Honeycreeper | |
---|---|
male red-legged honeycreeper. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Thraupidae |
Genus: | Cyanerpes Oberholser, 1899 |
Type species | |
Certhia cyanea Linnaeus, 1766 | |
Species | |
Four, all classed as Least Concern |
The typical honeycreepers form a genus Cyanerpes of small birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They are found in the tropical New World from Mexico south to Brazil. They occur in the forest canopy, and, as the name implies, they are specialist nectar feeders with long curved bills.
The four Cyanerpes species have colourful legs, long wings and a short tail. The males are typically glossy purple-blue and the females greenish.
The genus Cyanerpes was introduced in 1899 by the American ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser with the red-legged honeycreeper as the type species. [1] [2] The name combines the Ancient Greek kuanos meaning "dark-blue" and herpēs meaning "creeper". [3]
There are two other tanagers with honeycreeper in their common name: the green honeycreeper in the monospecific genus Chlorophanes and the golden-collared honeycreeper in the monospecific genus Iridophanes. [4] These two species are sister taxa and belong to the subfamily Hemithraupinae rather than to Dacninae with the members of Cyanerpes. [5] [6]
The genus contains four species: [4]
Image | Name | Common name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Cyanerpes nitidus | Short-billed honeycreeper | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela | |
Cyanerpes lucidus | Shining honeycreeper | Mexico to Panama and northwest Colombia | |
Cyanerpes caeruleus | Purple honeycreeper | Colombia and Venezuela south to Brazil, and on Trinidad. | |
Cyanerpes cyaneus | Red-legged honeycreeper | southern Mexico south to Peru, Bolivia and central Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and on Cuba | |
A commonly repeated, yet false, belief about the various honeycreeper species is that some of them lay black eggs. This idea was first made known in the scientific community with the 1899 publication of Nehrkorn's egg catalog; Nehrkorn's claim was cited in ornithological literature for many years without verification, but by the 1940s it was established that none of the members of Cyanerpes lay such eggs. [7]
The tanagers comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.
The green honeycreeper is a small bird in the tanager family. It is found in the tropical New World from southern Mexico south to Brazil, and on Trinidad. It is the only member of the genus Chlorophanes.
The red-legged honeycreeper is a small songbird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It is found in the tropical New World from southern Mexico south to Peru, Bolivia and central Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and on Cuba, where possibly introduced. It is also rarely found in southern Texas.
Tangara is a large genus of birds of the tanager family. It includes 27 species. All are from the Neotropics, and while most are fairly widespread, some have small distributions and are threatened. They are fairly small, ranging in size from 11.5–15 centimetres (4.5–5.9 in). This genus includes some of the most spectacularly colored birds of the world.
Phrygilus is a genus of mainly Andean seed-eating tanagers commonly known as sierra finches. Phrygilos means finch in Ancient Greek. Traditionally classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown them to belong in the Thraupidae.
Poospiza is a genus of finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are found in both the South American lowlands and the Andes mountains. Generally they are arboreal feeders in light woodland and scrub. All have extensive grey to their plumage, and have—often bold—white or rufous markings.
The chestnut-headed tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae this is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina. It was formerly the only member of the genus Pyrrhocoma but is now placed in Thlypopsis.
The masked mountain tanager is a vulnerable species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Tephrophilus. This large and colourful tanager is endemic to elfin forest, woodland and shrub in the Andean highlands of southern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. It is generally rare or uncommon, and is threatened by habitat loss.
Loxigilla is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The two species are both endemic to the Lesser Antilles.
The blue-and-yellow tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The blue-capped tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Thraupis but is now the only species in the genus Sporathraupis.
The Cuban grassquit is a small bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Cuba.
Poospizopsis is a genus of warbler-like tanagers. They are found in highland forest in South America.
Asemospiza is a genus of South American birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
Kleinothraupis is a genus of warbler-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They are found in highland forest in South America.
Sphenopsis is a genus of warbler-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They are found in highland forest of South America.
Microspingus is a genus of warbler-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They are found in highland forest in South America.
Geospizopsis is a genus of seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are commonly known as sierra finches.
Ixothraupis is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
Stilpnia is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.