Intel Arc

Last updated

Intel Arc
Intel Arc logo (black).svg
Release dateMarch 30, 2022 (2022-03-30) [1]
Manufactured by TSMC
Designed by Intel
Marketed byIntel
Codenames
  • Alchemist
  • Battlemage
  • Celestial
  • Druid
Architecture Intel Xe
Cores Up to 32 Xe cores
TransistorsUp to 21.7 billion
Fabrication process TSMC N5
TSMC N6
Cards
Entry-levelArc 3
Mid-rangeArc 5
High-endArc 7
API support
DirectX
OpenCL OpenCL 3.0 [a]
OpenGL OpenGL 4.6
Vulkan Vulkan 1.3
History
Predecessor

Intel Arc is a brand of graphics processing units designed by Intel. These are discrete GPUs mostly marketed for the high-margin gaming PC market. The brand also covers Intel's consumer graphics software and services.

Contents

Arc competes with Nvidia's GeForce and AMD's Radeon lines. [2] The Arc-A series for laptops was launched on March 30, 2022, with the A750 and A770 both released in Q3 2022. [3] [4] [5] Intel missed their initial Q2 2022 release target, with most discrete Arc GPUs not launching until October 2022. [6]

Intel officially launched the Arc Pro workstation GPUs on August 8, 2022. [7] [8]

Intel officially launched the 2nd generation Battlemage GPUs on December 3rd, 2024. [9] [10]

Etymology

According to Intel, the brand is named after the concept of story arcs found in video games. [11] Each generation of Arc is named after character classes sorted by each letter of the Latin alphabet in ascending order. They begin with A, then B, then C, and so on. The first generation is named Alchemist, while Battlemage, Celestial and Druid are the respective names for the second, third and fourth Arc generations. [12]

Graphics processor generations

Alchemist

An Intel Arc A770 16 GB, the highest-end desktop GPU from Intel's first generation Alchemist GPUs, with a Rubik's Cube for scale Intel Arc A770 with Rubik's Cube-2.jpg
An Intel Arc A770 16 GB, the highest-end desktop GPU from Intel's first generation Alchemist GPUs, with a Rubik's Cube for scale

Developed under the previous codename "DG2", the first generation of Intel Arc GPUs (codenamed "Alchemist") released on March 30, 2022. [1] [13] It comes in both add-on desktop card and laptop form factors. TSMC manufactures the die, using their N6 process. [14]

Alchemist uses the Intel Xe GPU architecture, or more specifically, the Xe-HPG variant. Alchemist supports hardware-based ray tracing, XeSS or supersampling based on neural networks (similar to Nvidia's DLSS and AMD's FSR), and DirectX 12 Ultimate. [1] [15] Also supported are DisplayPort 2.0 and overclocking. AV1 fixed-function hardware encoder is included in Alchemist GPUs as part of the Intel Quick Sync Video core. [16]

Intel confirmed ASTC support has been removed from hardware starting with Alchemist and future Arc GPU microarchitectures will also not support it. [17]

Arc Alchemist does not support SR-IOV [18] or Direct3D 9 natively, instead falling back on the D3D9On12 wrapper which translates Direct3D 9 calls to their Direct3D 12 equivalents. [19] [20]

Arc support OpenCL 3.0 [note 1] for example, this GPU can work in the grid World Community Grid. [21]

Display connections: DisplayPort 2.0 (40 Gbit/s bandwidth) and HDMI 2.1

Desktop

Branding and Model [22] LaunchMSRP
(USD)		Code nameProcessTransistors (billion)Die size
(mm2)		Core config [b] L2 cache Clock rate
(MHz) [c] 		Fillrate MemoryProcessing power (TFLOPS)TDPBus
interface
Pixel
(GP/s)		Texture
(GT/s)		TypeSize (GB)Bandwidth
(GB/s)		Bus widthClock
(MT/s)		 Half
precision
(base)		 Single
precision
(base)		 Double
precision
(base)
Arc 3 A310 Sep 28, 2022$110ACM-G11
(DG2-128)		 TSMC
N6 		7.21576 Xe cores
768:32:16:6
(192:96:2)		4 MB2000
2000		3264 GDDR6 4 GB12464-bit155006.1443.0720.76875 W PCIe 4.0 x8
A380 Jun 14, 2022$1398 Xe cores
1024:64:32:8
(256:128:2)		2000
2050		64
65.6		128
131.2		6 GB18696-bit8.192
8.3968		4.096
4.1984		1.024
1.0496
Arc 5 A580 Oct 10, 2023$179ACM-G10
(DG2-512)		21.740624 Xe cores
3072:192:96:24
(768:384:6)		8 MB1700
1700		163.2326.48 GB512256-bit1600020.89010.4452.611175 W PCIe 4.0 x16
Arc 7 A750 Oct 14, 2022$28928 Xe cores
3584:224:112:28
(896:448:7)		16 MB2050
2400		229.6
268.8		393.6
460.8		29.3888
34.4064		14.6944
17.2032		3.6736
4.3008		225 W
A770 8GB $32932 Xe cores
4096:256:128:32
(1024:512:8)		2100
2400		268.8
307.2		537.6
614.4		34.4064
39.3216		17.2032
19.6608		4.3008
4.9152
A770 16GB $34916 GB56017500
  1. ↑ In OpenCL 3.0, OpenCL 1.2 functionality has become a mandatory baseline, while all OpenCL 2.x and OpenCL 3.0 features were made optional.
  2. ↑ Shading cores (ALU): texture mapping units (TMU): render output units (ROP): ray tracing units
       (tensor cores (XMX): execution units: render slices)
  3. ↑ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.

