Eildon Dam

Last updated

Eildon Dam
Lake Eildon late 2011.jpg
A view of the impounded Lake Eildon, in 2011
Australia Victoria relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Location of the Eildon Dam in Victoria
CountryAustralia
Location Victorian Alps, Victoria
Coordinates 37°11′34″S145°53′49″E / 37.19278°S 145.89694°E / -37.19278; 145.89694
Purpose
StatusOperational
Construction began1915 (1915)
Opening date
  • 1929 (1929)
  • 1935 (1935)(modifications)
  • 1955 (1955)(enlarged)
Operator(s) Goulburn–Murray Water
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Embankment dam
Impounds Goulburn River
Height84.5 m (277 ft)
Length1,085 m (3,560 ft)
Dam volume10,200×10^3 m3 (360×10^6 cu ft)
Spillway type Controlled
Spillway capacity3,356 m3/s (118,500 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
CreatesLake Eildon
Total capacity3,390,000 ML (750,000×10^6 imp gal; 900,000×10^6 US gal)
Catchment area 3,885 km2 (1,500 sq mi)
Surface area13,832 ha (34,180 acres)
Maximum water depth79 m (259 ft) [1]
Normal elevation288.9 m (948 ft) AHD
Eildon Hydroelectric Power Station
Coordinates 37°13′19″S145°55′17″E / 37.22194°S 145.92139°E / -37.22194; 145.92139
Operator(s) AGL Energy
Commission date
  • 1955 (1955)
  • 2001 (2001)(upgrade)
Turbines Four
Installed capacity 135 MW (181,000 hp)
Annual generation 226 GWh (810 TJ)
Website
Lake Eildon at Goulburn–Murray Water

The Eildon Dam is a rock and earth-fill embankment dam with a controlled spillway, located on the Goulburn River between the regional towns of Mansfield and Eildon within Lake Eildon National Park, in the Alpine region of Victoria, Australia. The dam's purpose is for the supply of potable water, irrigation, and the generation of hydroelectricity. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Eildon.The first cut of ground was done by Mr Bain and Mr MacLean from Scotland.

Contents

Location and features

Lake Eildon National Park from above. March 2021. Lake Eildon National Park from above. March 2021.jpg
Lake Eildon National Park from above. March 2021.

Designed by the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission of Victoria, construction of the original water storage, which was known as Sugarloaf Reservoir, took place between 1915 and 1929 to provide irrigation water for what was a vast uncultivated area on Victoria's northern plains. The original weir was modified in 1929, and again in 1935, to increase the storage capacity to 377,000 megalitres (83×10^9 imp gal; 100×10^9 US gal). However, this reservoir was still limited in its capacity to meet the growing demand for water in the Goulburn Valley and to protect farmers during drought years. Following a detailed feasibility study of all possible storage sites on the Goulburn River, it was decided that the existing dam site was the most suitable for construction of a larger dam. In 1951, work began to enlarge the storage to its present capacity. The enlargement was completed in 1955 and the storage was renamed Lake Eildon. [2]

The embankment dam wall is constructed with an earth core and rock fill, rising to a height of 83 metres (272 ft). [3] The core component materials of the wall include 10,200 thousand cubic metres (360×10^6 cu ft) of rock and earth. With a catchment area of 3,885 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi) that includes the Goulburn, Delatite, Howqua, Big, and Jamieson rivers and several minor tributaries, [4] the reservoir covers an area of 13,832 hectares (34,180 acres). The reservoir has a capacity of 3,390,000 megalitres (746×10^9 imp gal; 896×10^9 US gal) with an average depth of 24 metres (79 ft), and can release a maximum outflow of approximately 3,356 cubic metres per second (118,500 cu ft/s) via its controlled spillway. The crest of the uncontrolled spillway is 288.9 metres (948 ft) AHD and is approximately 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) long. [2] [3]

Lake Eildon is connected to the metropolitan water supply of Melbourne, the state capital, via a pipeline from the Goulburn River. On average, 91% of the water from Lake Eildon goes to the Goulburn Weir and the Waranga Basin before it flows to irrigators in the Goulburn Valley system.

