2014 Dell Venue 8 | ||||
Atom Z3530 (Anniedale, platform Moorefield) | 1.33 GHz quad-core | 2 MB L2 Cache | PowerVR Series6 (Rogue) G6430 [82] | 457 MHz (117 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1600, dual-channel, 12.8 GB/s | Q4 2014 [76] [80] | List
| |||
Atom Z3560 (Anniedale, platform Moorefield) [80] | 1.83 GHz quad-core | 2 MB L2 Cache | 457–533 MHz (136 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1600, dual-channel, 12.8 GB/s | Q4 2014 [76] [80] | List
| ||||
Atom Z3570 (Anniedale, platform Moorefield) | 2 GHz quad-core | 2 MB L2 Cache | 457–640 MHz (155 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1600, dual-channel, 12.8 GB/s | Q3 2014 | |||||
Atom Z3580 (Anniedale, platform Moorefield) [80] | 2.33 GHz quad-core | 2 MB L2 Cache | 457–533 MHz (136 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1600, dual-channel, 12.8 GB/s | Q4 2014 [76] [80] | |||||
Atom Z3590 (Anniedale, platform Moorefield) | 2.5 GHz quad-core | 2 MB L2 Cache | 457–640 MHz (155 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1600, dual-channel, 12.8 GB/s | Q3 2015 | Asus Zenfone 2 Deluxe Special Edition (ZE551ML) Asus Zenfone Zoom (ZX550ML/ZX551ML) [84] | ||||
Atom x5-Z8300 (Cherryview, platform Cherry Trail) | 14 nm | x86-64 | Airmont | 1.44 GHz (1.84 GHz burst frequency) quad-core | 2 MB L2 Cache | Intel Gen 8 (Broadwell, 12 EU) | 200–500 MHz (96 GFLOPs) | DDR3L-RS 1600, single-channel, 12.8 GB/s | Q2 2015 | |
Atom x5-Z8350 (Cherryview, platform Cherry Trail) | 1.44 GHz (1.92 GHz burst frequency) quad-core | 200–500 MHz (96 GFLOPs) | Q1 2016 | RDP Thinbook (new 14.1-inch mid-2017), RDP Thinbook (11.6-inch) [89] | ||||||
Atom x5-Z8500 (Cherryview, platform Cherry Trail) | 1.44 GHz (2.24 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [90] | 200–600 MHz (115 GFLOPs) | LPDDR3-1600, dual-channel, 25.6 GB/s | Q1 2015 | ||||||
Atom x5-Z8550 (Cherryview, platform Cherry Trail) | 1.44 GHz (2.4 GHz burst frequency) quad-core [90] | 200–600 MHz (115 GFLOPs) | Q1 2016 | Lenovo Yoga Book [95] | ||||||
Atom x7-Z8700 (Cherryview, platform Cherry Trail) | 1.6 GHz (2.4 GHz burst frequency) quad-core | Intel Gen 8 (Broadwell, 16 EU) | 200–600 MHz (153 GFLOPs) | Q1 2015 | Surface 3, Acer Predator 8, GPD Win | |||||
Atom x7-Z8750 (Cherryview, platform Cherry Trail) | 1.6 GHz (2.56 GHz burst frequency) quad-core | 200–600 MHz (153 GFLOPs) | Q1 2016 | GPD Pocket | ||||||
Broxton, platforms Morganfield and Willow Trail | Goldmont | — | Intel Gen 9 (Skylake) | 2016 |
In Q1 2014, Intel launched its fully Android compatible smartphone platform Merrifield based on a 22 nm SoC. It was followed by its platform refresh Moorefield in Q4 2014. [76]
While Penwell SoC supports, in addition to Microsoft Windows, both Linux and Android operating systems, Intel has announced that it will not provide support for Linux on Cloverview family of Atom systems-on-a-chip. [96] [97] This announcement has caused strong negative reaction from open source proponents. [98] A few days later Intel issued a statement saying that it has “plans for another version of this platform directed at Linux/Android" [98] [99] The initial Clover Trail platform only supported Microsoft Windows (z27x0 series). The Clover Trail+ platform was later released targeting Google Android (z25x0 series). [100]
The last version of Windows 10 to support Cloverview is the Anniversary Update (version 1607) until January 10, 2023 when the last public security patch KB5022289 was released; [101] later versions of Windows 10 and all versions of Windows 11 cannot be installed. [102] [103] [104]
Z2760 Cloverview has introduced two new power states: S0i1 and S0i3. [105] The S0i1 state is intended to be used when the display is on but the user does not actively interact with the device; it consumes power in mW range, and can be entered/left in microseconds. The S0i3 state is intended to be used when the device display is off; it consumes power in microwatt range, and can be entered/left in milliseconds. As a result, Intel claims longer standby battery life (up to three weeks for a typical tablet). [105]
This section needs to be updated.(May 2016) |
In May 2011, Intel announced an accelerated roadmap for Atom SoC. The 22 nm Silvermont microarchitecture was scheduled for 2013 release, and release of the 14 nm Airmont microarchitecture was scheduled for 2014. [106]
It has been reported that Silvermont-based Atom SoCs will be codenamed Tangier (Merrifield smartphones), Valleyview (Bay Trail tablets), [107] [108] will be available in single-, dual- and quad-core versions, and Valleyview will include Intel's 7th generation GPU, allowing for 4–7× improvement over existing Atom GPUs. [109] [110]
Other upcoming Silvermont-based Atom SoCs include Rangeley [111] and Avoton [112] (part of Edisonville platform).
