List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex

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Tidal mud flats, East Mersea, in the Colne Estuary Tidal mud flats, East Mersea - geograph.org.uk - 1182464.jpg
Tidal mud flats, East Mersea, in the Colne Estuary

Essex is a county in the east of England. [1] In the early Anglo-Saxon period it was the Kingdom of the East Saxons, but it gradually came under the control of more powerful kingdoms, and in the ninth century it became part of Wessex. [2] The modern county is bounded by Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Greater London to the south-west, Kent across the River Thames to the south, and the North Sea to the east. [3] It has an area of 1,420 square miles (3,700 km2), with a coastline of 400 miles (640 km), [4] and a population according to the 2011 census of 1,393,600. [5] At the top level of local government are Essex County Council and two unitary authorities, Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock. Under the county council, there are twelve district and borough councils. [6]

Contents

In England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated by Natural England, which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites. [7] As of August 2016, there are 86 sites designated in Essex. [8] There are 19 sites with a purely geological interest, and 64 listed for biological interest. A further three sites are designated for both reasons.

The largest is Foulness, which is internationally important for wildfowl and waders, and has 71 nationally rare invertebrate species. [9] The smallest is Holland-on-Sea Cliff, a geological site which throws light on the course of the River Thames before it was diverted south by the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago. [10] Hangman's Wood and Deneholes has deneholes, shafts created by medieval chalk mining which are now used by hibernating bats. [11] Lion Pit is the site of flint-knapping by Neanderthals around 200,000 years ago, and it has been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes. [12]

