The Epstein files are over six million pages of documents, images, and videos detailing the criminal and non-criminal activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein and his social circle of public figures that included politicians, royalty, business executives, academics, and celebrities.[1] No wrongdoing is established by merely appearing in the documents and it is common that people featured in the files have denied any wrongdoing in relation to Epstein's life and crimes.[2]As of February2026[update], apart from Epstein, Ghislaine Maxwell and Jean-Luc Brunel, no individual has been charged with a crime connected to Epstein or the revelations in the files.[3]
Woody Allen is an American filmmaker, actor, writer, and comedian. He and his wife were regular guests at Epstein's Upper East Side townhouse for several years beginning in 2010, two years after Epstein's sentencing. In a 2016 letter to Epstein on his 63rd birthday, Allen wrote "Always accept. Always interesting" regarding the dinners. Photographs released by House Oversight Committee Democrats in December 2025 showed Allen and Epstein together in various settings, including at a table after a meal, on a film set, and on a private plane alongside Larry Summers.[4][5]
In a September 2025 interview with The Sunday Times, Allen called Epstein "charming and personable" and "a substantial character", describing dinners attended by "college professors, scientists, Nobel laureates". Allen said Epstein told him he had been "falsely put in jail" and "extorted", and was "trying to make up for it now by being philanthropic".[6] Also included in the documents was a series of emails showing that Epstein helped Allen and Previn's daughter get into Bard College by connecting her to the school's president, Leo Botstein, a longtime acquaintance.[7]
Anil Ambani is an Indian businessman and managing director of Reliance Group. He exchanged with Epstein from 2017 to 2019. Ambani was introduced to Epstein by Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem in February 2017: Ambani sought to engage with the White House on India–U.S. relations and defense cooperation, and later requested assistance in arranging meetings with senior U.S. officials, including Jared Kushner and Steve Bannon.[8]
In March 2017, Epstein suggested a "tall Swedish blonde woman, to make fun to visit" to Anil, who responded: "Arrange that."[9] On May 23, 2019—the day Modi secured re-election—Ambani visited Epstein's Manhattan townhouse. That evening, Epstein told Bannon that the meeting had been "interesting" and said that a representative of Modi claimed there was limited access to U.S. officials in Washington. The Wire reported that it was unable to confirm whether Modi had sent a representative or whether the individual referred to was Ambani himself.[8]
Eva Andersson-Dubin
Eva Andersson-Dubin is a Swedish physician and former model. Eva Andersson-Dubin was Epstein's girlfriend for 11 years before marrying Glenn Dubin, and Epstein paid her medical school tuition. Epstein was godfather to the Dubins's three children, and they continued to associate with him after he was jailed for soliciting child prostitution in 2008, writing to his probation officer that they felt "100% comfortable" with him being around their children. The Dubins, often with their children, flew on Epstein's planes at least 18 times between 1996 and 2005.[10] In a 2010 email, Andersson-Dubin wrote to Epstein: "Come and visit next week, Celina will have 5 friends over." Celina is the name of Andersson-Dubin's daughter.[11]
Dan Ariely is an Israeli-American author and professor at Duke University. The James B. Duke Professor and author had a longstanding relationship with Epstein, as revealed by the Department of Justice's release of documents in January 2026. One of those documents included an image of an email from Ariely to Epstein in which he requests the name and email of a "redhead" who had been introduced to him by Epstein.[12][13]
Peter Attia is a Canadian-American author and longevity influencer. Attia appeared in the files over 1,700 times. Emails showed Attia joking with Epstein and expressing that the "worst" part of their friendship was that "the life you lead is so outrageous, and yet I can't tell a soul".[14][15]
José María Aznar was Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. Aznar and his wife Ana Botella are listed in the files as recipients of two parcels from Epstein, the first in 2003 and the second in 2004 when he was no longer in office. The contents of the packages were not specified.[16]
Joscha Bach is a German scientist, AI researcher, and philosopher. According to a 2020 MIT review, the Media Lab used money provided by Epstein to support the work of Bach. Bach wrote long and often technical emails to Epstein; in 2016, he wrote to Epstein that "black kids in the US have slower cognitive development" and that women "tend to find abstract systems, conflicts and mechanisms intrinsically boring". Bach stated that he continued to associate with Epstein after his conviction because highly respected academics recommended him as a funding source and "assured me he was reformed", adding that researchers "far more senior and famous than me were accepting such funds". He said his current view is "that race is not causal for differences in development, and race is not a determinant of IQ in children or adults."[17]
Steve Bannon is an American media executive, political strategist, pundit and former chief strategist of the White House. The documents included thousands of text messages between the alt-right populist and Epstein, particularly from 2018 and 2019. The messages showed the two discussing efforts to influence international geopolitics, including shaping European coalitions, increasing pressure on China, and forging business ties in the Middle East. Epstein offered Bannon the use of a Paris apartment, a Palm Beach house, and his plane on multiple occasions; the two dined together frequently. Bannon provided media training to Epstein as part of work on a documentary and coached him as he faced increasing media scrutiny in early 2019. Bannon did not immediately respond to requests for comment.[18] In 2018, Bannon suggested Epstein establish a "center for human trafficking, teenage prostitution etc..." to help rehabilitate Epstein's image.[19]
In March 2019, Bannon asked Epstein if he could supply his plane to pick him up in Rome. A couple of months later, Epstein messaged Bannon: "Now you can understand why trump wakes up in the middle of the night sweating when he hears you and I are friends." The context of the message is unclear from the documents, which were released with many redactions and little clear organization. Another 2018 exchange focused on Donald Trump's threats at the time to oust Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, whom he had named to the post just the year prior.[20] In July 2019, Epstein shared an article reporting of Tommy Robinson's contempt of court case in 2018 with Bannon, to which Bannon proclaimed Robinson as the "backbone of England". In response, Epstein replied: "Thats, why the pound so low.[sic]"[21]
Ehud Barak is a former prime minister and Minister of Defense of Israel. A September 2013 email showed Barak informing Epstein that Larry Summers had withdrawn from consideration to chair the Federal Reserve, writing, "A major blow to a friend. ... Now he'll probably be free in the next few days." Later that day, Epstein emailed Barak to schedule meetings for him with billionaire banker Ariane de Rothschild and an individual referred to as the "kissinger china guy". A representative for Barak did not respond to a request for comment.[22]
In a 2013 recording of Barak and Epstein released by the DOJ, Epstein encouraged Barak to "look at" working with Peter Thiel's company Palantir.[23] Previously leaked emails from Barak's account show Epstein leveraged his relationship with Barak to approach powerful figures like Thiel, a former director of Israeli signals intelligence, and two people in Vladimir Putin's circle (former Russian deputy minister of economic development Sergey Belyakov and Viktor Vekselberg).[24] This leak also contained an email where Barak complimented Epstein on his "Great, impressive island".[25] In another email released by the DOJ, Epstein told Barak he was attempting to meet with Putin to discuss investment opportunities.[26]
Tom Barrack is an American private equity real estate investor and Trump fundraiser. In a March 2016 email exchange, Epstein told Barrack that he had received calls from reporters asking about Trump but had refrained from commenting. Barrack responded, "Hope ur good. Let's catch up"; Epstein replied, "send photos of you and child. — makes me smile." Embassy representatives for Barrack, who serves as U.S. ambassador to Turkey, did not respond to a request for comment.[22]
Sergei Belyakov is a former Deputy Minister of Economic Development of Russia. Epstein emailed Sergei Belyakov that a "Russian girl" was attempting to blackmail businessmen in New York.[27]
Leon Black
Leon Black is an American private equity investor. Epstein sometimes referred to Black as "Mr. Big" in emails. Weeks after Epstein's death, JPMorgan Chase filed a suspicious activity report for transactions conducted by Black as well as Glenn Dubin, Alan Dershowitz, and Leslie Wexner, totalling about $1 billion. These reports were unsealed by a federal judge.[28] Epstein sought to gather information about one of Black's former girlfriends and discussed putting her under surveillance; while Black was not copied on those emails, his lawyer was on some of them. Black, who paid Epstein a total of $170 million for what he characterized as tax and estate planning advice, told investors after Epstein's death that he was "completely unaware" of Epstein's misconduct. The documents included a list of payments from Black to a former model connected to Epstein, labeled as "gifts," totaling more than $600,000.[29]
