National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)

Last updated
National Socialist Workers' Party
Swedish Socialist Union
Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarepartiet
Svensk socialistisk samling
AbbreviationNSAP
SSS
Chairman Sven Olov Lindholm
Founded15 January 1933 (1933-01-15)
DissolvedJune 1950
Preceded by Swedish National Socialist Party
Succeeded by Nordic Realm Party
NewspaperDen Svenske Nationalsocialisten
Youth wing Nordisk ungdom [1] [2]
Labour wing National Socialist Industrial Workers' Union
Ideology Nazism (1933–1938)
 • Swedish nationalism
 • Fascism (After 1938)
Political position Far-right
Party flag
Flag of Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarpartiet.svg

Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarepartiet (English: National Socialist Workers' Party, NSAP) was a Swedish political party that initially espoused Nazism before adopting a more indigenous form of fascism. It was also widely infamous under the name Svensk socialistisk samling (SSS, i.e "Swedish Socialist Gathering"), which was generally among the public called "Lindholmarna" ("the Lindholm'ers", after the leader's name).

Contents

The party was revealed after WWII to have had well-organized plans, containing death lists of local Jews to be rounded up and deported and also plans for the construction of two Swedish concentration camps, in case of a Nazi German invasion of Sweden. Lindholm himself had planned to take the role as a "Swedish Quisling" if such an invasion had happened.

The Swedish king Gustav V had friendly ties to the SSS/NSAP during the war. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

History

The party was formed in 1933 by Sven Olov Lindholm after he left the Swedish National Socialist Party, following a series of clashes over policy and personality. [9] The NSAP initially acted as a simple mirror of the National Socialist German Workers Party, with the party newspaper Den Svenske Nationalsocialisten [10] repeating what was being said in Nazi Germany and the Nordisk ungdom (Nordic Youth) group serving as a replica of the Hitler Youth (albeit on a smaller scale). [11] The swastika was also initially used as the party emblem.

The party members visited the early German NSDAP Nuremberg rallies, carrying Swedish flags and meeting with the NSDAP leadership. They used to provoke political opponents in Sweden, sabotaging legal speeches and demonstrations held by other parties, and spread Nazi and Fascist flyers and posters and similar activities. Lindholm has claimed it was moving away from the Hitler model, abandoning its ties to Nazi Germany in favour of a more Swedish Nazi model. This has been questioned by historians as a post-WWII attempt to distort their own Party history. In 1938, it's said to have ceased to use the swastika and replaced it with the fasces symbol. By the end of the year the party had changed its name to Svensk Socialistisk Samling (Swedish Socialist Gathering) and had largely dropped all but passing reference to the German Nazis. Nonetheless, the party declined dramatically during the Second World War and was formally dissolved in 1950, 5 years after WWII. [12] [13] Several members of NSAP/SSS joined the Waffen-SS during the war as part of the few hundred Swedish SS volunteers, and also the Winter War in Finland. Those who returned home afterwards rarely mentioned the war in public out of fear of being investigated or accused of war crimes. [14]

In 1943, the party's national congress in Uppsala caused the Easter Riots to break out.

The party was one of the earliest to claim that no Holocaust happened, in May 1945 in Den Svenske Folksocialisten . [15]

Swedish Holocaust plans

It was discovered some years after WWII, when incomplete lists from the SSS/NSAP containing the names of nearly one thousand Jews was found, that the party had hoped for, and planned well for, a Nazi German invasion of Sweden.

Local party branches had helped gather well-documented information about hundreds of local Jews' businesses, names, families, their children's schools, workplaces, etc, and collected these documents to the party's main branch. These lists are today often referred to as death lists by historians and experts, since the movement was known for their fanatic hatred of Jews.

