Blood type distribution by country

This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.

ABO and Rh distribution by country

ABO and Rh blood type distribution by country & dependency (population averages)

Country/Dependency	Population [1]	O+	A+	B+	AB+	O−	A−	B−	AB−
Albania [2]	3,074,579	34.1%	31.2%	14.5%	5.2%	6.0%	5.5%	2.6%	0.9%
Algeria [3]	43,576,691	40.0%	30.0%	15.0%	4.25%	6.6%	2.3%	1.1%	0.75%
Argentina [4]	45,479,118	50.34%	31.09%	8.20%	2.16%	4.29%	2.98%	0.74%	0.20%
Armenia [5]	3,021,324	29.0%	46.3%	12.0%	5.6%	2.0%	3.7%	1.0%	0.4%
Australia [6]	25,466,459	38.0%	32.0%	12.0%	4.0%	7.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Austria [7]	8,859,449	30.0%	37.0%	12.0%	5.0%	6.0%	7.0%	2.0%	0.45%
Azerbaijan	10,205,810	29.8%	30.0%	21.1%	9.0%	3.3%	3.4%	2.4%	1.0%
Bahrain	1,505,003	48.48%	15.35%	22.61%	3.67%	3.27%	1.33%	1.04%	0.25%
Bangladesh [8]	164,098,818	29.21%	26.3%	33.12%	9.59%	0.53%	0.48%	0.6%	0.17%
Belarus	9,441,842	32.3%	30.6%	15.3%	6.8%	5.7%	5.4%	2.7%	1.2%
Belgium [9]	11,720,716	38.0%	34.0%	8.5%	4.0%	7.0%	6.0%	1.5%	1.0%
Bhutan [ citation needed ]	857,423	38.15%	29.45%	23.86%	8.41%	0.06%	0.04%	0.04%	0.01%
Bolivia	11,639,909	51.53%	20.45%	10.11%	1.15%	4.39%	2.73%	0.54%	0.1%
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,835,586	31.0%	36.0%	12.0%	6.0%	5.0%	7.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Brazil [10]	211,715,973	36.0%	34.0%	8.0%	2.5%	9.0%	8.0%	2.0%	0.5%
Bulgaria	6,966,899	28.0%	37.4%	12.8%	6.8%	5.0%	6.6%	2.2%	1.2%
Burkina Faso [11]	21,382,659	39.94%	20.79%	26.34%	5.17%	3.36%	1.75%	2.22%	0.43%
Cambodia	16,926,984	46.7%	27.2%	18.5%	4.9%	1.3%	0.8%	0.5%	0.1%
Cameroon [12]	27,744,989	46.83%	24.15%	21.06%	4.29%	1.79%	0.92%	0.8%	0.16%
Canada [13]	37,694,085	39.0%	36.0%	7.6%	2.5%	7.0%	6.0%	1.4%	0.5%
Chile [14]	18,186,770	55.01%	28.08%	8.02%	1.81%	4.19%	2.14%	0.61%	0.14%
Colombia [15]	49,084,841	61.3%	21.11%	7.28%	1.47%	5.13%	2.7%	0.7%	0.31%
Costa Rica [16]	5,097,988	49.7%	28.5%	12.4%	3.0%	3.4%	1.9%	0.9%	0.2%
Croatia	4,227,746	29.0%	36.0%	15.0%	5.0%	5.0%	6.0%	3.0%	1.0%
Cuba	11,059,062	45.8%	33.5%	10.2%	2.9%	3.6%	2.8%	1.0%	0.2%
Cyprus [17]	1,266,676	35.22%	40.35%	11.11%	4.72%	3.85%	3.48%	0.87%	0.40%
Czech Republic [18]	10,702,498	27.0%	36.0%	15.0%	7.0%	5.0%	6.0%	3.0%	1.0%
Democratic Republic of the Congo	101,780,263	59.5%	21.3%	15.2%	2.4%	1.0%	0.3%	0.2%	0.1%
