This is a list of electronic toll collection systems in use on toll roads throughout the world.
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Open Road (ORT) E-tolling on the Gauteng Freeway system started on 3 December 2013. The cost for the ETC system to toll 187 km of roads was R20bn. Electronic Toll Collection (Pty) Ltd (ETC), a subsidiary of Kapsch TrafficCom AG, is the contracted company that designed, built and is still operating the system, and in turn oversees the Transaction Clearing House (TCH) which oversees customer accounts, and the Violation Processing Centre (VPC) which will follow procedures against payment defaulters. Vehicles are identified electronically without any cash transactions taking place on the road or highway. Vehicle identification is facilitated by an e-tag or a vehicle license plate number which is recorded by overhead cameras installed on gantries, and interpreted by computer.
The system was widely denounced, and poor compliance affected SANRAL's credit rating. A public coalition known as 'Opposition to Urban Tolling Alliance', later renamed Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse (OUTA), launched initiatives to frustrate e-tolling's implementation, and a trade union, law firm and church were among the dissenting voices. OUTA believed the system to be unlawful and approached the high court in 2012, which ruled that the GFIP was lawfully instituted, but denied SANRAL a punitive costs order. In 2014 OUTA launched the Rule of Law campaign and promised to challenge the legality of procedures against payment defaulters.
In the first six months the overdue toll fees of unregistered road users accrued to R1 billion, and the Gauteng government acknowledged the dissatisfaction of motorists. Sanral CEO Skhumbuzo Macozoma confirmed in Sep 2020 that Gauteng's e-toll compliance rate before the COVID-19 pandemic was at 20%, collecting only R60-million a month.
The Nairobi Expressway is a 27 kilometres (17 mi) toll road in Kenya. ETC started operation in 2022 with users needing to top-up their ETC accounts prior to using the service. ETC users on the Nairobi Expressway enjoy a 5% discount off all trips. [5]
ETC has operated in China since June 2014. In December 2014, 13 provinces supported ETC. By December 2015, it was accepted in 29 provinces. Plans vary by province and bank, and discounted rates (usually 5% off) may be available in some areas. The MoT scheduled to cancel all cross-provinces and cross-junctions toll booths in 2019, by renovating toll booths in all entries and exits, plus installing barrels (like how Electronic Road Pricing in Singapore works) on the province borders to fully support non-stop payments, and hence all such toll booths were closed by January 2020. [6]
Type of payment: prepaid card, some Chinese debit card (depends on at which bank one's ETC account was opened), some Chinese credit cards (depends on at which bank one's ETC account was opened), and (in some provinces) Alipay and WeChat pay. There is usually an up front payment for new users. Wherever a Chinese ETC account is opened, it is accepted nationwide as long as ETC is supported in that area.
Some emergency services vehicles, such as fire trucks and military vehicles also have ETC e-tags installed by MEM and MND.
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huitong Card | Expressways Toll roads Parking places Custom checkpoints | Anhui Government | Anhui Province Expressway Network Operation Co Ltd | Anhui |
| Sutong Card | Beijing Government | Beijing Sutong Technology Co Ltd | Beijing | |
| Tianjin Government | Tianjin | |||
| Tongyu Card | Chongqing Government | Chongqing Expressways Corp. | Chongqing | |
| Mintong Card | Fujian Government | Fujian Expressway ETC toll center | Fujian | |
| E-Serve | Guangdong Government | Guangdong Unitoll Co Ltd | GD-HK-MO | |
| Baguixing Card | Guangxi Government | Guangxi Jietong Expressway Technology Co Ltd | Guangxi | |
| Low Carbon Driving Card | Hebei Government | Hebei Expressway Bureau | Hebei | |
| Zhongyuantong | Henan Government | Henan Shibo Electronic Co Ltd | Henan | |
| Heilongjiang ETC Card | Heilongjiang Government | Heilongjiang ETC Bureau | Heilongjiang | |
| Hubei ETC VIP | Hubei Government | Hubei Expressway Network Toll collecting Center | Hubei | |
| Xiangtong Card | Hunan Government | Hunan Expressway Jietong Informations Co Ltd | Hunan | |
| Mengtong Card | Inner Mongolia Government | Inner Mongolia | ||
| Sutong Card | Jiangsu Government | Jiangsu Expressway Network Operation Co Ltd | Jiangsu | |
| Gantong Card | Jiangxi Government | Jiangxi Expressway Networking Management Center | Jiangxi | |
| Jilin Government | Jilin | |||
| Liaoning Government | Liaoning Province Expressway Industrial Development Co Ltd | Liaoning | ||
| Sanqintong | Shaanxi Government | Shaanxi Province Expressway E-pay Co Ltd | Shaanxi | |
| Lutong Card | Shandong Government | Shandong Expressway Collecting Center | Shandong | |
| Xinlian Card | Shandong Expressway Xinlian Co Ltd | |||
| Hutong Card | Shanghai Government | SPTCC | Shanghai | |
| Kuaitong Card | Shanxi Government | Shanxi Transportation Informations Co Ltd | Shanxi | |
| Zhejiang ETC Card | Zhejiang Government | Zhejiang Highway Bureau | Zhejiang |
There are no known payment systems and toll booths for expressways in Hainan and Tibet, because:
Covers toll roads and tunnels in Hong Kong; 220,000 users making 320,000 daily transactions.