Key

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Sites

Site namePhotographBGArea [lower-alpha 1] Public accessLocation [lower-alpha 1] Other classificationsMap [lower-alpha 2] Citation [lower-alpha 3] Description
Abberton Reservoir Abberton Reservoir - geograph.org.uk - 218063.jpg Green check.svg718.3 hectares (1,775 acres)PP Layer de la Haye
51°49′30″N0°51′43″E / 51.825°N 0.862°E / 51.825; 0.862 (Abberton Reservoir)
TL973179 		EWT, [13] NCR, [14] Ramsar, [15] SPA [16] Map Citation This site is of international significance for wintering wigeons, and nationally important for twelve other waterfowl species, including mute swans, gadwalls, tufted ducks, goldeneyes and goosanders. It is also very unusual in having cormorants nesting in trees. [14]
Ardleigh Gravel Pit Ardleigh Gravel Pit 5.JPG Green check.svg1.2 hectares (3.0 acres)PP Ardleigh
51°54′50″N0°59′10″E / 51.914°N 0.986°E / 51.914; 0.986 (Ardleigh Gravel Pit)
TM055281 		GCR [17] Map Citation This site exposes a number of interglacials, including one dated to the Hoxnian Stage around 400,000 years ago, and some much older. It also has a horizon with very rare plant micro-fossils dating to a cold period. [18]
Ashdon Meadows Ashdon Meadows 1.JPG Green check.svg1.4 hectares (3.5 acres)YES Saffron Walden
52°02′10″N0°19′05″E / 52.036°N 0.318°E / 52.036; 0.318 (Ashdon Meadows)
TL591401 		Map Citation The site is unimproved grassland which is used for hay growing, with some areas calcareous and others neutral. It is the only known example of grassland on chalky boulder clay in north-west Essex. Flora includes salad burnet, downy oat-grass and fen bedstraw. [19]
Basildon Meadows Basildon Meadows 3.JPG Green check.svg6.8 hectares (17 acres)NO Basildon
51°33′11″N0°27′18″E / 51.553°N 0.455°E / 51.553; 0.455 (Basildon Meadows)
TQ703867 		Map Citation The site is composed of three unimproved meadows which have a wide variety of herbs. Flowers include the green-winged orchid and yellow rattle, which are rare in Essex. There is also a small pond and scattered scrub. [20]
Belcher's and Broadfield Woods Bridleway through Brookes Nature Reserve - geograph.org.uk - 402069.jpg Green check.svg14.4 hectares (36 acres)YES Halstead
51°54′32″N0°37′48″E / 51.909°N 0.630°E / 51.909; 0.630 (Belcher's and Broadfield Woods)
TL810267 		EWT [21] [22] Map Citation The site is coppice woodland on chalky boulder clay. There is a variety of woodlands types, such as wet ash and maple, and acid birch, ash and lime. The ground flora includes species which are locally uncommon, including greater butterfly-orchid and bird's-nest orchid. [23]
Benfleet and Southend Marshes Estuarial mudflats at Leigh-on-Sea - geograph.org.uk - 778899.jpg Green check.svg2,373.7 hectares (5,866 acres)PP Southend-on-Sea
51°34′N0°41′E / 51.57°N 0.68°E / 51.57; 0.68 (Benfleet And Southend Marshes)
TQ859842 		EWT, [24] LNR, [25] NCR, [26] NNR, [26] Ramsar, [15] SPA [27] Map Citation The marshes and mudflats have internationally important numbers of wildfowl and waders, including the dark-bellied brent goose, grey plover, redshank and knot. Some areas are very important for scarce invertebrates, such as white-letter hairstreak and marbled white butterflies. [26]
Blackwater Estuary Salt Marsh in Salcott Creek-Blackwater Estuary - geograph.org.uk - 218018.jpg Green check.svg4,403.5 hectares (10,881 acres)YES Maldon
51°44′N0°49′E / 51.74°N 0.81°E / 51.74; 0.81 (Blackwater Estuary)
TL943084 		EWT, [28] [29] NCR, [30] NNR, [31] Ramsar, [15] SAC, [32] SPA [33] Map Citation The estuary has internationally important numbers of wintering dark-bellied brent geese, ringed plover and dunlin, and nationally important numbers of nine species. There are sixteen invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [30]
Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common Bluebells in Blakes Wood - geograph.org.uk - 314771.jpg Green check.svg87.3 hectares (216 acres)YES Danbury
51°43′41″N0°34′01″E / 51.728°N 0.567°E / 51.728; 0.567 (Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common)
TL774064 		NT [34] Map Citation This site has a variety of heath, woodland and marsh habitats, and four of the woodland types are unusual in Britain. The woodlands have diverse bird species, and two unusual moths, the silver barred and rosy marbled, have been recorded on the common. [34]
Bovingdon Hall Woods Bovingdon Hall Woods - Bovingdon Wood 8.jpg Green check.svg71.3 hectares (176 acres)NO Braintree
51°55′41″N0°33′18″E / 51.928°N 0.555°E / 51.928; 0.555 (Bovingdon Hall Woods)
TL758286 		Map Citation The site is coppice woodland of medieval origin on chalky boulder clay. It has unusual woodland types, such as small-leaved lime and plateau alder. Other trees include sessile and peduculate oak, ash, maple and hornbeam, with occasional wild service tree. [35]
Bullock Wood Bullock Wood 8.JPG Green check.svg23.5 hectares (58 acres)NO Colchester
51°54′43″N0°56′02″E / 51.912°N 0.934°E / 51.912; 0.934 (Bullock Wood)
TM019278 		Map Citation The site is mature coppice with a wide variety of trees. The main woodland type is hazel and sessile oak, which is rare nationally. The understorey is mainly coppiced hazel, and the ground flora is dominated by bramble and bracken. [36]
Canvey Wick Occidental jetty and reed beds at Canvey Wick.jpg Green check.svg93.2 hectares (230 acres)YES Canvey Island
51°31′19″N0°32′10″E / 51.522°N 0.536°E / 51.522; 0.536 (=Canvey Wick)
TQ760834 		Buglife, [37] RSPB [37] Map Citation Canvey Wick has a nationally important population of invertebrates, including 22 on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and three which had been recorded as extinct in Britain. It also has a nationally important population of shrill carder bees. Scrub edges provide additional habitats. [38]
Cattawade Marshes View across marshes from Cattawade Picnic Site - geograph.org.uk - 1386028.jpg Green check.svg89.2 hectares (220 acres)NO Manningtree
51°57′18″N1°02′24″E / 51.955°N 1.040°E / 51.955; 1.040 (Cattawade Marshes)
TM090329 		DVAONB, [39] Ramsar, [40] RSPB, [41] SPA [39] Map Citation The site is a marsh area between two arms of the River Stour. It is of major importance for breeding birds, especially waders and wildfowl, such as Shoveler, Teal, Tufted Duck and Water Rail. Other habitats are grassland and ditches. [42] [43]
Chalkney Wood Chalkney wood - main ride - geograph.org.uk - 275321.jpg Green check.svg73.7 hectares (182 acres)YES Earls Colne
51°54′58″N0°43′23″E / 51.916°N 0.723°E / 51.916; 0.723 (Chalkney Wood)
TL874277 		Map Citation The ancient woodland is on acid silts and sands. Trees include, ash, lime birch and pedunculated oak. The ground layer is dominated by bramble, and other plants include primrose and wood anemone. The wood is divided by grassy rides, and there are over twenty ponds. [44]
Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore - golf club area 5.jpg Green check.svg26.3 hectares (65 acres)PP Clacton-on-Sea
51°46′44″N1°07′52″E / 51.779°N 1.131°E / 51.779; 1.131 (Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore)