Denmark [19]	5,869,410	35.0%	37.0%	8.0%	4.0%	6.0%	7.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Dominican Republic	10,499,707	47.2%	26.4%	16.9%	2.1%	3.7%	2.1%	1.4%	0.2%
Ecuador	16,904,867	75.0%	14.0%	7.1%	0.5%	2.38%	0.7%	0.3%	0.02%
Egypt [20]	104,124,440	36.44%	33.94%	20.96%	8.65%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
El Salvador [21]	6,481,102	62.0%	23.0%	11.0%	1.0%	1.0%	1.0%	0.7%	0.3%
Estonia [22]	1,228,624	29.5%	30.8%	20.7%	6.3%	4.3%	4.5%	3.0%	0.9%
Ethiopia	108,113,150	39.0%	28.0%	21.0%	5.0%	3.0%	2.0%	1.0%	1.0%
Fiji	935,974	43.0%	33.3%	16.5%	4.8%	1.0%	0.7%	0.5%	0.2%
Finland [23]	5,571,665	28.0%	35.0%	16.0%	7.0%	5.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
France [24]	67,848,156	36.5%	38.2%	7.7%	2.5%	6.5%	6.8%	1.4%	0.4%
Gabon [25]	2,284,912	57.55%	20.52%	17.19%	2.54%	1.35%	0.48%	0.41%	0.06%
Georgia [26]	4,933,674	34.8%	32.3%	11.9%	6.0%	6.2%	5.7%	2.1%	0.5%
Germany [27]	80,159,662	35.0%	37.0%	9.0%	4.0%	6.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Ghana	29,340,248	53.8%	17.6%	18.3%	2.8%	4.5%	1.3%	1.3%	0.2%
Greece	10,607,051	37.8%	32.2%	11.0%	4.0%	6.6%	5.7%	2.0%	0.7%
Guinea	12,527,440	46.88%	21.64%	22.86%	4.52%	2.0%	0.9%	1.0%	0.2%
Honduras	9,235,340	57.5%	25.0%	7.8%	2.5%	2.7%	1.7%	0.6%	0.2%
Hong Kong [28]	7,249,907	42.8%	25.5%	25.8%	5.9%	0.7%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%
Hungary	9,771,827	27.0%	33.0%	16.0%	8.0%	5.0%	7.0%	3.0%	1.0%
Iceland [29]	350,734	46.8%	27.2%	9.0%	2.0%	8.2%	4.8%	1.6%	0.4%
India [30]	1,339,330,514	32.53%	21.80%	32.10%	7.70%	2.03%	1.36%	2.00%	0.48%
Indonesia	267,026,366	36.82%	25.87%	28.85%	7.96%	0.18%	0.13%	0.15%	0.04%
Iran	84,923,314	36.5%	27.0%	22.2%	4.0%	5.0%	2.0%	2.5%	0.8%
Iraq	38,872,655	32.1%	25.0%	25.6%	7.4%	3.6%	2.7%	2.7%	0.9%
Ireland [31]	5,176,569	47.0%	26.0%	9.0%	2.0%	8.0%	5.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Israel [32]	8,675,475	32.0%	34.0%	17.0%	7.0%	3.0%	4.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Italy	62,402,659	39.0%	36.0%	7.5%	2.5%	7.0%	6.0%	1.5%	0.5%
Ivory Coast [33]	28,088,455	47.24%	20.19%	21.7%	3.82%	3.73%	1.54%	1.48%	0.3%
Jamaica [34]	2,808,570	51.1%	20.0%	20.0%	1.9%	3.5%	2.0%	1.0%	0.5%
Japan [35]	125,507,472	29.9%	39.8%	19.9%	9.9%	0.15%	0.2%	0.1%	0.05%
Jordan [36]	10,909,567	33.03%	32.86%	16.56%	6.28%	4.4%	3.97%	2.06%	0.04%
Kazakhstan	19,091,949	30.7%	29.8%	24.2%	8.3%	2.3%	2.2%	1.8%	0.4%