The party would, in case of such an invasion, first have strived to set up a "Swedish Quisling puppet regime" (an idea that has been compared to i.e the Norwegian one under Nasjonal Samling) with Lindholm as leader. It has been revealed their plans involved the construction of at least two Swedish concentration camps (to be located in Sjöbo and Stora Karlsö) for Jews; they had the locations and maps for these ready, and then would have rounded up the thousands of Jews in Sweden along with political opponents and so on, for deportations to the camps and/or to Nazi German death camps. [16] [17] [18]

Electoral results

Riksdag

Election year# of overall votes% of overall vote# of overall seats won+/-Notes
1936 17,4830.6 (#8)
0 / 349
Increase2.svg
1944 4,2040.1 (#7)
0 / 349
Increase2.svg

Related Research Articles

Kyrkliga Folkpartiet was a minor pro-fascist party in Sweden founded in 1930. The party was formed and led by Ivar Rhedin, a priest in the Church of Sweden. Rhedin was the editor of Göteborgs Stiftstidning, in which he wrote many pro-German articles. The party was an ally of the main Nazi party in Sweden, National Socialist Workers Party. But the cooperation between the two parties did not last. Although both groups were staunch antisemites, their approaches toward the Jews were somewhat different. Rhedin, as a conservative Christian, was against the Jews as a religious community. NSAP were against the Jews as a race. Rhedin had no problem in accepting Jews who converted to Christianity, whereas NSAP and other nazi groups considered that converted Jews continued to be Jews in racial aspects. The party was closed down in 1936.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Socialist Party (Sweden, 1929)</span> Political party in Sweden

The Socialist Party, was a political party in Sweden active from 1929 to 1948. Led by Karl Kilbom and Nils Flyg, the party was founded in 1929 as a splinter group of the Communist Party of Sweden. Until 1934, the splinter group used the same name Communist Party of Sweden, so in order to keep the two factions apart, this faction was generally known as Kilbommare ("Kilbomiars") while those who stayed in the old party were known as Sillénare.

SSS or Sss may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birger Furugård</span> Swedish far-right politician (1887–1961)

Birger Furugård was a Swedish politician and veterinarian. He hailed from Deje in Värmland. During the 1920s Furugård became inspired by the advance of Nazism in Germany. He made several trips to Germany, and met with Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler. In 1924 Furugård, together with his two brothers Gunnar and Sigurd, founded the Swedish National Socialist Freedom League. The following year the group was converted into the Swedish National Socialist Peasants and Workers Party. In 1930 Furugård's party merged with the National Socialist People's Party of Sweden and formed the New Swedish National Socialist Party. Furugård became Riksledare of the party. Soon, the party changed its name to Swedish National Socialist Party (SNSP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedish National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Party</span> Political party in Sweden

The Swedish National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Party was the first Nazi organization in Sweden.

Fascist People's Party of Sweden was a fascist and later Nazi political party in Sweden.

Sven Olov Knutsson Lindholm was a Swedish Nazi leader, active in far right politics from the 1920s to the 1950s. This included leading the Nazi party named Svensk socialistisk samling ; despite its name, this party was widely regarded as propagating a fascist/Nazi ideology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nordische Gesellschaft</span> Nazi organization

The Nordische Gesellschaft was an association founded in 1921, with the objective of strengthening German-Nordic cultural and political cooperation. It was based in Lübeck, Germany. The association had both German and Scandinavian members. After the Nazi Party's takeover of Germany in 1933, the Nordische Gesellschaft came under the control of Alfred Rosenberg. A new board was formed. Rosenberg's ambition was that the organization could be utilized for the Nazi cause. Heinrich Himmler became a member of the board.

Nazism in Sweden has been more or less fragmented and unable to form a mass movement since its beginning in the early 1920s. Several hundred parties, groups, and associations existed from the movement's founding through the present. At most, purely Nazi parties in Sweden have collected around 27,000 votes in democratic parliamentary elections. The high point came in the municipal elections of 1934 when the Nazi parties were victorious in over one hundred electoral contests. As early as January 22, 1932, the Swedish Nazis had their first public meeting with Birger Furugård addressing an audience of 6000 at the Haymarket in Stockholm.

Swedish National Socialist Unity was a Skåne-based Nazi political party in Sweden. Swedish National Socialist Unity was formed by party branches in Skåne of the Swedish National Socialist Party, that had taken part in a rebellion against the party leader Birger Furugård. Nasisten was the organ of the group. The group used a swastika as its symbol. The group merged into the National Socialist Bloc later the same year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedish National Socialist Party</span> Political party in Sweden

The Swedish National Socialist Party was a Nazi political party in Sweden. Birger Furugård served as riksledare of the party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Easter Riots</span> 1943 clashes between Nazis and anti-fascists in Sweden

The Easter Riots is the name given to a period of unrest in Uppsala, Sweden, during the Easter of 1943. The National Socialist group Swedish Socialist Union held its national congress in Uppsala, amid the Second World War and only days after events like the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The unrest climaxed on 26 April, when the SSS – who after initially belonging to a Strasserist wing of National Socialism began adopting a more indigenous form of fascism in 1938, and included Ingvar Kamprad among its early members – ended the congress by holding a demonstration at the Royal Mounds of Old Uppsala.