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Operated by |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 toll roads and tunnels | Autotoll (formerly Autopass or Electronic Toll Systems Ltd. (both merged with Autotoll) |
ETC started operation in 2001. It covers toll roads and tunnels in Japan; there are 6,000,000 daily transactions with a usage ratio of 90%. [7]
hi-pass, operated by Korea Expressway Corporation, covers all national express roads and several BTO/BTL roads in South Korea. From 2013, transportation cards the (T-money, Cashbee, and Hanpay) are compatible with existing hi-pass system.
Taiwan's ETC systems have been operating since February 10, 2006. It transitioned from OBU (infrared-based) to e-Tag (passive RFID-based) MLFF as of 2012, and started live operations in December 2013.
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Operated by |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sun Yat-sen Freeway, Formosa Freeway (21 toll stations) | Highway | Taiwan Area Freeway Bureau | Far Eastern Electronic Toll Collection Co. (FETC) |
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highway 6 | Highway | Derech Eretz | Israel | |
| Sheikh Zayed Road | Government of Dubai (However, not all of Sheikh Zayed Road) | RTA | Dubai, UAE | |
| Al Garhoud Bridge | ||||
| Al Maktoum Bridge | Arterial Roads | |||
| Beirut Street | ||||
| Ahvaz-Bandar Emam Freeway | Freeway | ETC | Bank Maskan | Iran |
| Tehran-Pardis Freeway | ||||
| Tehran-Qom Freeway |
FASTag is the electronic toll collection system in India, operated by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). [8] [9] It employs RFID for making toll payments directly from the prepaid balance or savings account linked to it. A transponder is affixed on the windscreen of the vehicle and it enables the user to drive through toll plazas without stopping for transactions. FASTag has unlimited validity. Dedicated lanes at some toll plazas have been built for FASTag. As of September 2019, FASTag lanes are available on over 500 national and state highways and over 35.23 million cars are enabled with FASTag. [10] From 15 February 2021, FASTag was made mandatory for all vehicles and toll plazas in the country. [11]
M-Tag is the electronic toll collection system deployed on the motorways of Pakistan by One Network. It includes a system of automated and centrally connected electronic toll collection system utilizing the latest technology. https://onenetwork.pk/
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Branded as | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colombo – Katunayake Expressway | Expressway | Road Development Authority | E-Tag | Expressway Operation Maintenance and Management Division-Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka |
In the early 2010s Bank Mandiri introduced the e-Tollcard (now Mandiri e-money) contactless charge card, which monopolized the Electronic Toll Collection system in Indonesia's expressways for a time.
Since October 31, 2017 all expressways in Indonesia no longer accept cash tolls.
Toll booths only accept contactless charge cards as part of a greater "National Non-Cash Movement" [12] (Gerakan Nasional Non Tunai, GNNT) organized by the central bank. As of the time of the switchover, charge cards issued by the three state-owned banks Bank Mandiri, BNI, and BRI, as well as those issued by BCA, or co-branded with those four banks, were accepted. Jakcard from Bank DKI and BSB Cash from Bank Sumsel Babel are also accepted in local toll roads.
This is also a part of the Government of Indonesia's plan to eradicate toll booths and replace them with open-road tolling (officially called Multi-Lane Free Flow, MLFF by the government) similar to the ETC system in Taiwan.
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Branded as | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaysian expressway networks | Highways/Expressway | Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (Malaysia Highway Authority) | Smart TAG Touch 'n Go Touch 'n Go eWallet RFiD | Touch 'n Go Sdn Bhd | Nationwide |
There are two brands of RFID electronic toll collection systems in the country: Easytrip for expressways operated by Metro Pacific Investments and Autosweep for those operated by San Miguel Corporation. [13] Both types were aimed to become interoperable sometime in 2020, [14] as the Department of Transportation will start requiring users to register to either ETC system by January 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [15] Currently, there are no plans for the country to use open road tolling.