Power generation

Operated by AGL Energy, Eildon Hydroelectric Power Station is a hydroelectric power station that operates during the irrigation season from August to May. Its operation is mainly governed by release of water to meet irrigation demands, but it may also be operated during winter and spring when flood releases can be used to generate electricity. The power station can also be used to meet short-term emergency power needs resulting from industrial disputes or plant breakdown elsewhere in the State's power grid. Initially completed as part of the Sugarloaf Reservoir with just 15 megawatts (20,000 hp) of hydroelectric generating power, capacity was increased by 1957 to 120 megawatts (160,000 hp) through the installation of two 60 megawatts (80,000 hp) turbines. The first 67-megawatt (90,000 hp) turbine was commissioned in 1956, and a second in 1957. [5] In addition, there are two 7.5 megawatts (10,100 hp) turbines; these were decommissioned in 1971, but recommissioned in 2001. [6] These smaller turbines were relocated from the former Sugarloaf Power Station on the Eildon Weir, [5] completed in 1929 and in use until work on the larger dam started in 1951. [7] This renovation of the oldest turbines in 2001 led to a generation capacity of 135 megawatts (181,000 hp). A 5,200 megalitres (1.1×109 imp gal; 1.4×109 US gal) pondage below the dam temporarily detains water discharged from the power station and regulates releases downstream to minimise variations in flow due to intermittent power generation. In 1995 the Eildon Pondage Power Station, a small hydro-electric station with 4.5 megawatts (6,000 hp) output was installed on the pondage. [2] [3] In 2024, AGL studied the options of expanding the scheme with pumped-storage hydroelectricity. [8]

Eildon Power Station has four turbo generators, with a total generating capacity of 150 megawatts (200,000 hp) of electricity. It produces an average of around 225 gigawatt-hours (810 TJ) of electricity per annum. [6]

Houseboats

As the only inland waterway where houseboats are permitted, Lake Eildon has a thriving houseboat culture with over 700 on the lake. [9] There is a Private Harbour and a Public Harbour. Rental of houseboats is possible in the latter. Some boats are restricted to daytime operation due to lack of lighting. The Private Harbour manages the owners' houseboats with staff and facilities that cater to over 18 marinas. Both harbours provide fueling facilities. [10]

Drought and recovery

During the drought years in Victoria in the 2000s, Lake Eildon rarely filled and the once-thriving holiday destinations around the lake were unable to attract visitors, leading to considerable economic hardship. Although water is in great demand for agriculture, careful regulation has kept outflows fairly static. During November 2006 the lake dropped to a low of only 15% from the previous year level of 48.3%. [11] The lake reached as low as 5.3% in 2007. [12]

After many years with below average rainfall, 2010 saw Lake Eildon receive above average rainfall and rose from 23% of capacity in May 2010 to be 82.5% as of March 2011. [2] On the night of 13 October 2022, Lake Eildon inflows peaked at 145,000 megalitres per day, decreasing overnight to 100,000, far above the dam's maximum outflow of 38,000 megalitres per day with the spill gates open. On 15 October 2022, due to an abnormal amount of rain in the region, the lake filled up to 100.3% of its capacity for the first time since 1994. Because the spillway gates were raised, this raised the height of the dam allowing more water into the reservoir than is normally able. [13]

In film

The nearby town of Bonnie Doon was the location for the holiday scenes in the movie, The Castle. Lake Eildon was also the main location used for the 1975 feature film version of The Box, as well as the 1989 direct-to-video Australian horror film Houseboat Horror .