Mobile

Branding and Model [23] LaunchCode nameProcessTransistors (billion)Die size
(mm2)		Core config [a] [b] L2
cache 		Core clock
(MHz) [c] 		Fillrate [d] MemoryProcessing power (TFLOPS) TDP Bus
interface
Pixel
(GP/s)		Texture
(GT/s)		TypeSizeBandwidth
(GB/s)		Bus widthClock
(MT/s)		 Half
precision 		Single
precision 		Double
precision
Arc 3 A350M Mar 30, 2022ACM-G11
(DG2-128)		 TSMC
N6 		7.21576 Xe cores
768:48:24:6
(96:96:2)		4 MB1150
2200		27.6
52.8		55.2
105.6		 GDDR6 4 GB11264-bit140003.5328
6.7584		1.7664
3.3792		0.4416
0.8448		25–35 W PCIe 4.0 ×8
A370M 8 Xe cores
1024:64:32:8
(128:128:2)		1550
2050		49.6
65.6		99.2
131.2		6.3488
8.3968		3.1744
4.1984		0.7936
1.0496		35–50 W
Arc 5 A530M Q3 2023ACM-G12
(DG2-256)		12 Xe cores
1536:96:48:12
(192:192:3)		8 MB13004 GB
8 GB		224128-bit65–95 W
A550M Q2 2022ACM-G10
(DG2-512)		21.740616 Xe cores
2048:128:64:16
(256:256:4)		900
1700		57.6
108.8		115.2
217.6		8 GB7.3728
13.9264		3.6864
6.9632		0.9216
1.7408		60–80 W
A570M Q3 2023ACM-G12
(DG2-256)		130075–95 W
Arc 7 A730M Q2 2022ACM-G10
(DG2-512)		21.740624 Xe cores
3072:192:96:24
(384:384:6)		12 MB1100
2050		105.6
196.8		211.2
393.6		12 GB336192-bit13.5168
25.1904		6.7584
12.5952		1.6896
3.1488		80–120 W PCIe 4.0 ×16
A770M 32 Xe cores
4096:256:128:32
(512:512:8)		16 MB1650
2050		211.2
262.4		422.4
524.8		16 GB512256-bit1600027.0336
33.5872		13.5168
16.7936		3.3792
4.1984		120–150 W
  1. ↑ Shading cores (ALU): texture mapping units (TMU): render output units (ROP): ray tracing units
       (tensor cores (XMX): execution units: render slices)
  2. ↑ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of texture mapping units (TMUs) multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. ↑ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  4. ↑ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the lowest of three numbers: number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed, number of rasterizers multiplied by the number of fragments they can generate per rasterizer multiplied by the base core clock speed, and the number of streaming multiprocessors multiplied by the number of fragments per clock that they can output multiplied by the base clock rate.