Todd Boehly is an American businessman. Emails from 2011 showed Epstein arranged two meetings with the businessman, who is now chairman of Chelsea F.C. and part-owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Lakers. At the time, Boehly was a managing partner at Guggenheim Partners. The first meeting took place in January 2011; a second was scheduled for September 2011 as a conference call, arranged in part to discuss British politician Peter Mandelson. A spokesperson for Boehly declined to comment. The emails did not suggest Boehly's engagements with Epstein extended beyond business.[30]
Leon Botstein is a Swiss-born American conductor, educator, historical musicologist, and scholar serving as the President of Bard College. Botstein met with Epstein numerous times after his 2008 conviction, soliciting donations to the school. In 2011, Epstein gave Bard $75,000 in unsolicited donations.[31] Botstein invited Epstein to an opera at Bard in 2013 and a concert at the college in 2016; Epstein planned each time to bring young female assistants and arrive by helicopter. Botstein stated that the school had security ready due to Epstein's criminal record.[32]
In 2016, Botstein received checks from an Epstein-linked account totaling approximately $150,000, which he said he donated to Bard that year; a college spokesman confirmed the donation. Botstein stated that Epstein designated the payments as fees. A spokesman for Botstein said the funds were payment for a one-year term on the board of Gratitude America, an Epstein-created foundation. "I have no idea why he concocted this scheme," Botstein said. "He didn't want to write a check to Bard."[31] Also included in the files were emails that revealed that Epstein had connected Botstein with the daughter of Woody Allen and Soon-Yi Previn so that she could attend Bard College.[7]
Edward Boyden is an MIT neuroscientist. In August 2015, Reid Hoffman hosted the dinner in Palo Alto for Boyden. Epstein emailed Peter Attia about the event, and sent himself a photo with Musk, Thiel, Zuckerberg, and his wife, Priscilla Chan; in an email to Tom Pritzker, Epstein described the dinner as "wild".[33]
Richard Branson is an English business magnate. A 2013 email exchange between Branson and Epstein suggested a familiar relationship built at least in part around their interest in women.[34] The Virgin Group founder wrote to Epstein, "Any time you're in the area would love to see you. As long as you bring your harem!" A representative for Branson stated the email was sent after a group business meeting where Epstein had arrived with three adult women whom he called his "harem".[35]
Børge Brende is a Norwegian politician and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2017, and CEO of the World Economic Forum since 2017. The Epstein files show that Epstein and Brende exchanged more than 120 emails and text messages, and that Brende was a guest at several dinners hosted by Epstein at his townhouse in New York City.[36] In March 2019, Brende responded with a thumbs up emoji to a link sent by Epstein to a New York Times article on the latter's 2008 plea deal. Brende said he was "completely unaware" of the link, and claimed he had never opened it.[37] Other exchanges show the two ridiculing Sara Netanyahu, the wife of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, referring to her as "Miss Piggy".[36] A photograph shows Brende at Epstein's New York home together with Steve Bannon (q.v.) and Terje Rød-Larsen (q.v.);[36] Brende stated he was introduced to Epstein by the latter.[37]
Flavio Briatore is an Italian businessman. Briatore maintained email contact with Epstein. In a 2010 email, Epstein referred to Briatore as his "Italian friend".[38]
Sergey Brin is an American computer scientists and businessman who co-founded Google. Documents indicated Brin visited Epstein's private island and corresponded with Ghislaine Maxwell about attending dinners at Epstein's home.[35]
John Brockman is an American literary agent and author specializing in scientific literature. He established the Edge Foundation, for which Epstein was the biggest donor.[39] Epstein funded numerous events by Brockman, many of which were private dinners attended by Epstein and numerous Silicon Valley billionaires.[40] In 2018, Epstein advised Brockman not to care about diversity, for he held women as "weak" and "a distraction".[41] In the same year, Brockman boasted to Epstein that the net worth of his 2014 'billionaires dinner' equaled the combined wealth of 60% of Americans.[42]
David Brooks is a Canadian-born American author and journalist for the New York Times. Brooks, who wrote a 2025 New York Times column dismissing the continuing media coverage of Epstein, appears in several photos in the Epstein Files, taken while Brooks was attending a 2011 event with Epstein.[43]
Jean-Luc Brunel
Jean-Luc Brunel was a French model scout, and the founder of MC2 Model Management, with financing by Epstein. From 1998 to 2005, Brunel was listed as a passenger in flight logs for Epstein's private plane on 25 trips. In 2008, he visited the jail where Epstein was held at least 70 times. In November 2025, the House oversight committee released an email showing that Epstein and Brunel were discussing "girls" and travel.[44]
William Burns is a former director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Scheduling documents showed Burns had three meetings with Epstein in 2014, when Burns was deputy secretary of state. They first met in Washington at the office of law firm Steptoe & Johnson, and Burns subsequently visited Epstein's Manhattan townhouse. A CIA spokeswoman stated that Burns was introduced to Epstein as "an expert in the financial services sector" who "offered general advice on transition to the private sector" as Burns was preparing to leave government service, adding that "they had no relationship."[32]
Frédéric Chaslin is a French conductor, composer, and pianist. In a September 2013 email, Chaslin wrote to Epstein that he had "found a great girl for your next stay in Paris. Philosophy student. 21." After the email was made public, Chaslin stated that Epstein had asked him to recommend an interpreter before visiting museums in Paris.[45] The former student in question was reported to initially have been surprised by the request, but got a "bad feeling" about it after searching Epstein's name online and finding out about his 2008 sex trafficking conviction. She ultimately declined the offer, after a meeting with Epstein's secretary over Skype.[46]
Noam Chomsky is an American professor, public intellectual, and linguist. In a 2015 email, Epstein offered Chomsky use of his residences in New York and New Mexico.[47] An undated photograph released by House Oversight Committee Democrats showed Chomsky seated next to Epstein on a plane.[48] In January 2017, Chomsky's wife Valeria emailed Epstein to apologize for missing his birthday, writing: "Noam and I hope to see you again soon and have a toast for your birthday."[49]
An undated letter of support attributed to the linguist and philosopher called Epstein a "highly valued friend" and described their "regular contact" as "a most valuable experience."[49] The letter, which cited Chomsky's position as a University of Arizona laureate professor—a role he began in 2017—praised Epstein for teaching him "about the intricacies of the global financial system" and recounted how Epstein had arranged for Chomsky to meet with former Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak.[49][50]
In March 2018, approximately $270,000 was transferred from an Epstein-linked account to Chomsky; Chomsky stated that the transfer involved "rearrangement of my own funds" related to the disbursement of common funds from his first marriage and "did not involve one penny from Epstein". Chomsky told The Wall Street Journal that he met occasionally with Epstein to discuss political and academic topics.[31] In 2019, after Giuffre's accusations went public, Chomsky advised Epstein to not comment on it because that would provide additional negative public attention, adding "That's particularly true now with the hysteria that has developed about abuse of women, which has reached the point that even questioning a charge is a crime worse than murder."[51]
Deepak Chopra is an American New Age guru and alternative medicine advocate. In a July 2016 exchange, Chopra asked Epstein if he knew Trump's ex-wife Marla Maples; Epstein replied that he had lost a $10,000 bet with Trump when Maples became pregnant. In November 2016, Epstein sent Chopra a news story claiming that a woman had fabricated allegations of assault by Trump and Epstein; when Epstein confirmed the civil charges against him had been dropped, Chopra responded "Good." Chopra stated that he hoped "all of the truth comes out after ongoing and proper investigations" and was "happy to share whatever I know with authorized officials."[22]
George Church is an American geneticist, molecular engineer, chemist, and professor at Harvard University. According to his online personal calendar, Church met with Epstein multiple times in 2014, including an April meeting at Harvard Medical School's Genetics Department building and a June lunch; the calendar also listed a November 2014 dinner at Harvard's Program for Evolutionary Dynamics with Epstein, Joi Ito, Reid Hoffman, and Martin Nowak.[52]