Kenya	53,527,936	45.6%	25.2%	21.28%	4.2%	1.8%	1.0%	0.9%	0.02%
Laos [37]	7,574,356	37.52%	19.73%	35.36%	6.85%	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.05%
Latvia	1,881,232	30.6%	31.0%	17.0%	6.0%	5.4%	6.0%	3.0%	1.0%
Lebanon	5,469,612	38.4%	32.3%	9.5%	3.2%	7.7%	6.5%	1.7%	0.7%
Libya	6,890,535	42.64%	20.86%	11.19%	4.5%	7.26%	3.24%	1.64%	0.67%
Liechtenstein	39,137	34.0%	37.0%	10.0%	4.0%	6.0%	6.5%	1.8%	0.7%
Lithuania	2,731,464	36.0%	33.0%	11.0%	4.0%	7.0%	6.0%	2.0%	0.7%
Luxembourg [38]	628,381	35.0%	37.0%	9.0%	4.0%	6.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Macao	614,458	41.5%	26.1%	25.4%	6.3%	0.33%	0.09%	0.17%	0.05%
Malaysia	32,652,083	34.32%	30.35%	27.37%	7.46%	0.17%	0.15%	0.14%	0.04%
Malta	457,267	38.0%	41.0%	7.0%	3.0%	5.0%	4.5%	1.0%	0.5%
Mauritania [39]	4,005,475	46.3%	26.68%	17.47%	3.85%	2.8%	1.6%	1.1%	0.2%
Mauritius	1,379,365	38.3%	26.0%	25.0%	6.7%	1.7%	1.0%	1.0%	0.3%
Mexico [40]	128,649,565	59.09%	26.23%	8.53%	1.73%	2.73%	1.21%	0.40%	0.08%
Moldova [41]	3,364,496	28.5%	31.8%	17.6%	7.0%	5.0%	6.0%	3.0%	1.1%
Mongolia [42]	3,198,913	36.4%	29.2%	8.1%	%	13.3%	8.0%	2.0%	0.01%
Morocco	35,561,654	42.3%	30.8%	14.0%	4.0%	4.5%	3.1%	1.5%	0.4%
Myanmar	56,590,071	35.7%	23.8%	32.7%	6.95%	0.3%	0.2%	0.3%	0.05%
Namibia [43]	2,678,191	50.58%	20.49%	20.21%	1.02%	4.22%	1.71%	1.69%	0.08%
Nepal	30,327,877	35.2%	36.3%	27.1%	2.6%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%
Netherlands [44]	17,280,397	38.2%	36.6%	7.7%	2.5%	6.8%	6.4%	1.3%	0.5%
New Zealand [45]	4,925,477	39.0%	31.0%	10.0%	2.0%	10.9%	6.0%	1.0%	0.1%
Nicaragua [46]	6,243,931	62.0%	20.0%	11.0%	4.0%	1.0%	1.0%	0.7%	0.3%
Nigeria [47]	219,463,862	50.23%	21.61%	19.59%	3.47%	2.7%	1.16%	1.05%	0.19%
North Korea	25,643,466	27.15%	31.08%	30.15%	11.32%	0.08%	0.1%	0.1%	0.03%
North Macedonia	2,125,971	30.0%	34.0%	15.0%	6.0%	5.0%	6.0%	3.0%	1.0%
Norway [48]	5,467,439	33.2%	41.6%	6.8%	3.4%	5.8%	7.4%	1.2%	0.6%
Pakistan [ citation needed ]	238,181,034	30.04%	21.53%	30.24%	8.83%	3.1%	2.22%	3.13%	0.91%
Papua New Guinea	7,259,456	55.7%	32.2%	9.6%	2.1%	1.8%	0.5%	0.2%	0.1%
Paraguay [49]	7,272,639	63.07%	21.32%	4.72%	1.38%	5.89%	2.97%	0.49%	0.15%
Peru [50]	31,914,989	70.0%	18.4%	7.8%	1.6%	1.4%	0.5%	0.28%	0.02%
Philippines [51]	109,180,815	45.9%	22.9%	24.9%	5.97%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.03%