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dartmouth Dam</span> Dam in Victoria

Dartmouth Dam is a large rock-fill embankment dam with an uncontrolled chute spillway across the Mitta Mitta, Gibbo and Dart rivers, the Morass Creek and a number of small tributaries. The dam is located near Mount Bogong in the north-east of the Australian state of Victoria. The dam's purpose includes irrigation, the generation of hydro-electric power, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Dartmouth Reservoir, sometimes called Lake Dartmouth. The Dartmouth Power Station, a hydro-electric power station that generates power to the national grid, is located near the dam wall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hume Dam</span> Dam in Riverina, New South Wales

Hume Dam, formerly the Hume Weir, is a major dam across the Murray River downstream of its junction with the Mitta River in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro-power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Hume, formerly the Hume Reservoir. It is a gated concrete gravity dam with four earth embankments and twenty-nine vertical undershot gated concrete overflow spillways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glenbawn Dam</span> Dam in Hunter Valley, New South Wales

Glenbawn Dam is a major ungated earth and rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway plus fuse plugs across the Hunter River upstream of Aberdeen in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro-electric power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Glenbawn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copeton Dam</span> Dam in New South Wales, Australia

Copeton Dam is a major clay core and rock fill embankment dam with nine radial gates and a gated concrete chute spillway across the Gwydir River upstream of Bingara in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes environmental flows, hydro-electric power generation, irrigation, and water supply. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Copeton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blowering Dam</span> Dam in Snowy Mountains, New South Wales

The Blowering Dam is a major ungated rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway impounding a reservoir under the same name. It is located on the Tumut River upstream of Tumut in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. Purposes for the dam include flood mitigation, hydro-power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The dam is part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a vast hydroelectricity and irrigation complex constructed in south-east Australia between 1949 and 1974 and now run by Snowy Hydro.

The Shoalhaven Scheme is a dual-purpose water supply and Pumped-storage Hydroelectricity scheme located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

Cochrane Dam is a minor earthfill embankment dam with concrete spillway across Georges Creek, located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is to supply water for hydro-power at the downstream Brown Mountain Power Station and for irrigation purposes. The impounded reservoir is called Cochrane Lake.

The Eildon Pondage Power Station is a hydroelectric power station on the Eildon Pondage at Lake Eildon, Victoria, Australia. Eildon Pondage has one turbo generator, with a total generating capacity of 4.5 megawatts (6,000 hp) of electricity. It is owned and operated by Pacific Blue, and the electricity produced is sold to electricity retailer TXU.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme</span>

The Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme is the largest hydro-electric scheme in the Australian state of Victoria and the second-largest in mainland Australia after the Snowy Mountains Scheme. The scheme is situated in the Australian Alps in north-eastern Victoria about 350 kilometres from Melbourne and is wholly owned by AGL Energy. In 2024, AGL studied the options of expanding the scheme with pumped-storage hydroelectricity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubicon Hydroelectric Scheme</span> Hydroelectric scheme in Victoria, Australia

The Rubicon Hydroelectric Scheme is a small run-of-the-river hydroelectric scheme located on the Rubicon and Royston Rivers, north east of Melbourne, 40 km (25 mi) south-west of Alexandra, Victoria, Australia. The scheme commenced in 1922, and was the first state-owned hydroelectric scheme to generate electricity in mainland Australia, and among the first in the world to be remotely controlled. For the first ten years of its operation it supplied on average 16.9% of electricity generated by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. It is now owned and operated by AGL Energy and contributes approximately 0.02% of Victoria's energy supply.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burdekin Falls Dam</span> Dam in Whitsunday Region

The Burdekin Falls Dam, also known as the Burdekin Dam, is a concrete gravity dam with an uncontrolled spillway across the Burdekin River in the Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. Built for the purpose of irrigation, the reservoir is called Lake Dalrymple, and is on the boundary of the Whitsunday Region and the Charters Towers Region. Burdekin Falls Dam is managed by SunWater. Water from the reservoir is also used to replenish downstream aquifers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Hovell Dam</span> Dam in Hume, Victoria

The William Hovell Dam is a rock and earth-fill embankment dam with a flip bucket chute spillway across the King River, operated by Pacific Blue and located in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia. The purposes of the dam are for irrigation and the generation of hydroelectricity. The impounded reservoir is called Lake William Hovell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Talbingo Dam</span> Dam in Snowy Mountains, New South Wales