Vitaly Churkin was a Russian diplomat, who served as the Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from 2006 until his death in 2017. According to documents in the files, Epstein offered to help Churkin's son Maxim find a job at a wealth management firm in New York. In an email, Epstein indicated he had advised Churkin about how to deal with Trump.[53]
Bill Clinton is a former president of the United States. The documents included frequent communications between Maxwell and Clinton staffers between 2001 and 2004, a period during which the former president traveled on Epstein's plane at least 16 times. Much of the correspondence pertained to travel and dining logistics; in one April 2003 email, Maxwell asked a Clinton staffer if the former president would like to attend a dinner. Some emails between Maxwell and Clinton office addresses were flirtatious or lewd in nature; in one message, Maxwell said that the recipient was "hung like a horse," and referenced "Belzburg stuff," an apparent allusion to tabloid stories from 2002 about Clinton's association with New York socialite Lisa Belzberg.[54][55]
A Clinton spokesman stated that the former president did not send any of the emails and had "never emailed" outside of two occasions during his presidency. The spokesman has said Clinton cut ties with Epstein before his 2006 charges, did not know about his crimes, and denied ever visiting Epstein's island. An unredacted message shows Doug Band saying he shared a Blackberry account with Clinton.[54]
David Copperfield is an American stage magician and illusionist. Johanna Sjoberg, who later accused Epstein of abuse, testified in a deposition that she attended a 2004 dinner at Epstein's home where Copperfield performed magic tricks; she said Copperfield asked her if she was aware that "girls were getting paid to find other girls". Copperfield's lawyers stated he had heard a rumor about this and asked Sjoberg "out of surprise (and concern for her)", but dropped the matter when she did not express concern.[56]
Phone message pads seized by police from Epstein's Florida mansion in 2005 showed the illusionist left messages for Epstein 16 times over several months in 2004 and 2005, with notations including "it's important," "just called to say hello," and "it's jackpot." Epstein's housekeeper Alfredo Rodriguez testified in a 2009 deposition that Copperfield was at the house "maybe two or three times" and "came to the house, played tricks" before leaving.[56]
A partially redacted October 2007 email in the files described Copperfield as "Epstein's favorite cohort" and stated that tickets with "backstage passes" were a frequent gift Epstein gave to girls.[57] Copperfield's lawyers denied he was friends with Epstein, stating they were "at most, acquaintances" and that he "was completely unaware of Epstein's horrific crimes."[56] Undated photographs released in December 2025 showed Copperfield and Maxwell posing together in bathrobes. Under questioning in a 2016 deposition, Epstein acknowledged he socialized with Copperfield; when asked whether he and Copperfield "have been together in the presence of minor girls under the age of 18" and whether he "ever provided girls under the age 18 to David Copperfield for sexual purposes", Epstein invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination.[57]
Bill Cosby is an American former comedian, actor, and media personality. Documents show that Bill Cosby and Jeffrey Epstein corresponded and that Epstein had invited Cosby to dinner parties. Epstein closely followed Cosby's sexual assault case in 2015. Between 2017 and 2018, Epstein unsuccessfully pursued purchasing Cosby's home.[58]
Alan Dershowitz is an American lawyer and law professor. In 2007, Dershowitz was part of Epstein's legal team that negotiated a nonprosecution agreement for Epstein in Florida.[59] Weeks after Epstein's death, JPMorgan Chase filed a suspicious activity report for transactions conducted by Dershowitz as well as Glenn Dubin, Leon Black, and Leslie Wexner, totalling about $1 billion.[28] The files contain interview questions with Dershowitz. He was questioned if he had used social media to attempt to discredit victims of Epstein, one of his clients. He denied that he had done so, claiming that he cannot use social media because he does not own a computer.[60]
Glenn Dubin is an American billionaire hedge fund manager and husband of Epstein's former girlfriend Eva Andersson-Dubin. Weeks after Epstein's death, JPMorgan Chase filed a suspicious activity report for transactions conducted by Dubin as well as Leon Black, Alan Dershowitz, and Leslie Wexner, totalling about $1 billion.[28] Guiffre listed Dubin as one of the men with whom Maxwell and Epstein directed her to have sex. The Dubins' former household manager, Rinaldo Rizzo, also recounted in the released court documents an encounter with a 15-year-old girl who was allegedly trafficked by Epstein in 2005. Dubin denies the allegations made in both of these sworn testimonies.[61][62]
F
Andrew Farkas
Andrew Farkas is an American real estate developer. Farkas co-owned a marina with Epstein in St. Thomas for years. Documents showed the two men exchanged crude emails about women in 2010, after Epstein's first arrest and conviction. In a 2018 note, Farkas told Epstein he loved him and considered him one of his best friends, signing off "xoxo." Farkas stayed on Epstein's island, and photographs released by Congress in late 2025 showed Epstein with his hand on Farkas's shoulder as they walked together in a tropical setting. Farkas had previously characterized the relationship as purely business-related; a spokeswoman told The New York Times in December 2025 that Farkas "regrets their association."[29]
Sarah Ferguson is a British author, former member of the British royal family, and former Duchess of York. Then known as Sarah, Duchess of York, the former wife of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor (formerly Prince Andrew, Duke of York), thanked Epstein for being the "brother" she "always wished for" in an email sent in August 2009, a year after his conviction. In the exchange, Ferguson appeared to suggest she and her daughters, Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie, had met with Epstein, writing: "I have never been more touched by a friends kindness than your compliment to me in front of my girls." Epstein was under house arrest when the email was sent, but Ferguson implied the pair had lunch the previous week; it has not been confirmed if she visited him while he was confined to his home. The emails also showed Ferguson discussing conversations she had with retailers regarding a "Sarah Ferguson brand." Epstein gave Ferguson at least £15,000 (~ $23367) to help pay off debts, though some reports have suggested he bankrolled her to a greater extent. In 2011, Ferguson said her relationship with Epstein had been a "gigantic error of judgment", but later emailed him privately to apologize.[63]
Bill Gates is an American businessman, philanthropist, and co-founder of Microsoft. The release contained draft emails written by Epstein in 2013, addressed to his own account, which made lurid allegations about Gates; it was not clear whether Epstein ever sent the emails to Gates.[34] A representative for Gates called the claims "absolutely absurd and completely false" and stated they demonstrated Epstein's "frustration that he did not have an ongoing relationship with Gates."[64] The emails alleged that Gates had tried to surreptitiously give medication for sexually transmitted diseases to his then-wife, Melinda French Gates.[65]
Melinda French Gates is an American philanthropist and the former wife of Bill Gates (q.v.). Draft emails written by Epstein alleged that during their marriage, Gates had tried to surreptitiously give French Gates medication for sexually transmitted diseases. She responded to the documents by saying they filled her with "unbelievable sadness".[65]
David Gelernter is an American computer scientist, writer and professor at Yale University. The Epstein files reveal email correspondence between Gelernter and Epstein from 2009 to 2015. In their exchanges, they scheduled several visits, including in New York City, and discussed the scent and dress of women in Paris. In an apparent recommendation letter from October 2011, Gelernter described one of his undergraduate students to Epstein: "I have a perfect editoress in mind: Yale sr, worked at Vogue last summer, runs her own campus mag, art major, completely connected, v[ery] small goodlooking blonde."[66] After the correspondence was made public in January 2026, Gelernter defended it in an email to Jeffrey Brock, the dean of the Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science; in February 2026, it was reported that Gelernter had been relieved of his teaching duties amid a review by Yale.[67]
Joe Gibbs is an American former football coach and racing team owner. Gibbs as well as his organization, Joe Gibbs Racing (JGR), are mentioned in 2 separate documents. In one document, what is believed to be a victim of Epstein recalls Gibbs as being very nice whilst calling Daniel Snyder a "pig". In the other, dated January 3, 2013, an unknown party rented a JGR aircraft from the organization.[68]