Poland [52]	38,282,325	31.0%	32.0%	15.0%	7.0%	6.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Portugal [53]	10,302,674	36.2%	39.8%	6.6%	2.9%	6.1%	6.8%	1.1%	0.5%
People's Republic of China [54]	1,397,897,720	34.0%	27.6%	28.9%	8.4%	0.4%	0.25%	0.2%	0.15%
Romania [55]	21,230,362	28.0%	37.0%	14.0%	7.0%	5.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Russia [56]	145,478,097	36.0%	31.0%	19.0%	2.1%	6.0%	4.0%	1.0%	0.9%
Saudi Arabia [57]	34,173,498	47.8%	16.0%	17.9%	4.0%	4.0%	2.0%	1.0%	0.3%
Serbia	7,012,165	31.92%	35.28%	12.6%	4.2%	6.08%	6.72%	2.4%	0.8%
Singapore [58]	6,209,660	44.7%	23.9%	24.5%	5.6%	0.6%	0.3%	0.3%	0.1%
Slovakia [59]	5,440,602	27.2%	35.7%	15.3%	6.8%	4.8%	6.3%	2.7%	1.2%
Slovenia	2,102,678	31.0%	33.0%	12.0%	6.0%	7.0%	7.0%	3.0%	1.0%
Somalia [60]	12,094,640	52.8%	19.36%	12.32%	3.52%	7.2%	2.64%	1.68%	0.48%
South Africa [61]	56,463,617	39.0%	32.0%	12.0%	3.0%	6.0%	5.0%	2.0%	1.0%
South Korea [62]	51,835,110	29%	32%	31%	8%	0.19%	0.1%	0.1%	0.01%
Sri Lanka [63]	23,044,123	43.42%	21.0%	25.78%	5.13%	2.12%	1.04%	1.25%	0.26%
Spain [64]	50,015,792	35.0%	36.0%	8.0%	2.5%	9.0%	7.0%	2.0%	0.5%
Sudan	45,561,556	48.0%	27.7%	15.2%	2.3%	3.5%	1.8%	0.8%	0.2%
Sweden [65]	10,202,491	32.0%	37.0%	10.0%	5.0%	6.0%	7.0%	2.0%	1.0%
Switzerland [66]	8,403,994	35.0%	38.0%	8.0%	4.0%	6.9%	7.0%	1.0%	0.1%
Syria	19,398,448	43.0%	30.0%	14.0%	3.7%	5.0%	3.0%	1.0%	0.3%
Taiwan	23,603,049	43.9%	25.9%	23.9%	6.0%	0.28%	0.01%	0.01%	0.01%
Thailand	68,977,400	40.8%	16.9%	36.8%	4.97%	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.03%
Tunisia [67]	11,811,335	41.86%	28.21%	16.38%	4.55%	4.14%	2.79%	1.62%	0.45%
Turkey [68]	82,017,514	29.4%	38.3%	13.2%	6.4%	4.4%	5.5%	2.1%	0.7%
Uganda [69]	44,712,143	49.29%	24.11%	20.29%	4.41%	1.01%	0.49%	0.41%	0.09%
Ukraine	43,922,939	32.0%	34.0%	15.0%	5.0%	5.0%	6.0%	2.0%	1.0%
United Arab Emirates	9,992,083	44.1%	21.9%	20.9%	4.3%	4.3%	2.1%	2.0%	0.4%
United Kingdom [70]	66,971,395	35%	30%	8%	2%	13%	5%	2%	1%
United States [71]	334,998,398	37.4%	35.7%	8.5%	3.4%	9.8%	4.1%	1.5%	0.6%
Uzbekistan [72]	30,842,796	29.42%	30.93%	24.98%	9.27%	1.68%	1.77%	1.42%	0.53%
Venezuela [73]	28,644,603	58.3%	28.2%	5.6%	1.9%	4.0%	1.5%	0.4%	0.1%
Vietnam	98,721,275	41.7%	20.9%	30.8%	4.98%	0.3%	0.1%	0.2%	0.02%
Yemen	29,884,405	47.84%	27.5%	15.32%	2.14%	3.66%	2.1%	1.17%	0.16%
Zimbabwe	14,546,314	36.4%	29.3%	8.1%	2.0%	14.1%	8.1%	2.0%	0.01%
World [74]	7,772,850,805	38.4%	27.3%	8.1%	2.0%	14.1%	8.1%	2.0%	0.01%