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metro Manila Skyway | Elevated Highway | Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corporation | AutoSweep RFID (Vendeka Toll Collection System) [16] | Metro Manila |
| NAIA Expressway | Vertex Tollways Development, Inc | AutoSweep RFID (Vendeka Toll Collection System) [16] | ||
| North Luzon Expressway | Highway | NLEX Corporation | Easytrip | Luzon and Metro Manila |
| Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway | AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation | AutoSweep RFID | ||
| Manila–Cavite Expressway | Public Estates Authority Tollway Corporation | Easytrip | ||
| South Luzon Expressway | South Luzon Tollways Corporation | AutoSweep RFID (Vendeka Toll Collection System) [16] | ||
| Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway | Bases Conversion and Development Authority (formerly) NLEX Corporation | Easytrip | Luzon | |
| Subic Freeport Expressway | NLEX Corporation | Easytrip | ||
| Southern Tagalog Arterial Road | STAR Infrastructure Development Corporation | AutoSweep RFID (Vendeka Toll Collection System) [16] | ||
| Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway | Private Infra Development Corporation | AutoSweep RFID |
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roadways entering downtown | Roads and highways | Area Licensing Scheme (merged with EPS). This was the world's first to implement congestion charges to enter a downtown area. | Central core of Singapore | |
| Electronic Road Pricing |
| Name of roadway | Type of roadway | Owned by | Branded as | Operated by | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thai expressway network | Expressways | Expressway Authority of Thailand | Easy Pass M-Flow (experiment) [17] | TAG | Bangkok and nearby provinces |
| Thai motorway network | Motorways | Department of Highways |
The 2012 transportation funding bill MAP-21 required all electronic tolling systems on Interstate highways be compatible by October 1, 2016, but no funding and no penalty were provided, so discussions on interoperability are ongoing [53] through the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association. [54] In Florida, older battery-powered SunPass transponders were no longer accepted as of January 1, 2016, in preparation for future compatibility with E-ZPass toll booths. Several mobile tolling platforms are currently in use.
A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road for which a fee is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the costs of road construction and maintenance.
Electronic toll collection (ETC) is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or toll charged to vehicles using toll roads, HOV lanes, toll bridges, and toll tunnels. It is a faster alternative which is replacing toll booths, where vehicles must stop and the driver manually pays the toll with cash or a card. In most systems, vehicles using the system are equipped with an automated radio transponder device. When the vehicle passes a roadside toll reader device, a radio signal from the reader triggers the transponder, which transmits back an identifying number which registers the vehicle's use of the road, and an electronic payment system charges the user the toll.
E-ZPass is an electronic toll collection system used on toll roads, toll bridges, and toll tunnels in the Eastern United States, Midwestern United States, and Southern United States. The E-ZPass Interagency Group (IAG) consists of member agencies in several states, which use the same technology and allow travelers to use the same transponder on toll roads throughout the network.
FasTrak is the electronic toll collection (ETC) system used in the state of California in the United States. The system is used statewide on all of the toll roads, toll bridges, and high-occupancy toll lanes along the California Freeway and Expressway System.
SunPass is an electronic toll collection system within the state of Florida, United States. It was created in 1999 by the Florida Department of Transportation's (FDOT's) Office of Toll Operations, operating now as a division of Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). The system utilizes windshield-mounted RFID transponders manufactured by TransCore and lane equipment designed by companies including TransCore, SAIC, and Raytheon.
Smart Tag is the former name of a transponder-based electronic toll collection system implemented by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). It was launched as Fastoll on April 15, 1996. Fastoll was rebranded as Smart Tag in 1998, and was placed under the umbrella of Smart Travel. In November 2007, the Smart Tag brand name was retired in favor of E-ZPass Virginia, several years after the Smart Tag system became a part of the E-ZPass network.
The Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) is an independent state agency responsible for financing, constructing, operating, and maintaining eight transportation facilities, currently consisting of two toll roads, two tunnels, and four bridges in Maryland. It also provides the Maryland Department of Transportation with financing for other revenue producing transportation projects.
Fast Lane was the original branding for the electronic toll collection system used on toll roads in Massachusetts, including the Massachusetts Turnpike, Sumner Tunnel, Ted Williams Tunnel, and Tobin Bridge. It was introduced in 1998, and later folded into the E-ZPass branding in 2012. Fast Lane transponders were fully interoperable with member agencies of the E-ZPass Interagency Group, however Fast Lane transponders afford users discounted tolls in some junctions that out-of-state users are not offered.