Tenzin Gyatso is the incumbent Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader in the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. An email from 2012 reveals that Epstein met with the 14th Dalai Lama at an event on an unspecified island.[69] His office denied the allegations, stating that he and Epstein never met each other.[70]
Jonathan Haidt is an American social psychologist and author. John Brockman encouraged Epstein to meet Haidt in 2011 and was on the invitation lists for numerous events organized by Brockman and attended by Epstein.[42]
Josh Harris is an American investor. Harris, the co-founder of Apollo Global Management and Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment, had ongoing correspondence with Epstein between 2013 and 2016. Emails also show that Harris met with Epstein, Bill Gates, and Ron Baron at Epstein's New York home in 2014. A spokesperson for Harris said that Harris "never had an independent relationship with Jeffrey Epstein."[71]
Sam Harris
Sam Harris is an American public intellectual. Epstein told Harris to use "more charm and less argument" in debates.[41]
Stephen Hawking was an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist. Hawking was mentioned in court documents released in 2024 during Ghislaine Maxwell's trial. The documents included an email Epstein sent in 2015, asking friends of Virginia Giuffre to disprove supposed allegations of Giuffre's that Hawking participated in an "underage orgy" in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where Epstein lived. Epstein said he "can issue a reward" to them if they can "prove her allegations are false". The email implies it was written in response to a "new version" of the claim regarding Hawking. Neither Giuffre nor anyone else has ever publicly accused Hawking, who died in 2018, of sexual misconduct.[72][73][74] According to physicist Lisa Randall—who was found in 2026 to have corresponded with Epstein—in 2006, Hawking and Epstein were both present at a conference on gravity. Randall describes both her correspondence and Epstein's appearance at the conference as resulting from Epstein's public financing of scientific efforts.[75]
Reid Hoffman is an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, podcaster, and author. Epstein's scheduling records showed the LinkedIn co-founder visited Epstein's island in November 2014; a calendar entry listed a reminder of Hoffman's arrival in Fort Lauderdale followed by a flight to "LSJ," an apparent reference to Epstein's private island. Hoffman told The Wall Street Journal he visited the island once for an MIT fundraising trip and that his last interaction with Epstein was in 2015. The documents also contained email exchanges from 2015 and 2017, as well as scheduling records showing multiple Skype calls between the two in 2013 and 2014. In 2019, Hoffman stated his interactions with Epstein came at the request of then-MIT Media Lab Director Joi Ito for fundraising purposes; he said he regretted participating in any activity where Epstein was present. No victim of Epstein has made any public allegation of wrongdoing by Hoffman. In an interview in 2025, Ghislaine Maxwell stated she had never seen Hoffman with Epstein on a flight or "getting massages".[76]
Jack Horner is an American paleontologist that formerly worked for Montana State University. Jack Horner visited a property owned by Jeffrey Epstein in New Mexico in 2012 and exchanged several emails with him thereafter. These messages contain expressions of thanks for hospitality received and suggest a possible financial or logistical support for some of Horner's scientific projects. In particular, Epstein had apparently expressed interest in funding Horner's "Dinochicken Project", a project aiming to reverse-engineer a prehistoric dinosaur with the DNA of a chicken.[77][78]
Joi Ito is a Japanese entrepreneur and former director of the MIT Media Lab. Ito received $1.7 million from Epstein, including $1.2 million for his own outside investment funds. Internal emails showed Ito and other Media Lab officials took measures to conceal the lab's relationship with Epstein; in one 2014 email, Ito asked development staff to record a $100,000 donation from Epstein as "anonymous." He twice traveled to Epstein's island in the Caribbean to seek donations. A separate October 2014 email showed Ito writing that a $2 million gift from Bill Gates had been "directed by Jeffrey Epstein"; a spokesman for Gates denied that Epstein directed any grant making for Gates and called the characterization "completely false." Ito resigned from MIT in September 2019, as well as from the boards of the MacArthur Foundation, the Knight Foundation, and The New York Times Company.[79]
Michael Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. An undated photograph released in December 2025 showed the singer posing with Epstein in front of a painting of a woman.[80][81] It was claimed that Jackson did not know who Epstein was and the image dated from 2003, when he was viewing a houses in Palm Beach and Epstein's was on the market.[82][83][84]
Another photograph showed Jackson with Bill Clinton and Diana Ross, with the faces of three children redacted.[81] The latter image had been publicly available and was taken at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) fundraiser "A Night at the Apollo", where Jackson and Ross performed; the redacted children were their own children—Jackson's Prince and Paris Jackson, and Ross's son Evan Ross.[85] It is unclear why the photograph was in the files, and there is no suggestion that Jackson was aware of, or involved in, any of Epstein's crimes.[86][85]
Thorbjørn Jagland is a Norwegian politician who served as prime minister from 1996 to 1997. In a 2014 email to Epstein, Jagland had planned a family trip to Little Saint James island. The trip was eventually cancelled because of the annexation of Crimea by Russia, which caused Jagland, who was secretary general of the Council of Europe at the time, to stay in Europe. Jagland was also the head of the Nobel Committee when he exchanged emails with Epstein.[87] Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre said Jagland had exercised "poor judgement".[88] Epstein told Jagland that he could advise Putin on how to talk with Trump.[27] After the Council of Europe lifted his diplomatic immunity, in February 2026 Jagland was charged with "gross corruption" over his links to Epstein by Norway's Økokrim prosecution service.[89]
Jay-Z is an American rapper, businessman, and record executive. According to an FBI crisis intake form that was included in the January 2026 release of Epstein files, an anonymous victim alleged that, after being drugged and sexually abused, she woke up in a room with the rapper and Harvey Weinstein.[90]
John de Jongh Jr. is a former governor of the United States Virgin Islands (2007–2015). Emails in the files show that from 2008 to 2009 Epstein paid the tuition for John de Jongh's children. The tuition invoices covered multiple universities and excluded room and board. After his wife, Cecile de Jongh, thanked Epstein in June 2009, Epstein described the payments as "a treat" and said "Its[sic] as if i had my own kids in college." Epstein also paid college tuition for a student identified as "Thomas", who was identified as the son of Jeanne Brennan Wiebracht, John de Jongh's former campaign accountant.[91]
Mona Juul is a Norwegian diplomat, former permanent representative to the United Nations, and wife of Terje Rød-Larsen (q.v.). Juul resigned her position as ambassador to Jordan and Iraq on February 9, 2026,[92] over her "serious failure of judgement" in her ties to Epstein.[93]
Dean Kamen is an American engineer, inventor, and businessman known for inventing the Segway and iBOT. Photographs within the Epstein files show Kamen socializing with Epstein in a tropical location as well as riding a Segway with Ghislaine Maxwell. Emails reveal that he visited Epstein's private island in 2013, and his assistants wrote emails discussing "which flight Dean prefers the girls to be on". He wrote to Epstein, "thank you for hosting an incredible visit to a magical place. It really is almost unbelievable."[94]
Brad S. Karp is an American lawyer. Documents showed the chair of law firm Paul Weiss attended dinner gatherings at Epstein's Upper East Side residence. In a July 2015 email, Karp wrote to Epstein: "I can't thank you enough for including me in an evening I'll never forget. It was truly 'once in a lifetime' in every way, though I hope to be invited again."[95] When Epstein replied that "there are many many nights of unique talents. you will be invited often," Karp responded: "You're amazing."[96]
In a separate July 2015 exchange, Epstein asked Karp about revoking a woman's visa; Karp responded, "Both good ideas; will work on this." A July 2016 email showed Karp asking Epstein for help getting his son a job on a Woody Allen film production.[95] In February 2019, Karp corresponded with Epstein about finding legal representation for Robert Kraft and former Citigroup president John Havens, both of whom had been ensnared in a Florida prostitution crackdown; charges against both men were later dropped. In April 2019, Epstein texted Steve Bannon about getting Karp admitted to the Augusta National Golf Club; there is no indication Karp was aware of this effort.[96] Paul Weiss stated that the firm represented Leon Black in fee disputes with Epstein and was "adverse to Epstein," adding that "at no point did Paul Weiss or Brad Karp ever represent him."[95]
Mary Richardson Kennedy