  50.0% and above  40.0–49.9%  30.0–39.9%  20.0–29.9%  10.0–19.9%  5.0–9.9%

Ethnic distribution of ABO (without Rh) blood types [75] (This table has more entries than the table above but does not distinguish between Rh types.)
People group	O (%)	A (%)	B (%)	AB (%)
Australian Aboriginals	61	39	0	0
Abyssinians	43	27	25	5
Ainu (Japan)	17	32	32	18
Albanians	38	43	13	6
Great Andamanese	9	60	20	12
Arabs	34	31	29	6
Armenians	31	50	13	6
Asian Americans	40	28	27	5
Austrians	36	44	13	6
Bantus	46	30	19	5
Basques	51	44	4	1
Belgians	47	42	8	3
Bororo (Brazil)	100	0	0	0
Brazilians	47	41	9	3
Bulgarians	32	44	15	8
Bamar people	36	24	33	7
Buryats (Siberia)	33	21	38	8
Bushmen	56	34	9	2
Chinese-Canton	47	23	25	4
Chinese-Ningbo	35	32	25	9
Chinese-Yangzhou	31	32	27	7
Chinese-Peking	29	27	32	13
Chuvash	30	29	33	7
Croats	34	42	17	7
Czechs	30	44	18	9
Danes	41	44	11	4
Dutch	45	43	9	3
Egyptians	33	36	24	8
English	47	41	9	3
Inuit (Alaska)	38	44	13	5
Inuit (Greenland)	57	36	23	5
Estonians	34	36	23	8
Fijians	44	34	17	6
Finns	34	41	18	7
French	43	47	7	3
Georgians	46	37	12	4
Germans	41	43	11	5
Greeks	44	38	14	5
Romani people (Hungary)	29	27	35	10
Hawaiians	37	61	2	1
Hindus (Bombay)	32	29	28	11
Hungarians	36	43	19	8
Icelanders	56	32	10	3
Indians (India)	37	22	33	7
Native Americans (US)	79	16	4	1
Irish	52	35	10	1
Italians (Milan)	46	41	11	3
Japanese	30	38	22	10
Jews (Germany)	42	41	12	5
Jews (Poland)	33	41	18	8
Kalmyks	26	23	41	11
Kikuyu (Kenya)	60	19	20	1
Koreans	28	32	31	9
Sami people	29	63	4	4
Latvians	32	37	24	7
Lithuanians	40	34	20	6
Malays	62	18	20	0
Māori	46	54	1	0
Mayans	98	1	1	1
Moros	64	16	20	0
Navajo Indians	73	27	0	0
Nicobarese	74	9	15	1
Norwegians	39	50	8	4
Papuans (New Guinea)	41	27	23	9
Persians	38	33	22	7
Peruvian Indians	100	0	0	0
Filipinos	45	22	27	6
Poles	33	39	20	9
Portuguese	35	53	8	4
Romanians	33	43	16	8
Russians	33	36	23	8
Sardinians	50	26	19	5
Scots	51	34	12	3
Serbs	38	42	16	5
Shompen Nicobarese	100	0	0	0
Slovaks	37	42	16	5
South Africans	45	40	11	4
Spanish	38	47	10	5
Sudanese	62	16	21	0
Swedish	36	45	12	7
Swiss	38	50	9	3
Tatars	28	30	29	13
Thais	32	21	36	9
Turks	43	33	19	6
Ukrainians	37	40	18	6
African Americans	49	27	20	4
White Americans	45	40	11	4
Vietnamese	42	22	30	5

Blood group B has its highest frequency in the Middle East, where it ranks as the largest share of the population. In Southeast Asia its share of the population is lowest, especially in Indonesia, secondarily in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single-digit percentages in Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland. ^{[76] [77]} It is believed to have been entirely absent from Native American and Australian Aboriginal populations prior to the arrival of Europeans in those areas. ^{[77] [78]}

Blood group A is associated with high frequencies in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and Central Europe, although its highest frequencies occur in some Australian Aboriginal populations and the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, US. ^{[79] [80]}

Maps of ABO alleles among native populations

In the ABO blood group system, there are three alleles: i, I^A, and I^B. As both I^A and I^B are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with I^AI^A or I^Ai have type A blood, and individuals with I^BI^B or I^Bi have type B. Those with I^AI^B have type AB.

• 
  Map of allele I^A
  among native populations
• 
  Map of allele I^B
  among native populations
• 
  Map of blood group O
  among native populations