E-ZPass Minnesota, formerly MnPass, is the brand name associated with a series of high occupancy toll lanes and electronic toll collection (ETC) system in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area of Minnesota. The lanes and the ETC system are owned by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) and fully compatible with the multi-state E-ZPass network.
Open road tolling (ORT), also called all-electronic tolling, cashless tolling, or free-flow tolling, is the collection of tolls on toll roads without the use of toll booths. An electronic toll collection system is usually used instead. The major advantage to ORT is that users are able to drive through the toll plaza at highway speeds without having to slow down to pay the toll. In some installations, ORT may also reduce congestion at the plazas by allowing more vehicles per hour/per lane.
TxTag, operated by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), was one of three interoperable electronic toll collection systems in Texas. The system was also interoperable with the K-TAG system used in Kansas and the Pikepass system used in Oklahoma.
A toll road is a road over which users may travel over on payment of a toll, or fee. Tolls are a form of use tax that pays for the cost of road construction and maintenance, without raising taxes on non-users. Investor's bonds necessary for the construction of the roads are issued and sold with the expectation that the bonds will be paid back with user tolls. The toll roads may be run by government agencies that have bond issuing authority and/or private companies that sell bonds or have other sources of finance. Toll roads are usually a government guaranteed road monopoly that guarantees limited or no competing roads will be built by government agencies for the duration of the bonds. Private toll roads built with money raised from private investors in expectation of making money from the tolls probably dominated early toll roads. Government sponsored toll roads often guarantee a minimum payment to the bond holders if traffic volume and toll collections are less than predicted. If the toll authority is a private company there is often a maximum amount of fees that they may extract from users. Toll road operators are typically responsible for maintaining the roads. After the bonds are paid off the road typically reverts to the government agency that authorized the road and owns the land it was built on. Like most government taxes it is not unusual for tolls to continue to be charged after the bonds have been paid off.
Video tolling is a form of electronic toll collection that uses video or still images of a vehicle's license plate to identify a vehicle liable to pay a road toll. The system dispenses with collection of road tolls using road-side cash or payment card methods, and may be used in conjunction with "all electronic" open road tolling, to permit drivers without an RFID device to use the toll road.
The North Carolina Turnpike Authority was created in 2002 to speed the implementation of needed transportation improvements by funding some projects with tolls. Governed by a nine-member authority board, it is located within the Department of Transportation and under the direct supervision of the Secretary of Transportation. The authority has the power to study, plan, develop and undertake preliminary design work on up to eleven turnpike projects. At the conclusion of these actives, the authority is authorized to design, establish, purchase, construct, operate and maintain toll highways and bridges. The authority is also authorized to designate one or more lanes of any highway, or portion thereof, into a high-occupancy toll lanes or other type of managed lanes; provided that such designation does not reduce the number of existing non-toll general purpose lanes.
i-Zoom was the former name for the electronic toll collection system used on the Indiana Toll Road (ITR), which now uses the E-ZPass system. On June 27, 2007, the system was implemented from mile 1 to mile 23 of the road under the unique branding of "i-Zoom", which was fully compatible with E-ZPass and the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority's I-Pass system; the remaining toll plazas came online on April 1, 2008, with increased cash toll rates. i-Zoom transponders were then made available for purchase at service plazas and CVS/pharmacy locations in northern Indiana. As of September 2012, the i-Zoom branding was retired by the ITR for the universal E-ZPass branding used by most states in the E-ZPass system; outside of the implementation of a transponder with a smaller form factor and the removal of the i-Zoom logo from post-September 2012 transponder units, along with a website upgrade in 2014, no other changes to transponders or accounts are planned.
e-TAG is a free-flow tolling electronic toll collection system used on all tollways throughout Australia. It was originally developed by Transurban for use on their CityLink tollway in the late 1990s, with the system since adopted by all toll roads, bridges and tunnels in Australia. The technology had different names depending on the issuer, such as Breeze, Linkt, and E-toll. However, these are all interchangeable across Australia and no surcharges apply for use on other operators' toll roads.
e-toll consisted of the electronic toll collection (ETC) processes employed by South Africa's roads agency SANRAL on selected toll roads or toll lanes in the Gauteng province, subject to the Sanral Act of 1998. SANRAL derives its income both from toll income and the national fiscus, while initial capital outlay for large projects are funded by open market bond issues. In total SANRAL manages 13,000 km of non-toll roads in South Africa, besides the majority of its toll roads, including 187 km of Gauteng's freeways which were subject to e-toll.
NationalPass is an interoperable service created by TransCore, which is designed to eventually provide single transponder access to all public toll roads and bridges in North America.