The National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway was a minor extraparliamentary political party in Norway. The party was founded in 1930, and dissolved in May 1940.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Konrad Hallgren</span>

Konrad Otto Kristian Hallgren was a Swedish party chairman in Sweden's first fascist organization, Sveriges Fascistiska Kamporganisation.

Hilding Gustaf Sigvard Ekström was a Swedish chemist, Waffen-SS volunteer, and co-founder of the Sweden Democrats party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorvald Oljemark</span> Finnish manor owner and Nazi (1900–1938)

Hjalmar Thorvald Oljemark was a Finnish manor owner and a Nazi. He was one of the founders of the Nazi party called the Finnish People's Organisation and also worked as its propaganda chief and editor-in-chief of the party's newspapers.

The National Socialist Union of Finland, later the Finnish-Socialist Party was a Finnish Nazi political party active in the 1930s, whose driving force and ideologue was Professor Yrjö Ruutu. With an ideology based on Ruutu's theories, the party came to reject orthodox German Nazism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party</span> Political party in Finland

The Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party was a Finnish Nazi party that operated from 1934 to 1944 and was led by engineer Ensio Uoti.

The Organisation of National Socialists was a Finnish Nazi party operating in 1940–1944. It was founded and led by Arvi Kalsta, and the party was a continuation of Kalsta's earlier party Finnish People's Organisation. The party board included Yrjö Raikas, Väinö Kari, Reino Rauanheimo and Eino Hanhivaara. Jäger Major Onni Kohonen was also one of the closest associates of Kalsta and active in the party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuance Party</span> Political party in Sweden

The Nuance Party is a Islamist political party in Sweden founded in 2019. According to national broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), the party aims mainly at the country's Muslim population.

References

  1. ↑ Olsson, Kenth (23 August 2013). "Nazistiskt upplopp i Kristianstad - Kristianstadsbladet". Kristianstadsbladet. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  2. ↑ "Ons aanbod SS Items" (in Dutch). Bezetting 40/45. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  3. ↑ Gustaf V och andra Världskriget. Carlsson, Erik. 2007. ISBN   9789185057887
  4. ↑ Operation Norrsken: Om Stasi och Sverige under kalla kriget, av Christoph Andersson
  5. ↑ "Karaktärsmord på döda svenskar". Svenska Dagbladet. 19 September 2002.
  6. ↑ "Förintelsen var på väg till Sverige".
  7. ↑ "Johan Schück: Registret över svenska judar är en del av SD:s mörka historia". Dagens Nyheter. 23 October 2017.
  8. ↑ ""Glöm inte den svenska förintelsen"". 27 January 2008.
  9. ↑ Anders Widfeldt (2015). Extreme Right Parties in Scandinavia. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN   978-0-415-26589-8.
  10. ↑ Eva F. Dahlgren (2008). Fallet Sigrid Gillner (in Swedish). p. 227. ISBN   978-91-85865-11-6.
  11. ↑ Karl Arne Blom (2018) [1991]. Lilla Marlene. ISBN   9788711707104.
  12. ↑ Historisk tidskrift (in Swedish). Svenska historiska föreningen. 1992. p. 540.
  13. ↑ Henrik Ekberg (1991). Führerns trogna följeslagare: den finländska nazismen 1932-1944 (in Swedish). Schildt. p. 17. ISBN   978-951-50-0522-9.
  14. ↑ Hitlers svenska SS-soldater. Bosse Schön. Fischer & Co. 2016. ISBN   9789188243171
  15. ↑ Heléne Lööw, Nazismen i Sverige 1924 - 1979, ISBN   91-7324-684-0, p. 108.
  16. ↑ "Förintelsen var på väg till Sverige".
  17. ↑ "Johan Schück: Registret över svenska judar är en del av SD:s mörka historia". Dagens Nyheter. 23 October 2017.
  18. ↑ ""Glöm inte den svenska förintelsen"". 27 January 2008.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.