Mary Richardson Kennedy was an American political fundraiser, philanthropist, and member of the Kennedy family as the estranged wife of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. She committed suicide in 2012. An email within the Epstein files shows that upon learning of her death, Epstein responded by saying "whoops".[97][98]
Jeff Koons is an American sculptor. In 2013, the artist attended a dinner party at Epstein's Upper East Side home. Koons said "Beyond attending the dinner, I did not have a relationship with Epstein."[100]
Stephen Kosslyn is an American psychologist and neuroscientist, former chair of the psychology department and dean of social sciences at Harvard University. Between 1998 and 2002, Epstein gave Kosslyn's psychology department $200,000 in donations."[51] In 2008, Kosslyn visited Epstein in jail.[101] Released emails show Epstein discussing the start of his jail sentence in Florida, and Kosslyn helping Epstein draft scripts for reporters, to restore Epstein's public image."[51] In 2010, Kosslyn provided a referral to Epstein, when asked for the name of a New York child psychologist for a 15-year-old girl.[101]
Lawrence Krauss is a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist. In late 2017, when reporters at BuzzFeed News were preparing an article about sexual misconduct allegations against the physicist, Krauss reached out to Epstein for advice on how to respond. Epstein recommended that Krauss write a cover letter stating that the accusations were "false" and had been "either investigated and found lacking or ignored."[citation needed]
In 2018, Epstein forwarded Krauss a list of attendees for the Women in the World Summit; Krauss responded, "Let's do a men of the world conference," listing men accused of misconduct including Kevin Spacey, Bill Clinton, Al Franken, and Woody Allen. Krauss announced his retirement from Arizona State University in 2018. He stated that he had never hidden his association with Epstein and had "sought out advice from essentially everyone I knew" when he was accused, adding that none of his communications with Epstein "relate in any way to the horrendous crimes he was accused of in 2019."[17]
Miroslav Lajčák is a Slovak politician, former Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, and former President of the United Nations General Assembly. In late 2025 and early 2026, the Epstein files revealed extensive email correspondence between Lajčák and Epstein occurring between 2017 and 2019. According to the records, Lajčák allegedly asked Epstein to introduce him to "young girls" and boasted that Epstein had not yet seen him "in action". The files reportedly show that Epstein responded by offering him "young girls and their sisters" and Lajčák explicitly requested invitations to participate in Epstein's private "games". Lajčák's name appears more than 300 times throughout the documentation.[104][105]
A publicized photograph confirmed their personal connection, showing the two men together at the Slovak diplomatic residence in Vienna during Lajčák's tenure as minister.[106] The released documents also state that Lajčák offered to present Slovak prime minister Robert Fico as a suitable political figure for the agendas of the American far-right and strategist Steve Bannon. Additionally, Lajčák explicitly characterized Fico as the "right figure" for the strategic goals discussed with Epstein. Epstein wanted to establish a network of far-right political groups with Bannon in Europe and Lajčák said Fico could "play Steve's game".[107]
Mark Landon
Mark Landon is a doctor at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and a professor in the College of Medicine. He received payments from Epstein and his associates in the early 2000s, when Epstein owned property in New Albany, Ohio, adjacent to Leslie Wexler's.[108] In a January 2006 email, Darren Indyke asked Epstein if they still were paying Landon, on the understanding that "Landon's agreement requires quarterly payments of $30k to be made to Landon on the 15th of January, April, July and October", Epstein responded: "75 per year."[109]
Caroline Lang
Caroline Lang[fr] is a French film producer and the daughter of politician Jack Lang (q.v.).[110] The 2026 Epstein files release revealed that she was co-owner, with Epstein, of Prytanee LLC, a company based in the US Virgin Islands, which she had failed to declare to the tax authorities.[111] She was also named as a recipient of US$5m in Epstein's will, though she denied all knowledge of it.[112][110] After the documents were made public and prosecutors opened a financial investigation for tax fraud and money laundering into Lang and her father, she resigned from the Syndicat des producteurs indépendants[fr], a French industry association for independent film-makers.[113][110]
Jack Lang is a veteran French politician who most notably served as François Mitterrand's minister of culture in the 1980s and 1990s. He intermittently corresponded with Epstein between 2012 and 2019. On February 6, 2026, he resigned as head of the Paris-based Arab World Institute after their contacts were revealed and prosecutors opened a financial investigation for tax fraud and money laundering into Lang and his daughter Caroline[fr] (q.v.). His name appears in the files more than 600 times.[110][113]
Howard Lutnick is an American businessman and United States Secretary of Commerce. Email correspondence showed that the Commerce Secretary coordinated a visit to Epstein's Caribbean compound in December 2012, though he had previously said he severed ties with Epstein around 2005.[18][34] Lutnick previously said that in 2005 he and his wife were invited to Epstein's house, which was next door to theirs, for coffee, and that he did not associate with Epstein after that visit.[116]
A longtime Epstein aide reached out to Lutnick in November 2012 to arrange a meeting while Lutnick was in St. Thomas; Lutnick, accompanied by his wife Allison and their four children, agreed to a lunch on December 23 on Epstein's private island. Emails showed Lutnick and his wife coordinating logistics, including where to dock their yacht at Little St. James. The day after the scheduled meeting, an Epstein aide passed along a message reading, "Nice to see you."[18] A schedule also showed the two had drinks together on another occasion in 2011, and in 2017 they exchanged emails about the construction of a building across the street from both of their homes.[20] When asked about the emails, Lutnick told The New York Times "I spent zero time with him" and hung up. A Commerce Department spokesman said Lutnick had "limited interactions" with Epstein "in the presence of his wife" and has never been accused of wrongdoing.[18][117]
Peter Mandelson is a British former politician, life peer and diplomat. Between 2003 and 2004, according to bank statements released by the DOJ, three separate $25,000 payments referencing Mandelson were sent from Epstein's JP Morgan account. Mandelson stated he had no record or recollection of receiving the sums and did not know whether the documents were authentic.[118] In 2009, documents show Epstein sent £10,000 (~ $15578) to Mandelson's husband, Reinaldo Avila da Silva; emails suggested the funds were intended for an osteopathy course. In another set of emails, Mandelson asked to stay at one of Epstein's properties while Epstein was serving his 2008–2009 jail term; the terms of the sentence allowed him to work from his office during the day and return to jail each night.[63]
On June 13, 2009, Mandelson allegedly leaked to Epstein a high-level Downing Street document that proposed £20bn of asset sales and revealed Labour's tax policy plans. The memo was written on that day by Nick Butler, who was a special adviser to then British prime minister Gordon Brown from 2009 to 2010.[119] An October 2009 email showed Epstein suggesting Mandelson could marry Princess Beatrice in order to renounce his peerage and run for prime minister; Mandelson replied, "Remember, I am already her Lord President." A December 2009 email from Mandelson appeared to suggest that JPMorgan Chase boss Jamie Dimon should "mildly threaten" Chancellor of the ExchequerAlistair Darling over a bankers' bonus tax through references to the role of US banks as buyers of UK gilts,[120] as well as investment plans in London.[121]
Mandelson stands accused of lobbying the US government in March 2010 to water down proposed restrictions on US bank trading activities, on behalf of Epstein and Jes Staley.[122][123] On March 31, 2010, Mandelson allegedly forwarded confidential minutes of a meeting between the chancellor of the exchequer Alistair Darling and director of the National Economic CouncilLarry Summers five minutes after he received them, which discussed new banking regulation and taxation, and how the US should engage with France and Germany. The following day, Mandelson met with Larry Summers and forwarded the minutes of his meeting two minutes after he received them.[124]
On May 9, 2010, Mandelson gave Epstein advance notice of a €500bn bailout from the EU to save the euro.[119][120] The next day, Mandelson emailed Epstein saying "finally got him to go today", with Gordon Brown resigning a day later.[125][126] In another email on May 10, 2010, Mandelson appeared to reveal to Epstein the existence of a secret underground tunnel between 10 Downing Street and the Ministry of Defence.[126] The document release also included a redacted image of Mandelson in his underwear standing next to an unidentified woman; Mandelson said he could not place the location, the woman, or the circumstances. In September 2025, Mandelson was dismissed as the UK's ambassador to the United States after it emerged he had sent supportive messages to Epstein following his conviction. In response to the document release, Mandelson stated he had been "wrong" to continue his association with Epstein but said he was "never culpable or complicit" in Epstein's crimes, and apologised "unequivocally to the women and girls who suffered."[63][118]