TM161136 		GCR [45] Map Citation Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine This site dates to the warm Hoxnian Stage around 400,000 years ago. Flint tools found there have made it the type site for the Clactonian, a core-and-flake industry of homo erectus, although paleontologists disagree whether it is really a separate industry from the Acheulian. [46] [47]
The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch 4.jpg Green check.svg3.8 hectares (9.4 acres)YES Burnham-on-Crouch
51°38′10″N0°46′30″E / 51.636°N 0.775°E / 51.636; 0.775 (The Cliff, Burnham-On-Crouch)
TQ921967 		GCR [48] [49] Map Citation Fossils birds dating to the Lower Eocene, around 55 to 48 million years ago, have been found at this site, and it has yielded the type material of two species. Considerable quantities of fossil fishes have also been found, mainly sharks, and it is the type locality for several species. [50]
Colne Estuary Colne Estuary - geograph.org.uk - 1182369.jpg Green check.svgGreen check.svg2,986.5 hectares (7,380 acres)YES Brightlingsea
51°49′N0°59′E / 51.81°N 0.99°E / 51.81; 0.99 (Colne Estuary)
TM062161 		EWT [51] GCR, [52] NCR, [51] NNR, [51] Ramsar, [15] SAC, [32] SPA [53] Map Citation The site has varied habitats, such as saltmarsh, mud flats, shingle spits and former gravel pits. It is of international importance for wintering brent geese and black-tailed godwits, and of national importance for six other bird species, including little terns. [51]
The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch 3.jpg Green check.svg9.3 hectares (23 acres)NO Kelvedon Hatch
51°40′12″N0°16′23″E / 51.67°N 0.273°E / 51.67; 0.273 (The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch)
TQ573992 		Map Citation The site is an ancient semi-natural wood in the valley of a small tributary of the River Roding. It is base-rich alder on the valley floor, and oak and hornbeam in other areas. The geology is complex, with areas of Claygate Beds and Bagshot Beds. [54]
Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea Cornmill Meadows.JPG Green check.svg25.1 hectares (62 acres)YES Waltham Abbey
51°41′35″N0°00′22″W / 51.693°N 0.006°W / 51.693; -0.006 (Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea)
TL379012 		Map Citation The slow-moving Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea form a freshwater habitat with one of the most diverse invertebrate fauna in Essex. Eighteen species of dragonflies and damselflies have been recorded, including the uncommon and nationally declining white-legged damselfly. [55]
Crouch and Roach Estuaries Mudflats at River Crouch estuary - geograph.org.uk - 395918.jpg Green check.svg1,729.1 hectares (4,273 acres)YES Burnham-on-Crouch
51°37′N0°44′E / 51.62°N 0.73°E / 51.62; 0.73 (Crouch and Roach Estuaries)
TQ889953 		EWT [56] [57] [58] [59] Ramsar, [15] SAC, [32] SPA [60] Map Citation The site is internationally important for wintering dark-bellied brent geese, and nationally important for black-tailed godwits, shelducks and shoveler ducks. There are invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, such as the ground lackey moth, and dense populations of the nationally scarce Roesel's bush-cricket. [61]
Curtismill Green Curtismill Green 17.jpg Green check.svg47.8 hectares (118 acres)YES Epping
51°38′42″N0°11′35″E / 51.645°N 0.193°E / 51.645; 0.193 (Curtismill Green)
TQ518963 		Map Citation This is unimproved grassland and scrub with both damp and dry areas, with a number of uncommon species. Notable plant species in grassland areas include Orange Foxtail, Lesser Spearwort and Yellow Rattle. [62]
Danbury Common Danbury Common - geograph.org.uk - 1282346.jpg Green check.svg71.0 hectares (175 acres)YES Danbury
51°42′32″N0°34′41″E / 51.709°N 0.578°E / 51.709; 0.578 (Danbury Common)
TL782043 		EWT, [63] [64] NT [65] Map Citation The common is one of the largest areas of heathland left in the county, and also has bracken and gorse scrub, and woodland with oak and birch. Upper parts are on glacial gravel, and lower down there is boggy heath. This is the main British site for the rosy marbled moth. [64]
Debden Water Debden Water 2.JPG Green check.svg21.3 hectares (53 acres)YES Newport
51°58′59″N0°13′55″E / 51.983°N 0.232°E / 51.983; 0.232 (Debden Water)
TL534340 		Map Citation The flood plain of the stream has tall fen vegetation, mainly common reed, while in some areas plants such as tussock sedge and lesser pond-sedge are locally dominant. Other habitats are neutral grassland, broad-leaved woodland and species-rich calcareous grassland. [66]
Dengie Tillingham Marshes - far eastern edge. - geograph.org.uk - 1311468.jpg Green check.svgGreen check.svg3,132.4 hectares (7,740 acres)YES Bradwell-on-Sea
51°41′N0°57′E / 51.69°N 0.95°E / 51.69; 0.95 (Dengie)
TM042037 		EWT, [67] GCR, [68] NCR, [69] NNR, [31] Ramsar, [15] SAC, [32] SPA [70] Map Citation This is a large area of tidal mudflats and salt marshes. It has internationally important winter populations of brent geese and grey plovers, and nationally significant numbers of knots, dunlins and turnstones. [69]
Elsenham Woods Elsenham Woods, Plegdon Wood 3.jpg Green check.svg44.4 hectares (110 acres)NO Elsenham
51°54′22″N0°16′05″E / 51.906°N 0.268°E / 51.906; 0.268 (Elsenham Woods)
TL561255 		Map Citation The site comprises two separate areas, the larger Eastend Wood and the smaller Plegdon Wood. They are both ancient mixed woods on chalky boulder clay. There are also damp grass rides and ponds which provide additional habitats for invertebrates and birds. [71]
Epping Forest Epping Forest, Strawberry Hill Pond - geograph.org.uk - 548653.jpg Green check.svg1,787.9 hectares (4,418 acres)YES Epping
51°39′N0°03′E / 51.65°N 0.05°E / 51.65; 0.05 (Epping Forest)
TQ418971 		EWT, [72] NCR, [72] SAC, [73] SM [74] [75] Map Citation The site has ancient semi-natural woodland, grassland and wetland. The invertebrate fauna is described by Natural England as "of outstanding national significance", including 66 subcortical (under bark) and dead wood fauna on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [72]
Foulness Saltings east of Tyle Barn Sluice - geograph.org.uk - 169489.jpg Green check.svg10,946.1 hectares (27,048 acres)PP Foulness
51°34′N0°55′E / 51.57°N 0.92°E / 51.57; 0.92 (Foulness)
TR022902 		EWT, [76] LNR, [77] NCR, [9] Ramsar, [15] SAC, [78] SPA [79] Map Citation This coastland site is of international importance for nine species of wildfowl and waders, such as dark-bellied brent geese. Rare plants include soft hornwort and spiral tasselwood, and the site is also important for invertebrates, with 71 nationally rare species. [9]
Garnetts Wood and Barnston Lays Wood Anemones in Garnetts Wood - geograph.org.uk - 401447.jpg Green check.svg25.0 hectares (62 acres)YES Great Dunmow
51°50′17″N0°22′23″E / 51.838°N 0.373°E / 51.838; 0.373 (Garnetts Wood / Barnston Lays)
TL636182 		Map Citation The site is coppiced woodland, mostly ancient, on glacial silt, sands, gravels and clay soils. It contains some of the best lime woodland in the county. There are two ponds, which have the unusual water purslane. [80]
Garrold's Meadow Garrold's Meadow.jpg Green check.svg5.0 hectares (12 acres)NO Leigh-on-Sea
51°34′05″N0°37′44″E / 51.568°N 0.629°E / 51.568; 0.629 (Garrold's Meadow)
