List of semiconductor fabrication plants

Last updated

This is a list of semiconductor fabrication plants, factories where integrated circuits (ICs), also known as microchips, are manufactured. They are either operated by Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs) that design and manufacture ICs in-house and may also manufacture designs from design-only (fabless firms), or by pure play foundries that manufacture designs from fabless companies and do not design their own ICs. Some pure play foundries like TSMC offer IC design services, and others, like Samsung, design and manufacture ICs for customers, while also designing, manufacturing and selling their own ICs.

Contents

Glossary of terms

Open plants

Operating fabs include:

Number of open fabs currently listed here: 488

(NOTE: Some fabs located in Asia don't use the number 4, or any 2 digit number that adds up to 4, because it is considered bad luck; see tetraphobia.)

Closed plants

CompanyPlant NamePlant LocationPlant Cost (in US$ Billions)Started Production Wafer Size (mm)Process Technology Node (nm)Production Capacity (Wafers/Month)Technology / ProductsEnded Production
VEF Soviet Union,
Latvia,
Riga
1960Semi-secret government semiconductor fab and a major research center separated from the Russian military manufacturing complex by the collapse of the USSR.1999
Tower Semiconductor (formerly Micron)Fab 4 [382] Japan,
Hyōgo,
Nishiwaki
0.450 [1] 1992 [1] 2009560,000 [1] DRAM, foundry2014
Tower Semiconductor – TacomaChina,
Jiangsu,
Nanjing [383] [384]
halted, bankruptcy in June 2020 [385] 200, 300 (planned)Foundry2020
Fujian Jinhua (JHICC) [18] [386] [387] [388] F2China,
Fujian,
Jinjiang
5.65 [389] 2018 (planned)300 22 60,000DRAM [17] 2018
Decoma [18] F2China,
Jiangsu,
Huai'an
Under construction30020,0002020
Wuhan Hongxin Semiconductor Manufacturing (HSMC) [390] China,
Hubei,
Wuhan
2019 (halted)30014, 730,000 [391] Foundry2020
Tsinghua UnigroupUnigroup Guoxin (Unigroup, Xi'an UniIC Semiconductors Co., Ltd.) [18] SZChina,
Guangdong,
Shenzhen
12.5Planned30050,000DRAM2019 (just plan)
TSMC Fab 1 [230] [139] Taiwan
Hsinchu,
Baoshan
19871502000-80020,000Foundry, CMOS, BiCMOS2001, March 9
UMC Fab 1Japan,
Chiba,
Tateyama
0.543 [1] 1997 [1] 20040,000Foundry2012
SK Hynix E-4United States,
Oregon,
Eugene
1.3200720030,000DRAM2008 [392]
Symetrix – Panasonic [393] Brazil0.9 (planned)planned FeRAM (just plan)
Rohm (formerly Data General)United States,
California,
Sunnyvale [394]
Kioxia Fab 1 (at Yokkaichi Operations) [395] Japan,
Mie,
Yokkaichi
199220040035,000SRAM, DRAM2001, September
NEC Livingston [396] [87] United Kingdom,
Scotland,
West Lothian,
Livingston
4.5 (total)1981150, 200800–350, 250, 18030,000CMOS, DRAM, SRAM, MCUs, ASICs, DSPs2001, April
LFoundry  [ de ] (formerly Renesas Electronics) [397] Germany,
Bavaria,
Landshut
19922002011
LFoundry  [ de ](formerly Atmel) [398] France,
Bouches-du-Rhône,
Rousset
?20025.000 [399]
Atmel (formerly Siemens)Fab 9 [400] United Kingdom,
Tyne and Wear,
North Tyneside
1.53 [401] 1998 [402] DRAM [402] 2007 [403]
Microchip (formerly Atmel) [398] United States, Colorado, Colorado Springs150
EI Niš Ei PoluprovodniciSerbia,
Nišava,
Niš
19621002000
Plessey Semiconductors (formerly Plus Semi) (formerly MHS Electronics) (formerly Zarlink)(formerly Mitel) (formerly Plessey Semiconductors) [189] UK,
Wiltshire,
Swindon [1]
100, 150800, 5008,000Bipolar, ASICs, linear ICs
Telefunken Semiconductors  [ de ]Heilbronn, HNO-Line [189] Germany,
Baden-Württemberg,
Heilbronn
0.125 [1] 1993 [1] 100, 15080010,000Bipolar, CMOS, BiCMOS, GaAs, SiGe, ASICs, ASSPs, MCUs, discrete, optoelectronics2015
Qimonda Richmond [404] United States,
Virginia,
Richmond
320053006538,000DRAM2009, January
STMicroelectronics (formerly Nortel [204] ) [189] United States,
California,
San Diego,
Rancho Bernardo
100, 150800, 500NMOS, CMOS, BiCMOS2002 [405]
Freescale Semiconductor (formerly Motorola)Toulouse Fab [406] France,
Haute-Garonne,
Toulouse
1969150 650 Automotive2012 [407]
Freescale Semiconductor (formerly Motorola) (formerly Tohoku Semiconductor)Sendai Fab [408] Japan,
Miyagi,
Sendai
1987150, 200 500 DRAM, microcontrollers, analog, sensors2009?
Agere Systems (formerly Lucent)(formerly AT&T) [409] Spain,
Madrid,
Tres Cantos
0.67 [410] 1987 [411] 500, 350, 300CMOS2001
GMT Microelectronics (formerly Commodore Semiconductor) (formerly MOS Technology)United States,
Pennsylvania,
Audubon
1969
1976
1995
10001976
1992 [412]
2001
Integrated Device Technology United States,
California,
Salinas
1985150800-350 [413] 2002
ON Semiconductor (formerly Cherry Semiconductor) [414] United States,
Rhode Island,
East Greenwich
100, 150140010,000Bipolar, BiCMOS, Linear ICs and ASICs2004
ON Semiconductor (formerly Motorola) [414] United States,
Arizona,
Phoenix
1505000-50012,000MOS, power discrete2011
ON Semiconductor (formerly Motorola)Aizu Plant [414] Japan,
Aizu
100, 1501200, 100040,000CMOS, MCUs, logic and smart power ICs2012
ON Semiconductor (formerly Truesense Imaging, Kodak) Rochester United States,
New York,
Rochester [415]
150CCDs and Image Sensors2020
Intel Fab 8 [59] Israel,
Jerusalem District,
Jerusalem
1985150 Microprocessors, Chipsets, Microcontrollers [60] 2007
Intel Fab D2United States,
California,
Santa Clara
19892001308,000Microprocessors, Chipsets, Flash memory 2009
Intel Fab 17 [50] [49] United States,
Massachusetts,
Hudson
1998200 130 Chipsets and other [49] 2014
Fairchild Semiconductor (formerly National Semiconductor)West JordanUnited States,
Utah,
West Jordan
19771502015 [416]
Texas Instruments HFABUnited States,
Texas,
Houston
19671502013 [417]
Texas Instruments (formerly Silicon Systems)Santa CruzUnited States,
California,
Santa Cruz
0.250198015080080,000 HDD 2001
Texas Instruments (formerly National Semiconductor)ArlingtonUnited States,
Texas,
Arlington
198515080000, 350002010
Unknown (fortune 500 company)United States,
East Coast [418]
1501,600 MEMS 2016
Diodes Incorporated (formerly Lite-On Power Semiconductor) (formerly AT&T)KFABUnited States,
Missouri,
Lee's Summit
1994 [419] 1302017 [420]
Qorvo (formerly TriQuint Semiconductor) (formerly Sawtek)United States,
Florida,
Apopka [74] [421]
SAW filters 2019
GlobalFoundries Abu Dhabi [1] UAE,
Emirate of Abu Dhabi,
Abu Dhabi [1]
6.8 [1] (planned)2016 [1] (planned)300180-11045,000Foundry2011 (plan stopped)
GlobalFoundries – ChengduChina,
Sichuan,
Chengdu [422]
10 (planned)2018 (planned), 2019 (second phase)300 180/130 (cancelled), 22 (second phase)20,000 (85,000 planned)Foundry, FDSOI (second phase)2020 (was idle)
Tondi Elektroonika [423] A-1381Soviet Union,
Estonia,
Harju,
Tallinn
1958Radio equipment, Transisors, Photodiode1978
Intersil (formerly Harris Semiconductor, formerly GE, formerly RCA) [414] United States,
Ohio,
Findlay
1954100, 1252000, 1500, 120060,000CMOS, bipolar, BiCMOS, Semiconductors, Optoelectronics, Integrated Circuits, Research [424] 2003 [425]

