The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:
Rail transport in Pakistan began in 1855 during the British Raj, when several railway companies began laying track and operating in present-day Pakistan. The country's rail system has been nationalised as Pakistan Railways. The system was originally a patchwork of local rail lines operated by small private companies, including the Scinde, Punjab and Delhi Railways and the Indus Steam Flotilla. In 1870, the four companies were amalgamated as the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway. Several other rail lines were built shortly thereafter, including the Sind–Sagar and Trans–Baluchistan Railways and the Sind–Pishin, Indus Valley, Punjab Northern and Kandahar State Railways. These six companies and the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway merged to form the North Western State Railway in 1880. Following the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the North Western Railway became Pakistan Western Railway and the rail system was reorganised in the dominion of Pakistan; some of the reorganisation was controversial. Rail use increased in early 1948, and the network became profitable. Declining passenger numbers and financial losses in the late 1980s and early 1990s prompted the closure of many branch lines and small stations. The 1990s saw corporate mismanagement and severe cuts in rail subsidies. Due to falling passenger numbers, government subsidies are necessary to keep the railways financially viable.
The Barddhaman–Asansol section is a railway line connecting Bardhaman and Asansol. This 106 kilometres (66 mi) track is part of the Howrah–Delhi main line, Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line. It is under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway, and is connected to the South Eastern Railway through Asansol–Adra line at Asansol Jn and Kalipahari–Damodar connector at Kalipahari.
The Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section, formerly Gaya–Mughalsarai section , is a railway line connecting Gaya Junction and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction. This 197-kilometre (122 mi) track is part of the Grand Chord, Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. This section includes Arrah-Sasaram and Son Nagar branch lines. It is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.
The Eastern Bengal Railway was one of the pioneering railway companies that operated from 1857 to 1942, in the Bengal and Assam provinces of British India.
The Assam Bengal Railway (ABR) was one of the pioneering railway companies in British India. Headquartered in Chittagong, it functioned from 1892 to 1942.
The North Western State Railway (NWSR) was formed in January 1886 from the merger of the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway, the Indus Valley State Railway, the Punjab Northern State Railway, the eastern section of the Sind–Sagar Railway and the southern section of the Sind–Pishin State Railway and the Kandahar State Railway.
The Varanasi–Ayodhya–Lucknow line is a railway line connecting Varanasi and Lucknow, both in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The main line was subsequently extended to Bareilly, Moradabad and Saharanpur and the entire line was thought of as the "main line" of Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway. An important branch line, the Prayagraj–Ayodhya line, which meets the main line almost at right angles, is included here. The main line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway, a portion of the branch line is under the jurisdiction of North Central Railway.
The Varanasi–Raebareli–Lucknow line is a railway line connecting Varanasi and Lucknow, both in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
The Lucknow–Moradabad line is a railway line connecting Lucknow and Moradabad railway stations, both in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
The Moradabad–Ambala line is a railway line connecting Moradabad in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and Ambala Cantonment in Haryana. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
The Ambala–Attari line is a railway line connecting Ambala Cantonment in the Indian state of Haryana and Attari in Punjab. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
The Ludhiana–Fazilka line is a railway line connecting Ludhiana and Fazilka both in the Indian state of the Punjab. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
The Ludhiana–Dhuri–Jakhal line is a railway line connecting Ludhiana in the Indian state of the Punjab and Jakhal in Haryana. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
The Patna–Gaya line is a railway line connecting Patna on the Howrah–Delhi main line and Gaya on the Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line both in the Indian state of Bihar.
The Asansol–Patna section is a railway line connecting Asansol in the Indian state of West Bengal and Patna in Bihar. The 331 km (206 mi) line passes through the fringe areas of West Bengal, a portion of Santhal Parganas in Jharkhand and the Gangetic Plain in Bihar.
The Patna–Mughalsarai section, officially Patna–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya section, is a railway line connecting Patna Junction in the Indian state of Bihar and Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction in Uttar Pradesh.
Badarpur Railway Station serves the Indian city of Badarpur in Assam. It belongs to Lumding railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway of India. It is located at Cachar district in the state of Assam. It is one of the oldest station of India built in 1898. The Station connects Badarpur to other regions of Barak Valley as well as many parts of India.Badarpur railway station is also the largest and most important railway station in Barak valley and south Assam region.
The Barkakana–Netaji S.C.Bose Gomoh line is a railway line connecting Barkakana and Gomoh in India. This 105-kilometre long (65 mi) track is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway. The section links to South Eastern Railway through Bokaro Steel City and Adra.
The Barkakana–Son Nagar line is an Indian railway line connecting Barkakana and Son Nagar on the Gaya–Mughalsarai section of the Grand Chord. This 313-kilometre (194 mi) track is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.