TQ823887 		Map Citation This site is unimproved grassland on gravel in it southern part and clay in the north. There is also an area of marsh. The plant community is diverse, with a number of uncommon species. Grasses include common bent, sweet vernal grass and crested dog's-tail. [81]
Glemsford Pits Glemsford Pits 16.JPG Green check.svg33.2 hectares (82 acres)PP Glemsford
52°05′06″N0°40′52″E / 52.085°N 0.681°E / 52.085; 0.681 (Glemsford Pits)
TL838463 		Map Citation Thirteen species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded in these former gravel workings, including one which is rare in Britain, the ruddy darter dragonfly. Aquatic plants include the yellow water-lily and mare's tail. [82]
Globe Pit Globe Pit 3.JPG Green check.svg0.4 hectares (0.99 acres)NO Little Thurrock
51°28′44″N0°20′20″E / 51.479°N 0.339°E / 51.479; 0.339 (Globe Pit)
TQ625782 		GCR [83] Map Citation Natural England describes Globe Pit as "an important site for the interrelationship of archaeology with geology since it is vital in the correlation of the Lower Palaeolithic chronology with the Pleistocene Thames Terrace sequence". There are many Clactonian flint tools. [84]
Goldsands Road Pit Goldsands Road Pit 3.jpg Green check.svg1.2 hectares (3.0 acres)NO Southminster
51°39′22″N0°49′55″E / 51.656°N 0.832°E / 51.656; 0.832 (Goldsands Road Pit)
TQ960990 		GCR [85] Map Citation This site provides the earliest evidence of an ancient course of the combined Thames and Medway rivers, which flowed north-east across eastern Essex in the late Anglian period around 400,000 years ago. [86]
Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit Pond in the Pit - geograph.org.uk - 1055827.jpg Green check.svg17.3 hectares (43 acres)YES Grays
51°29′10″N0°18′58″E / 51.486°N 0.316°E / 51.486; 0.316 (Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit)
TQ609789 		EWT [87] [88] Map Citation This former chalk pit has a range of woodland, grassland and scrub habitats which are important for invertebrates. Beetles include two species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Mordellistena humeralis and Mordellistena neuwaldeggiana. [89]
Great Wood and Dodd's Grove Hadleigh Great Wood - geograph.org.uk - 991864.jpg Green check.svg37.1 hectares (92 acres)YES Leigh-on-Sea
51°33′32″N0°37′23″E / 51.559°N 0.623°E / 51.559; 0.623 (Great Wood and Dodd's Grove)
TQ819877 		EWT, [90] LNR [91] Map Citation This is a small remnant of the ancient Hadleigh Great Wood. It is coppiced oak woodland on sands, gravels and clay, and one of the largest areas of old woodland in the south of the county. Plants include the rare broad-leaved helleborine. [91]
Hainault Forest Sheep Water Pond, Hainault Forest - geograph.org.uk - 280577.jpg Green check.svg135.3 hectares (334 acres)YES Lambourne
51°37′23″N0°08′02″E / 51.623°N 0.134°E / 51.623; 0.134 (Hainault Forest)
TQ478937 		Map Citation The woodland and scrub in this country park have varied flora and fauna, including diverse breeding birds. The shrub layer has plants such as wood sorrel and butcher's-broom, and birds include wood warblers and spotted flycatchers. [92]
Hales and Shadwell Woods Shadwell Wood - geograph.org.uk - 1414033.jpg Green check.svg15.4 hectares (38 acres)PP Saffron Walden
52°02′35″N0°17′28″E / 52.043°N 0.291°E / 52.043; 0.291 (Hales and Shadwell Woods)
TL572408 		EWT, [93] NCR, [94] NNR [31] Map Citation The woods are ancient coppice wet ash and maple on chalky boulder clay. The shrub layer is diverse, with plants including the wayfaring-tree and the nationally uncommon oxlip. Seven species of orchid have been recorded in Shadwell Wood, which also has herb-rich grassy rides. [95]
Hall's Quarry Hall's Quarry 1.jpg Green check.svg0.7 hectares (1.7 acres)NO Elsenham
51°55′44″N0°12′22″E / 51.929°N 0.206°E / 51.929; 0.206 (Hall's Quarry)
TL518279 		GCR [96] Map Citation The site exposes glacial gravels, silts and tills deposited during the Anglian ice age around 450,000 years ago. It is described by Natural England as "extremely important for the study of the Anglian glaciation and its associated deposits". [97]
Hamford Water Kirby Quay from across the mud - geograph.org.uk - 790883.jpg Green check.svg2,188.6 hectares (5,408 acres)PP Walton-on-the-Naze
51°53′N1°14′E / 51.88°N 1.24°E / 51.88; 1.24 (Hamford Water)
TM230253 		EWT, [98] [99] [100] NCR, [98] NNR, [31] Ramsar, [15] SPA [101] Map Citation The site is a tidal inlet which has marsh grasslands, creeks, mud and sand flats, salt marshes, islands and beaches. It is internationally significant for breeding little terns and wintering dark-bellied brent geese. Rare plants include hog's fennel and slender hare's-ear. [98]
Hangman's Wood and Deneholes Denehole.jpg Green check.svg5.2 hectares (13 acres)YES Little Thurrock
51°29′20″N0°20′46″E / 51.489°N 0.346°E / 51.489; 0.346 (Hangman's Wood and Deneholes)
TQ630793 		SM [102] Map Citation The deneholes, which were created by medieval chalk mining, are the most important underground hibernation sites for bats in Essex, with three species; Brown long-eared bat, Natterer's bat and Daubenton's bat. The oak woodland is ancient, and it provides a feeding habitat for the bats. [11]
Hanningfield Reservoir Hanningfield reservoir.jpg Green check.svg402.9 hectares (996 acres)YES Chelmsford
51°39′22″N0°30′04″E / 51.656°N 0.501°E / 51.656; 0.501 (Hanningfield Reservoir)
TQ731982 		BSO, [103] EWT [104] Map Citation The reservoir has a nationally important population of gadwalls, and it also has significant numbers of pochards, teal, tufted ducks and pintails. The chalk sludge lagoon has several unusual plants, and there is a rare moss Brachythecium mildeanum at the foot of the southern dam. [105]
Harlow Woods Parndon Wood Conservation Centre - geograph.org.uk - 400605.jpg Green check.svg45.2 hectares (112 acres)YES Harlow
51°44′24″N0°05′02″E / 51.74°N 0.084°E / 51.74; 0.084 (Harlow Woods)
TL440066 		LNR [106] [107] Map Citation The woods are mainly pedunculate oak and hornbeam, and other trees include ash, hazel and birch. There are also some elms which are regenerating from coppice following Dutch elm disease. [106]
Harwich Foreshore Harwich Foreshore 1.jpg Green check.svg10.3 hectares (25 acres)YES Harwich
51°56′24″N1°17′28″E / 51.940°N 1.291°E / 51.940; 1.291 (Harwich Foreshore)
TM263320 		GCR [108] Map Citation This site exposes bands of ash from explosive volcanoes in Scotland during the Eocene epoch around 50 million years ago. It also has many London Clay fossils from the Eocene rainforest, including mammals such as Hyracotherium, the earliest ancestor of the horse. [109]
Hatfield Forest The Lake, Hatfield Forest - geograph.org.uk - 100764.jpg Green check.svg410.8 hectares (1,015 acres)YES Bishop's Stortford
51°51′22″N0°13′37″E / 51.856°N 0.227°E / 51.856; 0.227 (Hatfield Forest)
TL535198 		NCR, [94] NNR, [31] NT, [110] SM, [111] Map Citation This is the last Royal Forest to remain nearly intact. It has ancient coppice woodland, scrub, unimproved grassland, a large lake and extensive marshes. The woodland is mainly wet ash and maple. There are many rare plants and over sixty bird species. [112]
High Wood, Dunmow Old gatehouse at High Wood, Gt. Dunmow, Essex - geograph.org.uk - 241537.jpg Green check.svg41.5 hectares (103 acres)NO Great Dunmow