Number of closed fabs currently listed here: 46

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semiconductor device fabrication</span> Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits

Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to manufacture semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuits (ICs) such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, and memories. It is a multiple-step photolithographic and physico-chemical process during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer, typically made of pure single-crystal semiconducting material. Silicon is almost always used, but various compound semiconductors are used for specialized applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wafer (electronics)</span> Thin slice of semiconductor used for the fabrication of integrated circuits

In electronics, a wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon, used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STMicroelectronics</span> Semiconductor device manufacturer

STMicroelectronics NV is a European multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is the largest of such companies in Europe. It was founded in 1987 from the merger of two state-owned semiconductor corporations: Thomson Semiconducteurs of France and SGS Microelettronica of Italy. The company is incorporated in the Netherlands and headquartered in Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland. Its shares are traded on Euronext Paris, the Borsa Italiana and the New York Stock Exchange.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TSMC</span> Taiwanese semiconductor foundry company

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited is a Taiwanese multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is the world's most valuable semiconductor company, the world's largest dedicated independent ("pure-play") semiconductor foundry, and Taiwan's largest company, with headquarters and main operations located in the Hsinchu Science Park in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Although the central government of Taiwan is the largest individual shareholder, the majority of TSMC is owned by foreign investors. In 2023, the company was ranked 44th in the Forbes Global 2000. Taiwan's exports of integrated circuits amounted to $184 billion in 2022, accounted for nearly 25 percent of Taiwan's GDP. TSMC constitutes about 30 percent of the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main index.