Ashley Massaro was a WWE wrestler and model. In January 2026, Massaro was named in the Epstein files as a possible employee of Ghislaine Maxwell, Epstein's convicted main accomplice. In a redacted complaint, the anonymous claimant wrote: "She mentioned horrible things happening in the island ... including[sic] dead body of a girl that 'had mask and was tied to a tree'. She said that 'the one from London was very mean and also the one from Miami.' Also that the man in the mention was making her[sic] fucking black guys and he liked to watch it, she was young – high school student ... she also said that her friend Ashley Massaro (who died in 2019 – the WWE) got pregnant in high school. They both worked for Maxwell and Mechella from Miami Florida."[127]
Ghislaine Maxwell is a British former socialite, convicted child sex trafficker, and daughter of Robert Maxwell. Ghislaine Maxwell is a prominent former business partner of Epstein. In 2021, she was found guilty of child sex trafficking and other offences in connection with Epstein. The Epstein files contain accounts of her crimes by victims as well as details about court testimonies from accusers and civil claims against her.[128]
Robert Maxwell was a Czechoslovak-born British media proprietor and politician. Epstein wrote an email speculating about the circumstances surrounding Maxwell's 1991 death, alleging that Maxwell was a spy working for Mossad and was killed because he attempted to blackmail the agency for £400 million, threatening to reveal his spy activity if not paid.[98]
Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway, is married to Crown Prince Haakon, the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. Mette-Marit was mentioned over a thousand times in the Epstein files, with communications spanning 2011 to 2014.[129][130][131][88] Documents showed she spent four days at Epstein's house in Palm Beach in January 2013; one message implied she was aware of his 2008 jail term. In one email from her account, Epstein was asked whether a mother should suggest naked women carrying a surfboard for her son's wallpaper. In response to the release, she stated: "I showed poor judgement and regret having any contact with Epstein at all. It is simply embarrassing." She expressed "deep sympathy and solidarity with the victims of the abuses committed by Jeffrey Epstein". Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre said he agreed with Mette-Marit's admission of poor judgement.[88]
Marvin Minsky was an American cognitive and computer scientist, noted for his pioneering research in artificial intelligence. In an unsealed deposition from May 2016, Virginia Giuffre stated that she had been directed to have sex with Minsky during a visit to Epstein's compound in the US Virgin Islands.[132] Minsky's widow, Gloria Rudisch, denied this, claiming they were always together during their visits to the island.[133] Minsky also organized two academic symposia on artificial intelligence at Epstein's compound: one in 2002, and another one in 2011.[132]
George J. Mitchell is an American politician, diplomat, and lawyer. A 2003 handwritten letter in Epstein's "birthday book" showed the former U.S. Senate majority leader describing his friendship with Epstein as "a blessing."[134] Documents released in January 2026 showed a continued relationship between Mitchell and Epstein following Epstein's 2008 conviction, including emails and scheduled appointments; a November 2013 email listed "10:30am Appt w/Senator George Mitchell."[135] The files also contained references to an allegation by Virginia Giuffre, first made in a May 2016 deposition, that Ghislaine Maxwell had directed her to have sex with Mitchell.[136][135]
A spokesperson for Mitchell stated that he never met, spoke to, or had any contact with Giuffre or any underage women, and that the allegation was based on mistaken identity. The spokesperson said Mitchell learned of Epstein's criminal activity only through media reports linked to Epstein's prosecution in Florida and declined further invitations from Epstein's office. Following the document release, the US-Ireland Alliance announced it would remove Mitchell's name from the George J. Mitchell Scholarship Program.[135]
Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor is a member of the British royal family and former Duke of York. In a 2010 email exchange, Epstein offered to introduce then-Prince Andrew to a 26-year-old Russian woman, to which he replied he would be "delighted" to meet her.[137] The same exchange showed the former royal inviting Epstein to have dinner at Buckingham Palace and to "come with whomever"; it is unclear whether such a visit occurred.[116] Epstein and Mountbatten-Windsor were pictured walking together in New York's Central Park three months later; Mountbatten-Windsor had previously claimed he travelled to the United States to end his friendship with Epstein in person in light of his conviction.[63] The former royal was also photographed with a woman lying on the ground in three undated photos.[116] The BBC noted the emails did not indicate any wrongdoing.[64]
Epstein victim Virginia Giuffre, who died in 2025, accused the former royal of sexual abuse; he denied the allegations and settled Giuffre's lawsuit in 2022 for an undisclosed amount.[116] A photo showing Giuffre, Andrew, and Ghislaine Maxwell, which had been disputed by Andrew and Maxwell, appears to have been referenced in a 2015 email sent by "G Maxwell" to Epstein, reading: "In 2001 I was in London when [redacted] met a number of friends of mine including Prince Andrew. A photograph was taken as I imagine she wanted to show it to friends and family."[138] Emails also appear to show that between 2010 and 2011, Andrew may have knowingly shared confidential information with Epstein about his official work as UK trade envoy; trade envoys have a duty of confidentiality over sensitive, commercial, or political information about their official visits.[139]
Elon Musk is an American businessman, former Senior Advisor to the President of the United States, and former head of the Department of Government Efficiency. Emails from 2012 to 2014 showed Epstein making repeated overtures to meet with Musk, with the latter citing schedule conflicts and logistical complications; the communications did not reflect any actual in-person meetings between the two.[18] One email exchange from mid-December 2013 to early 2014 showed Epstein and Musk coordinating a possible holiday visit to Epstein's compound in the U.S. Virgin Islands.[116]
In late 2012, Musk asked Epstein about attending "the wildest party" on his island and wrote in December that he wanted to "hit the party scene in St Barts or elsewhere and let loose"; when Epstein replied that "the ratio on my island might make Talulah uncomfortable", referring to Musk's then-wife Talulah Riley, Musk responded that "ratio is not a problem for Talulah". Musk also suggested in February 2013 that Epstein meet him at the SpaceX rocket factory near Long Beach, California. Following the document release, Musk posted on X that "what matters is not release of some subset of the Epstein files, but rather the prosecution of those who committed heinous crimes with Epstein."[18] In another 2013 email exchange, shortly after a successful Falcon 9 rocket launch, Epstein congratulated Musk and later asked if he had tried the wakefulness medication Nuvigil.[116] Musk has publicly stated he "REFUSED" all invitations to Epstein's island;[117] in a 2019 comment to Vanity Fair, Musk said that he had once briefly visited Epstein's home but had declined repeated invitations to Epstein's island.[116]
Kimbal Musk is an entrepreneur and the brother of Elon Musk. He is referenced more than 140 times in emails exchanged between Jeffrey Epstein, his associates, and Musk himself.[141] Musk first began socializing with Epstein in 2012. He would later be invited to Epstein's private island in 2013, although there are no records that Musk visited the island.[142] Emails revealed that Epstein engineered an intimate relationship between Musk and a young woman in his inner circle with the help of Nikolic; Musk thanked them for connecting with the woman, saying "I believe you both played a role"; they dated for six months in 2012 and 2013.[143] Sources told Business Insider that Epstein set up Musk with the woman in an attempt to build a connection with the Musk family.[144] Following criticism from artists and attendees of Burning Man over Musk's ties to Epstein, Musk resigned from his board role with the Burning Man Project, a position he had held since 2021.[145]
N
Mira Nair
Mira Nair is an Indian American filmmaker. In 2009, Nair attended an after-party for a screening of her film Amelia. Bill Clinton and Jeff Bezos attended the after-party as well, and Epstein hosted it.[146] When the email about this was uncovered, AI-generated photos were shared by an "AI-powered meme engine" on X. The faked photos were made to look like Nair attended events with Mamdani as a baby, along with Epstein and others.[147] Some people reportedly protested Mamdani outside Gracie Mansion because Nair's son is New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani.[148]
Elisa New