51°52′23″N0°19′37″E / 51.873°N 0.327°E / 51.873; 0.327 (High Wood, Dunmow)
TL603219 		Map Citation The site on boulder clay and loess has areas of wet ash and maple woodland, and others of pedunculate oak and hornbeam. Some areas are ancient woodland. There is a diverse layer of ground flora, and damp woodland rides provide additional habitat for birds and invertebrates. [113]
Hockley Woods Oak and Birch standards - geograph.org.uk - 173773.jpg Green check.svg92.1 hectares (228 acres)YES Hockley
51°35′38″N0°38′35″E / 51.594°N 0.643°E / 51.594; 0.643 (Hockley Woods)
TQ832917 		LNR [114] Map Citation The woods are on pre-glacial gravels and clay, with trees including hornbeam, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, birch and hazel. Ground flora include three species of orchid, and there is a stream and area of bog. [115]
Holehaven Creek Holehaven Creek, from Seawall Footpath, Canvey Island - geograph.org.uk - 1050838.jpg Green check.svg272.8 hectares (674 acres)YES Canvey Island
51°31′19″N0°31′30″E / 51.522°N 0.525°E / 51.522; 0.525 (Holehaven Creek)
TQ753834 		Map Citation The creek's intertidal marshes and mudflats support nationally important (and occasionally internationally) numbers of wintering black-tailed godwits. Curlews and dunlins are also sometimes present in nationally significant numbers. [116]
Holland Haven Marshes Holland Haven Country Park - view from bird hide 5.jpg Green check.svg210.6 hectares (520 acres)PP Clacton-on-Sea
51°48′58″N1°12′29″E / 51.816°N 1.208°E / 51.816; 1.208 (Holland Haven Marshes)
TM212179 		LNR [117] Map Citation A network of ditches radiates from Holland Brook. These ditches have several nationally scarce aquatic plant species, such as brackish water crowfoot and divided sedge. There are also rare invertebrates, including one on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the soldier fly Stratiomys singularior. [118]
Holland-on-Sea Cliff Holland-on-Sea Cliff 1.jpg Green check.svg0.1 hectares (0.25 acres)YES Clacton-on-Sea
51°48′14″N1°12′22″E / 51.804°N 1.206°E / 51.804; 1.206 (Holland-On-Sea Cliff)
TM211166 		GCR [119] Map Citation This is the type site for the "Lower Holland Gravel", which was laid down by the River Thames before the river was diverted south during the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago, and also for the "Upper Thames Gravel", which was deposited when the Thames was blocked by ice. [10]
Hunsdon Mead River Stort and its wetlands at Hunsdon Mead, Hertfordshire.jpg Green check.svg34.2 hectares (85 acres)YES Harlow
51°46′44″N0°03′14″E / 51.779°N 0.054°E / 51.779; 0.054 (Hunsdon Mead)
TL418109 		EWT, [120] HMWT [121] Map Citation This is unimproved grassland which is subject to winter flooding. Notable grass species include meadow brome and the quaking grass Briza media , and there are other unusual flora such as pepper saxifrage and green-winged orchid. [122]
Inner Thames Marshes Cattle Grazing, Aveley Marshes - geograph.org.uk - 1601490.jpg Green check.svg485.9 hectares (1,201 acres)YES Purfleet
51°30′00″N0°12′14″E / 51.500°N 0.204°E / 51.500; 0.204 (Inner Thames Marshes)
TQ531802 		RSPB [123] Map Citation The marshes have a diverse bird population, including internationally important numbers of wintering teal. There are nationally scarce invertebrates such as the water beetles agabus conspersus and haliplus apicalis , the scarce emerald damselfly, and the meniscus midge dixella attica . [124]
Lion Pit Lion Pit 7.jpg Green check.svg2.4 hectares (5.9 acres)YES Grays
51°28′44″N0°17′53″E / 51.479°N 0.298°E / 51.479; 0.298 (Lion Pit)
TQ597781 		EWT, [87] [88] GCR [125] Map Citation Evidence has been found on this site of flint-knapping using the Levallois technique by Neanderthals 200,000 years ago, and it has even been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes. Fossils have been found of mammals including, rhinoceros, bison, mammoth and straight-tusked elephant. [12]
Little Hallingbury Marsh Little Hallingbury Marsh 4.JPG Green check.svg4.5 hectares (11 acres)NO Little Hallingbury
51°49′59″N0°09′43″E / 51.833°N 0.162°E / 51.833; 0.162 (Little Hallingbury Marsh)
TL491171 		Map Citation The site is unimproved wet grassland and fen, which contains uncommon and declining swamp plant species. The site is also of interest for overwintering birds and aquatic insects, especially dragonflies. [126]
Little Oakley Channel Deposit Little Oakley Channel Deposit 3.jpg Green check.svg3.0 hectares (7.4 acres)NO Little Oakley
51°55′16″N1°13′52″E / 51.921°N 1.231°E / 51.921; 1.231 (Little Oakley Channel Deposit)
TM223296 		GCR [127] Map Citation This site exposed a former channel of the River Thames during an interglacial period around 575,000 years ago. Many fossils were found, including rhinoceros and an extensive pollen record, allowing geologists to reconstruct the fauna and flora. [128]
Lofts Farm Pit Lofts Farm Pit 5.jpg Green check.svg5.0 hectares (12 acres)NO Maldon
51°45′00″N0°41′56″E / 51.75°N 0.699°E / 51.75; 0.699 (Lofts Farm Pit)
TL864091 		GCR [129] Map Citation Many fossils have been found dating to the last Ice Age, 110,000 to 12,000 years ago. Finds included reindeer, woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros. The site is in the "Blackwater Terrace Gravel", dating to a time when the River Blackwater was a tributary of the Thames-Medway River. [130]
Maldon Cutting Maldon Cutting.jpg Green check.svg0.2 hectares (0.49 acres)NO Maldon
51°43′44″N0°39′50″E / 51.729°N 0.664°E / 51.729; 0.664 (Maldon Cutting)
TL841067 		GCR [131] Map Citation The site is a former railway cutting which is the type locality for the Maldon Till, which dates to the Pleistocene ice age. It was previously thought to represent a separate advance of the ice sheet, but in the light of later work it was concluded that it is an outlier of the till which covers much of central and northern Essex. [132]
Marks Tey Brickpit Marks Tey Brickpit 2.jpg Green check.svg29.8 hectares (74 acres)NO Marks Tey
51°52′59″N0°46′30″E / 51.883°N 0.775°E / 51.883; 0.775 (Marks Tey Brickpit)
TL911242 		GCR [133] Map Citation This site has a record of pollen throughout the Hoxnian interglacial around 400,000 years ago, and this is the best vegetational record for any British interglacial site. Seasonal layers in lake sediments have made it possible to estimate the duration of the Hoxnian. [134]
Mill Meadows, Billericay Mill Meadows, Billericay 6.jpg Green check.svg6.8 hectares (17 acres)YES Billericay
51°37′16″N0°25′37″E / 51.621°N 0.427°E / 51.621; 0.427 (Mill Meadows, Billericay)
TQ681941 		LNR [135] Map Citation Five sloping fields on London Clay are separated by old hedge lines. Some areas are wet, and the main grasses are red fescue and common bent. Flowers include harebell and common spotted orchid, and there are herbs such as pignut. [136]
Mucking Flats and Marshes Mucking Flats - geograph.org.uk - 220363.jpg Green check.svg312.7 hectares (773 acres)PP Tilbury
51°29′06″N0°26′38″E / 51.485°N 0.444°E / 51.485; 0.444 (Mucking Flats and Marshes)
TQ698791 		Ramsar, [137] SPA [138] Map Citation Wildfowl and waders feed and roost on the mudflats and marshes, with internationally important numbers of ringed plover, and nationally significant shelducks, grey plovers, dunlins, black-tailed godwits and redshanks. [139]