Workstation

Branding and Model [24] LaunchCode nameProcessTransistors (billion)Die size
(mm2)		Core config [a] L2
cache 		Core clock
(MHz) [b] 		Fillrate [c] [d] MemoryProcessing power (TFLOPS) TDP Bus
interface
Pixel
(GP/s)		Texture
(GT/s)		TypeSizeBandwidth
(GB/s)		Bus widthClock
(MT/s)		 Half
precision 		Single
precision 		Double
precision
Arc Pro A30M
(Mobile) 		Aug 8, 2022ACM-G11
(DG2-128)		 TSMC
N6 		7.21578 Xe cores
1024:64:32:8
(128:128:2)		4 MB1550 GDDR6 4 GB11264-bit14000
4.20 [24] 		50 W PCIe 4.0 x8
A40 6 GB19296-bit16000
5.02 [24]
A50 205075 W
A60M
(Mobile) 		June 6, 2023ACM-G12
(DG2-256)		16 Xe cores
2048:128:64:16
(256:256:4)		13008 GB256128-bit
9.42 [24] 		95 W PCIe 4.0 x16
A60 12 GB384192-bit
10.04 [24] 		130 W
  1. ↑ Shading cores (ALU): texture mapping units (TMU): render output units (ROP): ray tracing units
       (tensor cores (XMX): execution Units: render slices)
  2. ↑ Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  3. ↑ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the lowest of three numbers: number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed, number of rasterizers multiplied by the number of fragments they can generate per rasterizer multiplied by the base core clock speed, and the number of streaming multiprocessors multiplied by the number of fragments per clock that they can output multiplied by the base clock rate.
  4. ↑ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of texture mapping units (TMUs) multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.

Battlemage

Battlemage (Xe2) is the second generation Xe architecture that debuted with its low power variant in Lunar Lake mobile processors that released in September 2024. [25] On December 3, 2024, Intel announced two Arc B-Series desktop graphics cards based on the Xe2-HPG graphics architecture. [26]

SKUReleasedLaunch
MSRP
(USD)		 GPU
Die
Transistors (billion)
Die
size		Core Cache Memory Fillrate [a] [b] Processing power (TFLOPS)Interface TDP
Config [c] Clock
(MHz) [d] 		L1L2TypeSizeClock
(Gb/s)		Band-
width
(GB/s)		Bus
width		Pixel
(Gpx/s)		Texture
(Gtex/s)		 FP16 FP32 FP64

Arc
5		 B570 Jan 16, 2025$219BMG-G2119.6272 mm218 Xe Cores (144)
2304:144:72:18:144		1700
2600		4.5 MB10 MB GDDR6 10 GB19.0380160-bit122.4
208.0		244.8
374.4		 PCIe 4.0
x8		150 W
B580 Dec 13, 2024$24920 Xe Cores (160)
2560:160:80:20:160		1700
2800		5 MB12 MB12 GB456192-bit136.0
224.0		272.0
448.0		190 W
  1. ↑ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of render output units (ROPs) multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  2. ↑ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of texture mapping units (TMUs) multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. ↑ Xe2-HPG Cores (Xe Vector Engines)
    Unified Shaders  : Texture Mapping Units  : Render Output Units  : Ray Tracing Cores  : XMX Cores
  4. ↑ Core boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italics.

Future generations

Intel also revealed future generations of Intel Arc GPUs under development: Celestial (Xe3), and Druid (Xe4). [27] [5]

Intel revealed that Meteor Lake and later generations of CPU SoCs uses an Intel Arc Tile GPU. [28] [29]

Intel XeSS

Intel XeSS is a real-time deep learning image upsampling technology developed primarily for use in video games as a competitor to Nvidia's DLSS and AMD's FSR technologies. Additionally, XeSS is not restricted to Arc graphics cards. It utilizes XMX instructions exclusive to Arc graphics cards, but will fall back to utilizing DP4a instructions on competing GPUs that have support for DP4a instructions. XeSS is trained with 64 samples per pixel as opposed to Nvidia DLSS's 16 samples per pixel (16K reference images). [30] [31]

Standard XeSS quality presets [32]
Quality preset [a] Scale factor [b] Render scale [c]
Ultra Quality1.30×77.0%
Quality1.50×66.7%
Balanced1.70×58.8%
Performance2.00×50.0%
Ultra Performance3.00×33.3%
  1. ↑ The algorithm does not necessarily need to be implemented using these presets; it is possible for the implementer to define custom input and output resolutions.
  2. ↑ The linear scale factor used for upsampling the input resolution to the output resolution. For example, a scene rendered at 540p with a 2.00× scale factor would have an output resolution of 1080p.
  3. ↑ The linear render scale, compared to the output resolution, that the technology uses to render scenes internally before upsampling. For example, a 1080p scene with a 50% render scale would have an internal resolution of 540p.