Airmont-based Atom platforms will be codenamed Moorefield (smartphones) [113] and Cherry Trail (tablets) [114] [115] using the Anniedale and Cherryview [116] SoCs.
Goldmont-based Atom platforms were to be codenamed Morganfield (smartphones) and Willow Trail (tablets) using the Broxton SoC. [113] The Willow Trail SoC platform was cancelled in April 2016, as Broxton is limited to IoT devices. [117]
A netbook is a small and inexpensive laptop designed primarily as a means of accessing the Internet. Netbooks were sold from 2007 until around 2013, when the widespread advent of smartphones and tablets eclipsed their popularity.
A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package. Tablets, being computers, have similar capabilities, but lack some input/output (I/O) abilities that others have. Modern tablets largely resemble modern smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens 7 inches (18 cm) or larger, measured diagonally, and may not support access to a cellular network. Unlike laptops, tablets usually run mobile operating systems, alongside smartphones.
A mobile Internet device (MID) is a multimedia capable mobile device providing wireless Internet access. They are designed to provide entertainment, information and location-based services for personal or business use. They allow 2-way communication and real-time sharing. They have been described as filling a niche between smartphones and tablet computers.
Intel Atom is a line of IA-32 and x86-64 instruction set ultra-low-voltage processors by Intel Corporation designed to reduce electric consumption and power dissipation in comparison with ordinary processors of the Intel Core series. Atom is mainly used in netbooks, nettops, embedded applications ranging from health care to advanced robotics, mobile Internet devices (MIDs) and phones. The line was originally designed in 45 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology and subsequent models, codenamed Cedar, used a 32 nm process.
This is a list of tablet computers, grouped by intended audience and form factor.
Nvidia Ion was a product line of Nvidia Corporation intended for motherboards of low-cost portable computers. It used graphics processing units and chipsets intended for small products.
Rockchip is a Chinese fabless semiconductor company based in Fuzhou, Fujian province. Rockchip has been providing SoC products for tablets & PCs, streaming media TV boxes, AI audio & vision, IoT hardware since founded in 2001. It has offices in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Hong Kong. It designs system on a chip (SoC) products, using the ARM architecture licensed from ARM Holdings for the majority of its projects.
The history of tablet computers and the associated special operating software is an example of pen computing technology, and thus the development of tablets has deep historical roots. The first patent for a system that recognized handwritten characters by analyzing the handwriting motion was granted in 1914. The first publicly demonstrated system using a tablet and handwriting recognition instead of a keyboard for working with a modern digital computer dates to 1956.
The Dell Venue is a line of Android smartphones and tablets manufactured by Dell. The first Dell Venue was released for both T-Mobile and AT&T in the United States, and for KT in South Korea. It was the second Dell smartphone to be released in the US and features the Dell Stage UI also found on the Dell Streak line of tablets. As of 2011, it was the only Android device the United States Department of Defense has approved for its employees use. Since then, there have been other approved devices.
A 2-in-1 laptop, also known as 2-in-1 PC, 2-in-1 tablet, laplet, tabtop, laptop tablet, or simply 2-in-1, is a portable computer that has features of both tablets and laptops.
The ThinkPad X series is a line of laptop computers and convertible tablets produced by Lenovo with less power than its other counterparts. It was initially produced by IBM until 2005.
Lenovo smartphones are marketed as the "LePhone" in Mainland China and the "IdeaPhone" overseas are smartphones designed and manufactured by the Motorola Mobility, ZUK Mobile and Medion, divisions of Lenovo. On April 27, 2017, Lenovo announced that the ZUK brand would cease operations. In 2015, Lenovo subsumed its own smartphone division into the acquired Motorola brand.
The IdeaPad tablets from Lenovo were a brand of consumer-oriented tablet computers designed for home use or entertainment, as opposed to the business-focused ThinkPad Tablet series. Devices sold in certain countries, such as China, India and New Zealand, were sold under the LePad brand, similar to the LePhone series of smartphones. IdeaPad-branded tablets have been produced with the Android and Windows operating systems.
Lenovo Yoga is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers, tablets, and all-in-one computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo, named for their ability to assume multiple form factors due to a hinged screen. The line currently competes against other 2-in-1 PCs such as the HP Spectre.
Windows RT is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft. It is a version of Windows 8 or Windows 8.1 built for the 32-bit ARM architecture (ARMv7). First unveiled in January 2011 at Consumer Electronics Show, the Windows RT 8 operating system was officially launched alongside Windows 8 on October 26, 2012, with the release of three Windows RT-based devices, including Microsoft's original Surface tablet. Unlike Windows 8, Windows RT is only available as preloaded software on devices specifically designed for the operating system by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
The ThinkPad Tablet 2 is a tablet computer announced in 2012 and released by Lenovo in 2013.
Silvermont is a microarchitecture for low-power Atom, Celeron and Pentium branded processors used in systems on a chip (SoCs) made by Intel. Silvermont forms the basis for a total of four SoC families:
The Lenovo Miix was a series of multi-mode computing devices that function as both a tablet and a notebook computer.
Xolo, stylised as XOLO, is an Indian mobile handset brand by Lava International. It manufactures personal electronics devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops, and accessories such as powerbanks.
Lenovo ThinkPad 10 refers to two generations of 10-inch business-oriented tablet computers manufactured by Lenovo.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)