The Naze Cliffs at the Naze - geograph.org.uk - 1187867.jpg Green check.svg24.9 hectares (62 acres)YES Walton-on-the-Naze
51°51′54″N1°17′24″E / 51.865°N 1.290°E / 51.865; 1.290 (The Naze)
TM266236 		GCR [140] Map Citation This is the type site for the Waltonian, the first British stage of the Pleistocene. It also has many plant and bird fossils dating to the Eocene, and it is described by Natural England as important in the study of avian evolution. [141]
Newney Green Pit Newney Green Pit.jpg Green check.svg0.1 hectares (0.25 acres)NO Writtle
51°43′55″N0°23′06″E / 51.732°N 0.385°E / 51.732; 0.385 (Newney Green Pit)
TL648064 		GCR [142] Map Citation This former quarry exposed the Kesgrave (Thames) Gravel, dating to the Cromerian interglacial around 500,000 years ago. Higher layers displayed the transition from this warm period to the succeeding severe Anglian ice age. [143]
Norsey Wood Part of Norsey Wood - geograph.org.uk - 756213.jpg Green check.svg65.6 hectares (162 acres)YES Billericay
51°37′55″N0°26′10″E / 51.632°N 0.436°E / 51.632; 0.436 (Norsey Wood)
TQ687954 		LNR, [144] SM [145] Map Citation This is ancient oak woodland on acid soil which has been converted to mixed sweet chestnut coppice. There are sphagnum mosses in acidic flushes, and the rare water violet in one of the four ponds. There are nine species of dragonfly. [146] Archaeological features include a Bronze Age bowl barrow. [145]
Nunn Wood Nunn Wood 12.JPG Green check.svg9.5 hectares (23 acres)YES Saffron Walden
52°03′43″N0°16′37″E / 52.062°N 0.277°E / 52.062; 0.277 (Nunn Wood)
TL562429 		Map Citation The site is an ancient coppice wood on chalky boulder clay. It is mainly hornbeam with other trees such as pedunculate oak, ash and field maple. Flowers include the nationally uncommon oxlip, and one of the largest colonies of early purple orchids. [147]
Pitsea Marsh Pitsea Marsh 2.JPG Green check.svg92.3 hectares (228 acres)PP Pitsea
51°33′04″N0°30′25″E / 51.551°N 0.507°E / 51.551; 0.507 (Pitsea Marsh)
TQ739866 		Map Citation The site has a variety of habitats, such as grassland, scrub, reedbed, fen, ponds and saltmarsh. Dykes and ponds support the scarce emerald damselfly, and other rare invertebrates include Roesel's bush-cricket and the hoverfly xanthandrus comtus . [148]
Purfleet Chalk Pits Purfleet Chalk Pits 3.JPG Green check.svg9.8 hectares (24 acres)PP Purfleet
51°28′59″N0°15′00″E / 51.483°N 0.25°E / 51.483; 0.25 (Purfleet Chalk Pits)
TQ563784 		GCR [149] Map Citation The chalk pits expose sands and gravels which are associated with the ancient course of the River Thames. [150] The site has been occupied by early humans at several different periods, [151] and MIS9, between about 335,000 and 280,000 years ago, is often informally called the Purfleet interglacial. [152]
Purfleet Road, Aveley Purfleet Road, Aveley 6.JPG Green check.svg4.0 hectares (9.9 acres)YES Aveley
51°29′46″N0°14′20″E / 51.496°N 0.239°E / 51.496; 0.239 (Purfleet Road, Aveley)
TQ555798 		Map Citation This site dates to the interglacial period, MIS7, around 200,000 years ago. It has yielded mollusc insect and mammal fossils, including the first jungle cat discovered in Britain. [153]
Quendon Wood Quendon Wood 1.JPG Green check.svg33.5 hectares (83 acres)PP Stansted Mountfitchet
51°56′46″N0°12′18″E / 51.946°N 0.205°E / 51.946; 0.205 (Quendon Wood)
TL516298 		Map Citation The site has ancient coppiced woods with a rich variety of fauna on different types of soil. It is mainly pedunculate oak/hornbeam woodland, with some areas having ash/maple, and others the rare birch/hazel variant. Plants in the understorey include wild daffodils and herb-paris. [154]
Riddles Wood Riddles Wood 8.jpg Green check.svg37.9 hectares (94 acres)NO Clacton-on-Sea
51°49′12″N1°05′17″E / 51.820°N 1.088°E / 51.820; 1.088 (Riddles Wood)
TM129180 		Map Citation The site has varied ancient pedunculate oak and hazel in some areas and oak and hornbeam in others, as well as chestnut coppice. The soils are glacial gravels in the west and London Clay in the east. Flower include the rare orpine. [155]
River Ter River Ter SSSI 1.jpg Green check.svg6.4 hectares (16 acres)PP Great Leighs
51°48′47″N0°10′48″E / 51.813°N 0.18°E / 51.813; 0.18 (River Ter)
TL737157 		GCR [156] Map Citation The site is a stretch of the River Ter and its banks which is representative of a type of lowland stream on glacial till, with a low base flow but high flood peaks, and other features such as pool-riffle sequences and bank erosion. [157]
Roding Valley Meadows River Roding in Roding Valley Meadows 1.JPG Green check.svg19.3 hectares (48 acres)YES Chigwell
51°38′17″N0°04′26″E / 51.638°N 0.074°E / 51.638; 0.074 (Roding Valley Meadows)
TQ436953 		EWT, [158] LNR [159] Map Citation The meadows are bordered to the south west by the River Roding. They form one of the largest areas of grassland in Essex which are traditionally managed as hay meadows, flood meadows and marshland. Plants include the largest beds in Essex of the rare brown sedge. [160]
Roman River Memories of Friday Wood - geograph.org.uk - 1419028.jpg Green check.svg282.0 hectares (697 acres)YES Colchester
51°50′56″N0°54′14″E / 51.849°N 0.904°E / 51.849; 0.904 (Roman River)
TM001207 		Map Citation There are areas of woodland, grassland, fen, scrub and heath. The woodland, which is mainly ancient, has over a thousand species of moths and butterflies, and nearly seventy of breeding birds, including hawfinches, tree pipits and yellow wagtails. [161]
Sandbeach Meadows Sandbeach Meadows 2.jpg Green check.svg29.4 hectares (73 acres)FP Bradwell-on-Sea
51°42′32″N0°55′26″E / 51.709°N 0.924°E / 51.709; 0.924 (Sandbeach Meadows)
TM021052 		Map Citation The site is almost the only survivor of the formerly extensive Dengie grazing marshes, and in the winter it supports a nationally important population of dark-bellied brent geese. Several ditches have meanders which survive from when they were salt-marsh creeks. [162]
St Osyth Pit St Osyth Pit 1.jpg Green check.svg0.1 hectares (0.25 acres)NO St Osyth
51°48′40″N1°04′23″E / 51.811°N 1.073°E / 51.811; 1.073 (St Osyth Pit)
TM119170 		GCR [163] Map Citation The site has a succession of deposits which throw light of the diversion of the River Thames south to its present course during the Anglian Ice Age around 450,000 years ago, including fine gravel deposited during a brief period when the Thames was blocked by ice. [164]
Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey Copperas Wood - geograph.org.uk - 1364454.jpg Green check.svg78.2 hectares (193 acres)YES Wrabness
51°56′13″N1°11′20″E / 51.937°N 1.189°E / 51.937; 1.189 (Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey)
TM193313 		EWT, [165] RSPB, [166] SAONB, [167] WT [168] Map Citation The site is ancient coppiced woodland on the southern shore of Stour Estuary, and is the only area in the county where woodland and coastal habitats meet. The dominant tree is chestnut, with a ground layer of bramble. Other plants include yellow archangel and dog's mercury. [169]
Stour Estuary By the Stour estuary - geograph.org.uk - 1602084.jpg Green check.svgGreen check.svg2,248.0 hectares (5,555 acres)PP Wrabness