Elisa New is an American academic and former professor at Harvard University. In 2015, New wrote to Epstein to thank him for a donation he had arranged, stating: "you have been such a wonderful supporter of my Poetry in America project. That gift woke up the Deans to the importance of Harvard's role in producing the highest quality humanities content in the WORLD." A 2020 Harvard review found that one of Epstein's foundations claimed on tax forms in 2016 that it had donated $110,000 to a nonprofit organization of which New was president. New issued a statement apologizing for maintaining contact with Epstein.[17]
Boris Nikolic
Boris Nikolic is a doctor, biotech investor, and former adviser to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Epstein named him the backup executor of his estate; Nikolic said he did not consent.[149] In January 2010, Nikolic told Epstein that he met Nicolas Sarkozy, and two persons he described as Epstein's friends: Bill Clinton, Prince Andrew; Nikolic mentioned having flirted a 22-year-old woman but, after noticing she was with her husband, concluded that "anything good is rented".[150] In October 2011, Epstein enjoined Nikolic to meet with Christopher Poole.[151]
Martin Nowak is an Austrian-born professor of mathematics and biology at Harvard University. In 2003, Epstein donated $6.5 million to establish Harvard's Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, which Nowak led. Epstein visited Harvard approximately 40 times after his release from jail in 2009, according to a university review. In 2017, Epstein introduced Nowak to his publicist, Masha Drokova, to arrange an interview; Drokova later emailed Epstein to say that she "had a great conversation with Martin" and that "he loves you". After publishing a report on its financial ties to Epstein in 2020, Harvard placed Nowak under sanctions for two years and shuttered the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics; he remains a professor of mathematics and of biology at Harvard. Nowak did not immediately respond to a request for comment.[17] According to The Times, Nowak emailed Ghislaine Maxwell to thank her for her "amazing hospitality", with a little apology about a near miss: "i am so very sorry i caused you so much worry and that i spoilt this day. i am so happy that i did not kill anybody. my perspective of life has changed somehow... lots of love martin."[152]
Mehmet Oz is an American television presenter, physician, and administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. A transaction report from 2004 showed Epstein paid $1,592 for the travel expenses of Oz. Epstein was invited to a 2014 event at which Oz was a guest speaker, but wrote in an email that he was unavailable to attend. The files also contained a 2016 email from Oz to Epstein, though its contents were redacted.[153]
Andrés Pastrana Arango was President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002. According to flight logs from Epstein's private jet, Pastrana was present on a flight from Carabobo, Venezuela, to Nassau, the Bahamas, in 2003. Upon the release of the logs in 2019, Pastrana admitted to having flown with Epstein to the Bahamas for a stop-over, claiming their final destination was Havana, Cuba, at the invitation of Cuban president Fidel Castro. He denied knowledge of Epstein's private island and the acts of child sexual abuse committed there.[154] A photograph released by the U.S. Department of Justice in 2025 shows Pastrana and Ghislaine Maxwell wearing Colombian Aerospace Force uniforms. In a witness statement provided by Maxwell, she stated that she and Pastrana became friends as they are both helicopter pilots.[155]
Jean Pigozzi
Jean Pigozzi is an art collector and philanthropist who inherited his fortune from his father Henri. Pigozzi and Epstein had a substantial correspondance.[156]
In a 2013 exchange, Pigozzi told Epstein: "I like the red head. Seem fun and smart". To Epstein's clarification that she was of Jewish German descent, Pigozzi asked if Black like her.[157]
Stacey Plaskett is an American politician and attorney. Text messages appeared to show Epstein communicating with the delegate representing the U.S. Virgin Islands during a February 2019 House Oversight Committee hearing in which Michael Cohen testified against Trump. Though the recipient's name was redacted, timestamps and message contents appeared to indicate Epstein was texting Plaskett. During the exchange, Epstein noted that Cohen had mentioned Trump's executive assistant Rhona Graff; shortly afterward, Plaskett asked Cohen about Graff during her questioning. Plaskett's office stated that during the hearing she "received texts from staff, constituents and the public at large offering advice, support and in some cases partisan vitriol, including from Epstein," and emphasized her "long record combating sexual assault and human trafficking" and "support for his victims."[22]
Christopher Poole is an American Internet entrepreneur and founder of 4chan. In October 2011, Epstein met with Poole (a.k.a. moot). Epstein later wrote to the person who introduced that he liked him, and found him "very bright".[151]
In various emails, she said that the MeToo movement had "gone too far" and described a 15-year-old victim of Anthony Weiner as "despicable and disgusting". She wrote of the child victim, "I hate women who take advantage of guys and she is definitely one of them. She knew exactly what she was doing and how vulnerable [Weiner] was and she reeled him in like fish to bait."[163] Also included in the documents was a series of emails showing that Epstein helped Allen and Previn's daughter get into Bard College by connecting her to the school's president, a longtime acquaintance.[7]
Penny Pritzker is an American businesswoman and former United States Secretary of Commerce. Pritzker was a subject of discussion between her cousin Tom Pritzker and Jeffrey Epstein. Tom Pritzker alleged that Penny had understated her income by roughly $80 million.[22]
Tom Pritzker
Thomas Pritzker is an American billionaire businessman. In a May 2013 email exchange, Pritzker forwarded Epstein a news article reporting that his cousin Penny had understated her income by roughly $80 million. Pritzker wrote to Epstein, "I clearly did something wrong in my last life to have to deal w this bulls---. AND I warned her"; Epstein responded "nice to see you" and "please come more often," and Pritzker replied "Always fun." A representative for Tom Pritzker declined to comment.[22]
Hardeep Singh Puri is an Indian politician and, since 2021, the Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas. An email from Puri to Epstein in November 2014 detailed reasons for engaging with India following Prime Minister Narendra Modi's election. At the time, Puri had retired from the Indian Foreign Service and was working with the International Peace Institute. Puri did not deny sending the email to Epstein and admitted that he "met him only on a few occasions, 3 or at max 4 times to be precise, as part of a delegation. Our interactions had nothing to do (with the crimes he is accused of)".[164][165]
Pusha T is an American rapper. The rapper is mentioned in an FBI crisis intake form that was released with other Epstein files in January 2026, showing that an anonymous victim alleged that Pusha T had been one of her "handlers" during the years she had experienced being drugged and sexually abused.[90]
Vladimir Putin is the President of Russia. Epstein offered to get a friend a visa with Putin's help. Epstein scheduled an appointment to meet Putin in 2011 and 2014.[27] Epstein attempted to secure an audience with Putin for years in the 2010s to discuss proposals about foreign investment. Notably, he leveraged his contact with Thorbjørn Jagland, the former prime minister of Norway, to facilitate the arrangement of said meeting. Epstein also communicated with Ehud Barak about his hopes to meet Putin. It is unclear whether the meeting ever happened. The president's name appears more than a thousand times in the January Epstein files release, but many references are only tangential, such as in media bulletins sent to Epstein's email.[26] The Kremlin dismissed Western claims that Epstein was a Russian intelligence asset.[166]
Joshua Cooper Ramo is the vice chairman and co-chief executive of Kissinger Associates. Scheduling documents showed the then co-CEO of Henry Kissinger's corporate consulting firm had more than a dozen meetings with Epstein from 2013 to 2017, many in the evenings at Epstein's Manhattan townhouse. Ramo was invited to a breakfast at the townhouse in September 2013 with former Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak. At the time, Ramo served on the boards of Starbucks and FedEx. He did not respond to requests for comment; a spokeswoman for Kissinger said he was unaware that Ramo was meeting with Epstein.[32]
Brett Ratner is an American film director and producer. Ratner appeared in undated photographs with Epstein and Brunel, a late French modeling agent and longtime associate of Epstein.[167] Additional images released in January 2026 showed Ratner seated on a sofa beside Epstein and two women whose identities were obscured; a series of thumbnails showed Ratner, Epstein, and Brunel with different women. There was no indication of wrongdoing in the files.[168]