See also

• ABO blood group system
• Blood type

References

1. CIA World Factbook
2. "Dhuroni gjak/ Donate blood, Kryqi Kuq Shqiptar/Albanian Red Cross". 26 April 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
3. "اعتماد سجلات آلية لإحصاء الزمر النادرة" [Adopting automatic registers to count rare groups]. ennaharononline.com (in Arabic). 14 October 2019.
4. Avena, Sergio; Goicoechea, Alicia S.; Rey, Jorge A.; Agosti, Juan C.; Carnese, Francisco R. (1999). "Análisis de la participación del componente indígena en una muestra hospitalaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires". Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica (in Spanish). 2: 211–226.
5. "Study of Blood Immunogenetical Markers in Armenian Population" (PDF). 1989.
6. "About Blood Types". Australian Red Cross Lifeblood .
7. "Austrian Red Cross - Blood Donor Information". Old.roteskreuz.at. 21 March 2006. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
8. Dewan, Gourab (April 2015). "Comparative frequency and allelic distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups of major tribal communities of southern Bangladesh with general population and their determinants". Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 16 (2): 141–147. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.01.002 .
9. "Hebt u bloedgroep A-negatief?" . Retrieved 11 August 2022.
10. Tipos Sanguíneos Archived 9 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
11. Sawadogo, S.; Nebie, K.; Millogo, T.; Kafando, E.; Sawadogo, A. G.; Dahourou, H.; Traore, F.; Ouattara, S.; Ouedraogo, O.; Kienou, K.; Dieudonné, Y. Y.; Deneys, V. (2019). "Distribution of ABO and RHD blood group antigens in blood donors in Burkina Faso". International Journal of Immunogenetics. 46 (1): 1–6. doi: 10.1111/iji.12408 . PMID   30447055. S2CID   53568223.
12. Ndoula, S. T.; Noubiap, J. J.; Nansseu, J. R.; Wonkam, A. (2014). "Phenotypic and allelic distribution of the ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups in the Cameroonian population". International Journal of Immunogenetics. 41 (3): 206–210. doi:10.1111/iji.12114. PMID   24628906. S2CID   10356243 . Retrieved 31 May 2021.
13. Canadian Blood Services - Société canadienne du sang. "Types & Rh System, Canadian Blood Services" . Retrieved 19 November 2010.
14. Valenzuela, Carlos; Acuña, Mónica P.; Harb, D.; Zuraiya, A. (April 1987). "Gradiente sociogenético en la población chilena / A socio-genetic gradient in chilean population". Revista Médica de Chile (in Spanish). 115: 295–9.
15. Beltrán M.; Ayala M.; Jara J. (March 1999). "Donor Blood Groups and Rh Factor Frequencies, Colombia 1996". Biomédica. 19 (1). Biomédica, Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 1999: 39–44. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v19i1.1006 . Retrieved 10 August 2020.
16. Dr. Rodolfo Brenes C. (1978). "Incidencia de grupos Sanguíneos y Factor Rho en Costa Rica" (PDF) (in Spanish). Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación CCSS. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
17. - ΚENTΡΟ ΑΙΜΑΤΟΣ
18. Czech Red Cross. "Podíl krevních skupin v populaci České republiky". Archived from the original on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
19. Frequency of major blood groups in the Danish population.
20. Elnady, H. G.; Abdel Samie, O. M.; Saleh, M. T.; Sherif, L. S.; Abdalmoneam, N.; Kholoussi, N. M.; Kholoussi, S. M.; El-Taweel, A. N. (2017). "ABO blood grouping in Egyptian children with rotavirus gastroenteritis". Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny. 12 (3): 175–180. doi:10.5114/pg.2017.70469. PMC   5672705 . PMID   29123577.
21. "¿Por qué donar Sangre? ¡Para Salvar Vidas!" [Why donate blood? to save lives!]. Cruz Roja Salvadoreña (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
22. "Veregruppidest" [Blood groups]. verekeskus.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved 23 November 2017.
23. "Mitä pisarat kertovat?" [What do droplets tell?] (in Finnish). 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
24. "Distribution of blood groups". Statista - The Statistics Portal. Frédéric Michas. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
25. Ngassaki-Yoka, Christ-Dominique; Ndong, Jophrette Mireille Ntsame; Bisseye, Cyrille (2018). "ABO, Rhesus Blood Groups and Transfusion-transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in Gabon". Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (in German). 13: 12. doi: 10.18502/sjms.v13i1.1685 . Retrieved 6 May 2021.
26. "სისხლის ჯგუფი და რეზუსფაქტორი" [Blood group and Rhesus factor]. mkurnali (in Georgian). 18 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
27. "Verteilung der Blutgruppen". Blutspendedienst (in German). Retrieved 10 July 2019.
28. Ng, Yun Wing; Tong, Chi Yeung; Tsoi, Wai Chiu; Lee, Cheuk Kwong (30 December 2023), "Frequencies of ABO and RhD blood groups among blood donors in China", Annals of Blood, 8, doi: 10.21037/aob-23-6