51°57′N1°10′E / 51.95°N 1.16°E / 51.95; 1.16 (Stour Estuary)
TM173327 		EWT, [170] GCR, [171] LNR, [172] NCR, [173] Ramsar, [15] RSPB, [166] SAONB, [167] SPA [174] Map Citation The estuary is nationally important for thirteen species of wintering wildfowl and three on autumn passage, and also for coastal saltmarsh, sheltered muddy shores, two scarce marine invertebrates, rare plant assemblages and three geological sites. [175]
Thorndon Park Ride with windthrow, Thorndon Park, Essex - geograph.org.uk - 1512314.jpg Green check.svg148.5 hectares (367 acres)YES Brentwood
51°35′46″N0°19′26″E / 51.596°N 0.324°E / 51.596; 0.324 (Thorndon Park)
TQ611911 		Map Citation The site is semi-natural woodland and ancient parkland. It has a diverse population of beetles, including one which is rare and threatened in Britain. The parkland has old oak pollards on acid or neutral grassland. [176]
Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers Thrift Wood, Woodham Mortimer - geograph.org.uk - 230542.jpg Green check.svg19.5 hectares (48 acres)YES Bicknacre
51°41′10″N0°35′24″E / 51.686°N 0.59°E / 51.686; 0.59 (Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers)
TL791018 		EWT [177] Map Citation The site is an ancient semi-natural wood on acid soil. Wild service trees and elders are found in the shrub layer, and a pond has a raised sphagnum bog. Twenty species of butterfly have been recorded. [178]
Thundersley Great Common Thundersley Great Common in Winter - geograph.org.uk - 546237.jpg Green check.svg9.0 hectares (22 acres)YES Thundersley
51°34′26″N0°35′20″E / 51.574°N 0.589°E / 51.574; 0.589 (Thundersley Great Common)
TQ795893 		Map Citation The site is in two separate areas, and has a variety of grass and heath habitats. There is wet and dry heathland, both unusual in Essex, locally uncommon plants. Ponds which dry up in the summer provide an additional habitat. [179]
Tiptree Heath Tiptree Heath - geograph.org.uk - 153919.jpg Green check.svg24.6 hectares (61 acres)YES Tiptree
51°47′53″N0°43′41″E / 51.798°N 0.728°E / 51.798; 0.728 (Tiptree Heath)
TL882146 		EWT [180] Map Citation This is the largest surviving area of heathland in Essex, and has a number of plants rare in the county. It is dominated by heather and bent grass. [181] A small herd of Dexter cattle help to control the growth of invasive scrub. [180]
Turnford and Cheshunt Pits North Met Pit, Cheshunt Gravel Pits - geograph.org.uk - 465961.jpg Green check.svg174.4 hectares (431 acres)YES Waltham Abbey
51°42′22″N0°01′08″W / 51.706°N 0.019°W / 51.706; -0.019 (Turnford and Cheshunt Pits)
TL370027 		SPA [182] Map Citation This site includes ten former gravel pits, which are of national importance for wintering gadwalls and shovelers. It is also valuable for invertebrates, especially grasshoppers and bush-crickets. [183]
Upper Colne Marshes Roman River at Rowhedge - geograph.org.uk - 999812.jpg Green check.svg113.2 hectares (280 acres)PP Wivenhoe
51°51′25″N0°57′14″E / 51.857°N 0.954°E / 51.857; 0.954 (Upper Colne Marshes)
TM035217 		Map Citation The site has grazing marshes, salt tidal marshes, beaches, sea walls and intertidal mud. It has an important assemblage of nationally scarce plants and diverse ditch types. Insects include the nationally scarce Roesel's bush-cricket. [184]
Vange and Fobbing Marshes Broken Footbridge in Vange Marsh - geograph.org.uk - 60026.jpg Green check.svg167.3 hectares (413 acres)YES Basildon
51°31′55″N0°29′28″E / 51.532°N 0.491°E / 51.532; 0.491 (Vange and Fobbing Marshes)
TQ729844 TQ725867 		RSPB [185] Map Citation The marshes are unimproved coastal grassland, dykes and creeks, with a wide variety of maritime herbs and grasses, some of them nationally rare. The site is the main British location for least lettuce. Insects with restricted distributions include the scarce emerald damselfly. [186]
Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills, Waltham Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 1366239.jpg Green check.svg33.8 hectares (84 acres)YES Waltham Abbey
51°41′56″N0°00′43″W / 51.699°N 0.012°W / 51.699; -0.012 (Waltham Abbey)
TL375019 		Map Citation The site is alder woodland on damp soils, with other trees including sycamore, ash and crack willow. The trees were planted around 1700 to provide charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder, and planting ceased at the time of the First World War. [187]
Weeleyhall Wood Path Through Weeley Hall Wood - geograph.org.uk - 1335023.jpg Green check.svg31.6 hectares (78 acres)YES Weeley
51°50′42″N1°07′55″E / 51.845°N 1.132°E / 51.845; 1.132 (Weeleyhall Wood)
TM158209 		EWT [188] Map Citation It has a variety of woodland types, reflecting diverse soils. It is mainly pedunculate oak over a layer of coppice hazel and sweet chestnut planted in the nineteenth century. There are two ponds and species-rich damp, grassy rides. [189]
West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes Bushes, West Thurrock Marshes - geograph.org.uk - 1594209.jpg Green check.svg66.5 hectares (164 acres)PP West Thurrock
51°27′50″N0°16′34″E / 51.464°N 0.276°E / 51.464; 0.276 (West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes)
TQ582763 		Map Citation The site is important for wintering waders and wildfowl which feed on the mudflats. Reed warblers and bearded tits breed on reed beds in the lagoon, and teals and grey herons roost on the shallow waters and grassy islands. [190]
West Wood, Little Sampford West Wood 1.jpg Green check.svg23.9 hectares (59 acres)YES Thaxted
51°58′26″N0°21′25″E / 51.974°N 0.357°E / 51.974; 0.357 (West Wood, Little Sampford)
TL620332 		EWT [191] Map Citation The site is ancient woodland on chalky boulder clay and sandy loam. There is a rich variety of plants in wetter areas, such as oxlip and meadow-sweet. [192] There are many species of birds and butterflies, and four ponds which have great crested newts, dragonflies and damselflies. [191]
Wivenhoe Gravel Pit Wivenhoe Gravel Pit 3.JPG Green check.svg1.0 hectare (2.5 acres)YES Wivenhoe
51°52′19″N0°58′37″E / 51.872°N 0.977°E / 51.872; 0.977 (Wivenhoe Gravel Pit)
TM050235 		GCR [193] Map Citation The site is the type locality for the Wivenhoe Gravel, which was laid down by the River Thames before it was diverted south to its present course by the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago. The site is important for establishing the previous course of the Thames. [194]
Woodham Walter Common Woodham Walter Common - geograph.org.uk - 1382413.jpg Green check.svg79.7 hectares (197 acres)YES Danbury
51°43′44″N0°35′24″E / 51.729°N 0.590°E / 51.729; 0.590 (Woodham Walter Common)
TL790065 		EWT [195] Map Citation The site is on glacial sand and gravel over London Clay. it has a number of areas of oak and hornbeam woodland on former heathland. It also has two botanically rich valleys, each of which has a stream along it. [196]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 The area and grid reference are taken from the "Details" page for each site on the Natural England database. [8]
  2. ↑ The maps are provided by Natural England on the Magic Map website.
  3. ↑ Citations are provided for each site by Natural England.