The semiconductor industry is the aggregate of companies engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductors and semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. It's roots can be traced to the invention of the transistor by Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen at Bell Labs in 1948. Bell Labs licensed the technology for $25,000, and soon many companies, including Motorola (1952), Schockley Semiconductor (1955), Sylvania, Centralab, Fairchild Semiconductor and Texas Instruments were making transistors. In 1958 Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild independently invented the Integrated Circuit, a method of producing multiple transistors on a single "chip" of Semiconductor material. This kicked off a number of rapid advances in fabrication technology leading to the exponential growth in semiconductor device production, known as Moore's law that has persisted over the past six or so decades. The industry's annual semiconductor sales revenue has since grown to over $481 billion, as of 2018.

The foundry model is a microelectronics engineering and manufacturing business model consisting of a semiconductor fabrication plant, or foundry, and an integrated circuit design operation, each belonging to separate companies or subsidiaries. It was first conceived by Morris Chang, the founder of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited (TSMC).

Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in the United States, mainland China, and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.

The 90 nm process refers to the technology used in semiconductor manufacturing to create integrated circuits with a minimum feature size of 90 nanometers. It was an advancement over the previous 130 nm process. Eventually, it was succeeded by smaller process nodes, such as the 65 nm, 45 nm, and 32 nm processes.

Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Inc. (CSM), was a Singaporean semiconductor company.

An integrated device manufacturer (IDM) is a semiconductor company which designs, manufactures, and sells integrated circuit (IC) products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Microelectronics Corporation</span> Taiwanese semiconductor foundry

United Microelectronics Corporation is a Taiwanese company based in Hsinchu, Taiwan. It was founded as Taiwan's first semiconductor company in 1980 as a spin-off of the government-sponsored Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semiconductor fabrication plant</span> Factory where integrated circuits are manufactured

In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant, also called a fab or a foundry, is a factory where integrated circuits (ICs) are manufactured.

The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device. It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity. The rate at which MOS transistor counts have increased generally follows Moore's law, which observes that transistor count doubles approximately every two years. However, being directly proportional to the area of a die, transistor count does not represent how advanced the corresponding manufacturing technology is. A better indication of this is transistor density which is the ratio of a semiconductor's transistor count to its die area.

The "14 nanometer process" refers to a marketing term for the MOSFET technology node that is the successor to the "22 nm" node. The "14 nm" was so named by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Until about 2011, the node following "22 nm" was expected to be "16 nm". All "14 nm" nodes use FinFET technology, a type of multi-gate MOSFET technology that is a non-planar evolution of planar silicon CMOS technology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multigate device</span> MOS field-effect transistor with more than one gate

A multigate device, multi-gate MOSFET or multi-gate field-effect transistor (MuGFET) refers to a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that has more than one gate on a single transistor. The multiple gates may be controlled by a single gate electrode, wherein the multiple gate surfaces act electrically as a single gate, or by independent gate electrodes. A multigate device employing independent gate electrodes is sometimes called a multiple-independent-gate field-effect transistor (MIGFET). The most widely used multi-gate devices are the FinFET and the GAAFET, which are non-planar transistors, or 3D transistors.

A three-dimensional integrated circuit is a MOS integrated circuit (IC) manufactured by stacking as many as 16 or more ICs and interconnecting them vertically using, for instance, through-silicon vias (TSVs) or Cu-Cu connections, so that they behave as a single device to achieve performance improvements at reduced power and smaller footprint than conventional two dimensional processes. The 3D IC is one of several 3D integration schemes that exploit the z-direction to achieve electrical performance benefits in microelectronics and nanoelectronics.

GlobalFoundries Inc. is a multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and headquartered in Malta, New York. Created by the divestiture of the manufacturing arm of AMD, the company was privately owned by Mubadala Investment Company, a sovereign wealth fund of the United Arab Emirates, until an initial public offering (IPO) in October 2021.

In semiconductor manufacturing, the 3nm process is the next die shrink after the 5 nm MOSFET technology node. South Korean chipmaker Samsung started shipping its 3 nm gate all around (GAA) process, named 3GAA, in mid-2022. On 29 December 2022, Taiwanese chip manufacturer TSMC announced that volume production using its 3 nm semiconductor node (N3) was underway with good yields. An enhanced 3 nm chip process called "N3E" may have started production in 2023. American manufacturer Intel planned to start 3 nm production in 2023.

The semiconductor industry, including Integrated Circuit (IC) manufacturing, design, and packaging, forms a major part of Taiwan's IT industry. Due to its strong capabilities in OEM wafer manufacturing and a complete industry supply chain, Taiwan has been able to distinguish itself as a leading microchip manufacturer and dominate the global marketplace. Taiwan’s semiconductor sector accounted for US$115 billion, around 20 percent of the global semiconductor industry. In sectors such as foundry operations, Taiwanese companies account for 50 percent of the world market, with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) the biggest player in the foundry market.

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