29. "Blodbankinn" (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
30. Patidar, Gopal K.; Dhiman, Yashaswi (2021). "Distribution of ABO and Rh (D) Blood groups in India: A systematic review". Isbt Science Series. 16: 37–48. doi:10.1111/voxs.12576. ISSN   1751-2816. S2CID   225478699.
31. "Irish Blood Transfusion Service - Irish Blood Group Type Frequency Distribution". Irish Blood Transfusion Service . Retrieved 7 November 2009.
32. "The national rescue service in Israel" (in Hebrew). Mdais.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
33. Distribution Géographique des Groupes Sanguins ABO et Rhésus en Côte d'Ivoire. Bibliotheque uvci edu (Thesis). Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
34. "Blood Types in Jamaica". National Blood Transfusion Service. 2 June 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
35. "血液の知識". Japanese Red Cross Society. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
36. Al Hroob, AM; Saghir, SAM; Almaiman, AA; Alsalahi, OSA; Al-Wajeeh, AS; Al-Shargi, OYA; Al-Balagi, N; Mahmoud, AM (2020). "Prevalence and Association of Transfusion Transmitted Infections with ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Blood Donors at the National Blood Bank, Amman, Jordan". Medicina. 56 (12): 701. doi: 10.3390/medicina56120701 . PMC   7765551 . PMID   33339085.
37. "Immunohematology/Blood group antigen distribution in Lao blood donors" (PDF). American Red Cross. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
38. "Croix Rouge". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
39. Hamed, C. T.; Bollahi, M. A.; Abdelhamid, I.; Med Mahmoud, M. A.; Ba, B.; Ghaber, S.; Habti, N.; Houmeida, A. (2012). "Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Mauritania: Results of first nationwide study". International Journal of Immunogenetics. 39 (2): 151–154. doi:10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.01064.x. PMID   22128837. S2CID   45276495 . Retrieved 31 May 2021.
40. Canizalez-Román, A; Campos-Romero, A; Castro-Sánchez, JA; López-Martínez, MA; Andrade-Muñoz, FJ; Cruz-Zamudio, CK; Ortíz-Espinoza, TG; León-Sicairos, N; Gaudrón Llanos, AM; Velázquez-Román, J; Flores-Villaseñor, H; Muro-Amador, S; Martínez-García, JJ; Alcántar-Fernández, J (2018). "Blood Groups Distribution and Gene Diversity of the ABO and Rh (D) Loci in the Mexican Population". BioMed Research International. 2018: 1925619. doi: 10.1155/2018/1925619 . PMC   5937518 . PMID   29850485.
41. "Istoricul dezvoltării cunoştinţelor despre grupele de sânge şi Rh factor. Determinarea grupei de sânge şi a Rh factorului. Transfuzia de sânge" (PDF) (in Romanian). Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2018.
42. "С.Хаян: Нэгдүгээр бүлгийн цус бүх бүлэгт таардаг гэдэг буруу ташаа ойлголт". Donor Mohs Mongolia. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
43. Helvi Tulela Pokolo; Festus Mushabati; Victor Daka; Chester Kalinda (2019). "Distribution of the ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in a Population of Namibian Blood Donors-Implications of Blood Transfusion". Medical Journal of Zambia. 46 (4). Retrieved 22 April 2021.
44. "Bloedgroepen". sanquin.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
45. "All About Blood". NZ Blood. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
46. "FRECUENCIA DE GRUPOS SANGUINEOS DEL SISTEMA ABO Y Cruz Roja Nicaragüense SISTEMA RHESUS (RhD)" (PDF). core.ac.uk/. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
47. Anifowoshe, Abass Toba; Owolodun, Olubukola Abibat; Akinseye, Kehinde Monica; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Oyeyemi, Bolaji Fatai (2017). "Gene frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nigeria: A review". Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 18 (3): 205–210. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.10.004 .
48. "Blodtyper" [Blood type] (in Norwegian). Retrieved 23 September 2018.
49. "Club Rh-/Distribución Grupo Sanguíneo en Paraguay" (PDF). www.fcmunca.edu.py. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
50. "Club Rh-/Porcentajes Grupo Sanguíneo en el Perú". Donarsangre.org. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
51. "Philippine Red Cross". Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
52. "Krwiodawstwo-dane statystyczne" (in Polish). krwiodawcy.org. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
53. "Portuguese Blood Institute" (in Portuguese). (assuming Rh and AB antigens are independent)
54. https://xz.zhanjiang.gov.cn/news/176.html {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
55. "Lansarea primului site de cautare donatori de sange din Romania" [Launch of the first blood donor search site in Romania] (in Romanian). Donor.ro. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
56. "Психология по группе крови" [Blood type psychology] (in Russian). Krasnoyarsk Regional Blood Center No. 1. n.d. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