Talbingo Dam is a major ungated rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway across the Tumut River upstream of Talbingo in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. The impounded reservoir is called Talbingo Reservoir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumut Pond Dam</span> Dam in Snowy Mountains, New South Wales

Tumut Pond Dam is a major gated concrete arch dam across the upper reaches of the Tumut River in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is for the generation of hydro-power and is one of the sixteen major dams that comprise the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a vast hydroelectricity and irrigation complex constructed in south-east Australia between 1949 and 1974 and now run by Snowy Hydro.

The Koombooloomba Dam is a concrete gravity dam with a controlled spillway across the Tully River, located west of Tully and south, southeast of Ravenshoe in Far North Queensland, Australia. Built for the purpose of hydroelectric power generation, the dam creates the reservoir, Lake Koombooloomba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Splityard Creek Dam</span> Dam in South East Queensland

The Splityard Creek Dam is a rock and earth-fill embankment dam with an un-gated spillway across the Pryde Creek that is located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The sole purpose of the dam is for the generation of hydroelectricity. The impounded reservoir is called the Splityard Creek Reservoir.

Tumut Two Dam or Tumut Two is a major ungated concrete gravity dam across the upper reaches of the Tumut River in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is for the generation of hydro-power and is one of the sixteen major dams that comprise the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a vast hydroelectricity and irrigation complex constructed in south-east Australia between 1949 and 1974 and now run by Snowy Hydro.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guthega Dam</span> Dam in Snowy Mountains, New South Wales

Guthega Dam is concrete gravity dam with an uncontrolled spillway across the Snowy River in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is for the storage of water used in the generation of hydro-power. It is the first to be completed of the sixteen major dams of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a vast hydroelectricity and irrigation complex constructed in south-east Australia between 1949 and 1974 and now run by Snowy Hydro.

Island Bend Dam is a major gated concrete gravity dam with a controlled spillway across the Snowy River in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is for the diversion of water for generation of hydro-power and is one of the sixteen major dams that comprise the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a vast hydroelectricity and irrigation complex constructed in south-east Australia between 1949 and 1974 and now run by Snowy Hydro.

Murray Two Dam is a major ungated concrete arch dam with a controlled spillway across Khancoban Bank, a diverted flow of the Snowy and Geehi rivers in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. The impounded reservoir is called the Murray Two Pondage.

References

  1. "Eildon Lake fishing: fishing maps and fishing info for Eildon Lake", Fishing Victoria, archived from the original on 17 February 2011, retrieved 31 May 2011
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Lake Eildon". Goulburn–Murray Water. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 "Register of Large Dams in Australia". Dams information. Australian National Committee on Large Dams. 2010. Archived from the original (Excel (requires download)) on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  4. "Map of Lake Eildon, VIC". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  5. 1 2 Edwards, Cecil (1969). Brown Power. A jubilee history of the SECV. State Electricity Commission of Victoria.
  6. 1 2 "Eildon Power Station". AGL. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 13 October 2006.
  7. "Goulburn-Murray Water: Lake Eildon". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  8. "AGL eyes quicker and cheaper pumped hydro "conversions" to back up wind and solar". RenewEconomy. 14 June 2024.
  9. "Houseboating on Lake Eildon". Victoria Department of Land, Water and Planning (DELWP). State Government of Victoria. 14 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  10. "Houseboats at Lake Eildon". G-MWater. Goulburn-Murray Water. ABN 46 761 336 846. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  11. "Storage Levels - November 2006". Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  12. Lake Eildon full for the first time in 28 years. Metro UK. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  13. Elvin, S. (18 October 2022). It's rained so much a lake has filled up for the first time in 28 years. Metro. Retrieved 19 October 2022, from https://metro.co.uk/2022/10/18/australia-a-lake-has-filled-up-for-the-first-time-in-28-years-17584598/