Issues

Drivers

Performance on Intel Arc GPUs has suffered from poor driver support, particularly at launch. An investigation by Gamers Nexus discovered 43 known driver issues with Arc GPUs, prompting a response and acknowledgement of the issues from Intel. [33] [34] [35] Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger also blamed driver problems as a reason for Arc's delayed launch. [36] A beta driver from October 2022 accidentally reduced the memory clock by 9% on the Arc A770 from 2187 MHz to 2000 MHz, resulting in a 17% reduction in memory bandwidth. [37] This particular issue was later fixed. [38] Intel provides an open source driver for Linux. [39]

DirectX 9 compatibility

As of the Alchemist generation, Arc only includes direct hardware support for the DirectX 11 & 12 and Vulkan graphics APIs, with the older DirectX 9 & 10 and OpenGL APIs being supported via a real-time compatibility layer built into Intel's graphics driver. [40] As a result, Alchemist GPUs perform noticeably worse than competing Nvidia and AMD GPUs in software that can only use these older APIs, including multiple DirectX 9-based esports games such as Counter-Strike: Global Offensive , League of Legends and StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty . [41] There is also a performance gap between DirectX 11 and DirectX 12.

A December 2022 driver update improved Arc compatibility and performance with DirectX 9-based games. [42] According to Intel, the driver update made Arc GPUs up to 1.8x faster in DirectX 9 games. [43] A February 2023 driver update further improved Arc's performance on DirectX 9-based games. [44]

Legacy BIOS compatibility

Intel Arc requires a UEFI BIOS with resizable BAR support for optimal performance. [45]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ In OpenCL 3.0, OpenCL 1.2 functionality has become a mandatory baseline, while all OpenCL 2.x and OpenCL 3.0 features were made optional.

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References

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  2. ↑ Warren, Tom (August 16, 2021). "Intel enters the PC gaming GPU battle with Arc". The Verge. Archived from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Intel® Arc™ A750 Graphics - Product Specifications". Intel. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  4. ↑ Gartenberg, Chaim (March 30, 2022). "Intel's first Arc GPUs are now available for laptops". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  5. 1 2 "Intel Introduces New High-Performance Graphics Brand: Intel Arc". Intel. Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
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  7. ↑ "Intel Unveils Arc Pro GPU Products". Intel. August 8, 2022. Archived from the original on August 20, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
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  9. ↑ "Intel Launches Arc B-Series Graphics Cards". Intel. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  10. ↑ John Loeffler (December 3, 2024). "Intel announces its new Battlemage graphics cards, and they might just be the 1440p budget champions we've been waiting for". TechRadar. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
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  21. ↑ "Help". World Community Grid. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
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  23. ↑ "Intel Arc Graphics". Intel.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "Intel® Arc™ Pro A-Series Graphics". Intel.
  25. ↑ Lam, Chester (October 8, 2024). "Lunar Lake's iGPU: Debut of Intel's Xe2 Architecture". Chips and Cheese. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
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  32. ↑ Mujtaba, Hassan (March 24, 2022). "Intel Showcases Arc Alchemist GPU Performance With XeSS & Raytracing Enabled, Calls XeSS Better Than Temporal Upscaling". Wccftech. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  33. ↑ Gamers Nexus (August 1, 2022). "Worst We've Tested: Broken Intel Arc GPU Drivers". YouTube. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  34. ↑ McLoughlin, Aleksha (October 8, 2022). "Intel Arc driver issues – Are they fixed?". PC Guide. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  35. ↑ Pearce, Lisa (August 19, 2022). "Engineering Arc - 8/19/2022". Intel. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  36. ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (August 9, 2022). "Rumors, delays, and early testing suggest Intel's Arc GPUs are on shaky ground". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  37. ↑ "Some Intel Arc A770 Limited Edition GPUs may show up with lower memory clock". VideoCardz. October 24, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  38. ↑ Klotz, Aaron (October 28, 2022). "Intel Arc A770 GPU Memory Clock Bug Fixed With Driver Update". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  39. ↑ Larabel, Michael (August 25, 2022). "Intel Arc Graphics Running On Fully Open-Source Linux Driver". Phoronix. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  40. ↑ Roach, Jacob (August 22, 2022). "Bad news: Intel's Arc GPU issues run much deeper than performance". Digital Trends. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  41. ↑ Kan, Michael (December 7, 2022). "With New Driver, Intel Arc GPUs Run Older DirectX 9 Games Up to 79% Faster". PCMag. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  42. ↑ Shrout, Ryan (December 6, 2022). "Upward Trajectory: Improvements to DirectX 9 Games on Intel® Arc™ Graphics". Intel. Archived from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  43. ↑ "Intel Arc GPUs get performance boost for DirectX 9 games, CS:GO now up to 1.8x faster". VideoCardz. December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  44. ↑ "Intel Arc Graphics Updates, New Bundle, and Pricing". Intel. Archived from the original on October 1, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  45. ↑ "Intel® Arc™ A-Series Graphics – Desktop Quick Start..." Intel. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
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