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust</span> Charitable organisation focused on environmental conservation in Leicestershire and Rutland, UK

The Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT) is one of 46 wildlife trusts across the United Kingdom. It manages nature reserves in Leicestershire and Rutland, and was founded in 1956 as the Leicestershire and Rutland Trust for Nature Conservation. As of January 2018, it has over 16,000 members, a staff of about 25 and more than 500 volunteers. It is based in Leicester, and is managed by a Council of Trustees which is elected by the members. It is a charity which covers all aspects of nature conservation, and works to protect wild places and wildlife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suffolk Wildlife Trust</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire</span> Charity in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust</span> Wildlife conservation charity

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dengie nature reserve</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crouch and Roach Estuaries</span> Nature reserve in Essex, England

The Crouch and Roach Estuaries are a 1729 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) at the mouth of the Crouch and Roach rivers in Essex. The Crouch part of the SSSI stretches from near Battlesbridge to Foulness Island, and the Roach from Rochford to the junction with the Crouch. Part of the site is in the Mid-Essex Coast Special Protection Area under the EC Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds, and a Ramsar wetland site of international importance. It is also part of the Essex Estuaries Special Area of Conservation. An area of 65 hectares is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust as the Lion Creek and Lower Raypits nature reserve and 8 hectares at Woodham Fen, both of which are managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. A small area is also a geological SSSI, The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbotts Hall Farm</span>

Abbotts Hall Farm is a 282 hectare nature reserve in Great Wigborough in Essex. It is the head office of the Essex Wildlife Trust, which manages the site. It is also part of the Blackwater Estuary National Nature Reserve, Site of Special Scientific Interest, Ramsar site, Special Protection Area and Special Area of Conservation, It is an important archaeological site, and includes a Scheduled Monument, Great Wigborough henge.

References

  1. ↑ "East of England". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  2. ↑ Yorke, B. A. E. (2014). "Essex". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 174–75. ISBN   978-0-631-22492-1.
  3. ↑ "Essex". British Services. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  4. ↑ "Essex PEEL 2015: More about this area". Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  5. ↑ "2011 Census (first release) Summary - Essex, districts & unitary areas". Essex Insight. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  6. ↑ "Local government structure". Essex County Council. Archived from the original on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  7. ↑ "Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Designation". Natural England. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Designated Sites View: Essex". Natural England. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 "Foulness citation" (PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
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