57. Bashwari, Layla A.; Al-Mulhim, Abdul Az; Ahmad, Malik S.; Ahmed, Mohammed A. (2001). "Frequency of ABO blood groups in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia". Saudi Medical Journal . 22 (11): 1008–12. ISSN   0379-5284. PMID   11744976.
58. "Understanding Blood Types". Singapore Red Cross. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
59. "Najčastejšie otázky" [Frequently Asked Questions] (in Slovak). Národná transfúzna služba SR. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
60. Ali, Abshir A.; Aalto, Mikko; Jonasson, Jon; Osman, Abdimajid (27 March 2020). "Genome-wide analyses disclose the distinctive HLA architecture and the pharmacogenetic landscape of the Somali population/Genotype data verification/The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in our Somali population". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 5652. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62645-0. PMC   7101338 . PMID   32221414.
61. "What's Your Type?". South African National Blood Service. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
62. "BloodBook.com".
63. Bulugahapitiya, D. U.; Satarasinghe, R. L. (3 September 2003). "Blood group distribution in Sri Lanka". The Ceylon Medical Journal. 48 (3): 95–96. doi: 10.4038/cmj.v48i3.3358 . PMID   14735811.
64. "Cruz Roja Espanola/Grupos Sanguineos". Donarsangre.org. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
65. "Blodgrupper". Geblod.nu. 2 October 2007. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
66. "BLUTSPENDE SRK SCHWEIZ" (in German, Italian, and French). Retrieved 10 July 2019.
67. "Le centre National de la Transfusion sanguine a diffusé le tableau ci-contre donnant la répartition des groupes sanguins en Tunisie" (PDF). bacweb.tn/ (in French). June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
68. "Turkey Blood Group Site". Kangrubu.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
69. Apecu, Richard Onyuthi; Mulogo, Edgar M.; Bagenda, Fred; Byamungu, Andrew (2016). "ABO and Rhesus (D) blood group distribution among blood donors in rural south western Uganda: a retrospective study". BMC Research Notes. 9 (1): 513. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-2299-5 . PMC   5178068 . PMID   28003029. S2CID   14888287.
70. "Blood types". NHS. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
71. "Blood Types in the U.S". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
72. "O'ZBEKLARDA QON GURUHLARINING TUZILISHI/ЧАСТОТА ГРУПП КРОВИ У УЗБЕКОВ/FREQUENCY OF BLOOD GROUPS IN UZBEKS" (in Russian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
73. "preguntas-frecuentes" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
74. Blood type distribution
75. "Racial and ethnic distribution of ABO blood types". Bloodbook.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
76. Blood Transfusion Division, United States Army Medical Research Laboratory (1971). Selected contributions to the literature of blood groups and immunology. 1971 v. 4. United States Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, Kentucky. ... In northern India, in Southern and Central China and in the neighboring Central Asiatic areas, we find the highest known frequencies of B. If we leave this center, the frequency of the B gene decreases almost everywhere ...
77. The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2002. ISBN   978-0-85229-787-2. ... The maximum frequency of the B gene occurs in Central Asia and northern India. The B gene was probably absent from Native Americans and Australian Aboriginal people before racial admixture occurred with the coming of the white man ...
78. Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember (1973). Anthropology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. ISBN   9780390290007. ... Blood type B is completely absent in most North and South American Indians ...
79. Dean, Laura (2005). Blood group antigens are surface markers on the red blood cell membrane. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Blood Type A: Central and Eastern Europe. Type A is common in Central and Eastern Europe. In countries such as Austria, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland, about 45–50% of the population have this blood type, whereas about 40% of Poles and Ukrainians do so. The highest frequencies are found in small, unrelated populations. For example, about 80% of the Blackfoot Indians of Montana have blood type A ...
80. Technical Monograph No. 2: The ABO Blood Group System and ABO Subgroups (PDF). Biotec. March 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2007. ... The frequency of blood group A is quite high (25–55%) in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and parts of central Europe. High group A frequency is also found in the Aboriginal people of South Australia (up to 45%) and in certain American Indian tribes where the frequency reaches 35% ...