Terje Rød-Larsen is a Norwegian former diplomat, politician, and sociologist. The Epstein files indicated that each of Terje Rød-Larsen's children were to be given $5 million in Epstein's will. In a statement, Rød-Larsen's wife Mona Juul (q.v.) said that the family had not been aware of the contents of the will before the document release, and declined to comment further.[169] Within the files, Rød-Larsen described Epstein as "my best friend" and "a thoroughly good human being".[170] Larsen had introduced Epstein to Jean Todt (q.v.).[38]
Scheduling documents showed de Rothschild had more than a dozen meetings with Epstein from 2013 to 2019. She bought nearly $1 million worth of auction items on Epstein's behalf in 2014 and 2015, and in October 2015 negotiated a $25 million contract for Epstein's Southern Trust Co. to provide risk analysis services for the bank. In 2019, following Epstein's arrest, the bank initially stated that de Rothschild had never met with Epstein and the bank had no business links with him; the bank later acknowledged to The Wall Street Journal that this statement was not accurate. The bank stated that de Rothschild had no knowledge of any legal proceedings against Epstein and "was similarly unaware of any questions regarding his personal conduct."[32]
Lynn Forester de Rothschild
Lynn Forester de Rothschild, Lady de Rothschild, is an American-British businesswoman and chair of E.L. Rothschild. Epstein said that he had given Lady de Rothschild financial help in the 1990s during her divorce from her second husband Andrew Stein, but a spokesperson for Rothschild said that this claim "one hundred percent false".[171] Epstein's lawyer, Alan Dershowitz, claimed he was introduced to Epstein by Lady de Rothschild, who referred to him as an "interesting autodidact" who he would enjoy getting to know.[172] According to Ghislaine Maxwell, Lady de Rothschild introduced Prince Andrew to Epstein.[173] Peter Mandelson was introduced to Epstein at Lady de Rothschild's house on Martha's Vineyard.[174]
Marc Rowan is an American billionaire businessman. Emails showed the Apollo Global Management CEO corresponded with Epstein over the firm's tax arrangements throughout the 2010s, despite Apollo having stated in 2020 that it "never did any business" with Epstein. In March 2016, Rowan forwarded Epstein a detailed internal calculation regarding Apollo's tax receivable agreement. Documents showed Epstein was involved in discussions about a possible tax "inversion" deal that would have redomiciled Apollo overseas; in one 2016 exchange, Epstein wrote that "using rothschild for the inversion allows interesting structures," and Rowan responded in agreement. An email from Epstein described a meeting that appeared to be with Rowan: "Mark[sic] was here this morning; we talked Athene, Montauk, Rothschild. Planes boats etc." In 2015, Apollo partner Sanjay Patel emailed Epstein stating that "Marc Rowan asked me to catch up with you regarding the Rothschild conversations." Documents also showed Rowan and another Apollo executive met with executives from Edmond de Rothschild Group at Epstein's Manhattan townhouse in early 2016. Apollo confirmed to the Financial Times that it shared company financial information with Epstein but said this was only for Leon Black's personal financial planning; the firm stated that "Mr Rowan had neither a business nor any other relationship with Mr Epstein" and that "Apollo never did any business with Mr Epstein."[175]
Kathryn Ruemmler is an American lawyer, former White House Counsel under Barack Obama, and currently general counsel of Goldman Sachs. Ruemmler was a white-collar defense attorney at Latham & Watkins in 2014 when Epstein's defense attorney Reid Weingarten connected the two. From that time until his death, documents show Epstein sent numerous gifts to Ruemmler. The gifts included flowers, wine, an Hermès bag, $10,000 in Bergdorf Goodman gift cards, spa treatments, an Apple Watch, and "1 million amex points." The two corresponded frequently.[116][176][177]
In 2015, she told Epstein's assistant, "I adore him." That year, Epstein asked her about the legalities of prostitution and consent with "girls"; she replied that minors "could not legally consent to engaging in prostitution."[178] A March 2018 email from Epstein's office invited Ruemmler to a get-together with Epstein, Miroslav Lajčák, and Steve Bannon.[137] When Epstein was arrested in July 2019, she was one of the three people he called.[177] In 2020, Ruemmler joined Goldman Sachs and now states that her relationship with Epstein was professional and that she regularly interacted with criminals as part of her job, adding: "I regret ever knowing him, and I have enormous sympathy for the victims of Epstein's crimes."[116]
Mohammed bin Salman is the Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia. In a 2016 email Epstein wrote that Mohammed had gifted him a tent, "carpets and all", following a trip to Saudi Arabia. Epstein also kept a framed photograph of himself and bin Salman in his New York townhouse.[179]
David Schoen is an American attorney who served as one of Donald Trump's impeachment defense lawyers. In 2011, Schoen wrote to Epstein: "These past couple of years you have to deal with horrible government agencies and folks who appear to be nothing less than extortionists posing as victims and that has to have been terrible." They continued to correspond until shortly before Epstein's death.[51]
Al Seckel is an American writer and skeptic. In 2010, Seckel discussed reputation management with Epstein. Seckel charged Epstein tens of thousands of US dollars for Search engine optimization (SEO), including downranking stories about his conviction and removing "toxic suggested search engine terms", and making edits to the Wikipedia article about him.[180][181] In 2010, Seckel emailed scientists he was acquainted with to link to websites Epstein that promoted his philanthropy to improve their SEO score and bump negative coverage from the search engine's first page.[182]
Andres Serrano is an American photographer and artist. Serrano photographed Epstein shortly before Epstein's death in 2019. In 2016, Serrano emailed Epstein that he was considering a "sympathy vote" for Trump because of outrage about the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape.[183]
Peggy Siegal
Peggy Siegal is an American entertainment publicist. Peggy Siegal had corresponded with Epstein in 2009 during a trip to Kenya. In the email correspondence, she had offered to "bring a little baby back for you....or two". She also stated that she planned to pose for photographs in "mud huts" and pretend that she had "crashed the winter White House" and posed "with Obama's relatives."[98]
Princess Sofia, Duchess of Värmland, is a member of the Swedish royal family and former model. Princess Sofia met with Epstein on a few occasions in 2005, prior to her marriage, while she was living in New York City.[184] An email from 2005 showed that Epstein invited her to his Caribbean estate, which the Swedish Royal Court claims she declined.[184] A 2010 photograph of the princess was sent to Epstein by her mentor, financier Barbro Ehnbom. Epstein invited Sofia to a private Broadway screening in New York in 2012.[185]
Kevin Spacey is an American actor. Undated photographs showed the actor standing with Epstein.[80] Other images showed Spacey visiting the Churchill War Rooms with Bill Clinton and Ghislaine Maxwell during a 2002 visit to the UK as part of a Clinton Foundation humanitarian trip.[81] Spacey told journalist Piers Morgan in 2024 that he traveled on Epstein's plane for the foundation trip but that "he never spent time with him."[80] He has not been accused of wrongdoing in relation to Epstein.[81]
Jes Staley is an American banker and the former group chief executive of Barclays. In December 2025, it was revealed that Staley and Lawrence Summers had been appointed by Epstein as executors of his estate.[186]
Ken Starr is an American lawyer, federal judge, and Baylor University president. In 2008, Starr was "instrumental" in securing a plea deal for Epstein.[187] In released emails from 2016, Starr and Epstein are affectionate, with Starr signing off with "hugs" or "love", and Epstein commenting that he missed talking with Starr. In 2016, they discussed Baylor University sexual assault scandal that ultimately resulted in Starr's termination as Baylor president.[187] In 2017, Epstein asked Starr for advice on how Lawrence Krauss should handle the sexual misconduct allegations levied against him.[59]
Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem is an Emirati businessman and the CEO of DP World. In 2009, Epstein wrote to him, 'I loved the torture video'.[188] The Department of Justice originally redacted his name from the email, but Representative Thomas Massie made it public.[189] In 2014, Sulayem had Epstein ask Peter Mandelson to join the board of one of his companies in 2014.[190] In February 2017, he introduced Indian businessman Anil Ambani to Epstein.[8] Other exchanges between the two show Bin Sulayem facilitating the transfer of Epstein's masseuse to a spa in Turkey for training, Bin Sulayem sending Epstein a link to pornography, and Epstein advising Bin Sulayem on whether to attend Trump's first inauguration.[191]
Lawrence H. Summers is an American economist, former United States secretary of the treasury, and former president of Harvard University. Emails showed the former Treasury Secretary and Harvard president discussed with Epstein his romantic pursuit of a woman; in one exchange, Epstein referred to himself as a "good wing man". Communications between the two continued until days before Epstein's arrest in July 2019.[22][17] Summers stepped back from teaching while Harvard reviews his links to Epstein.[17]
Peter Thiel is an American entrepreneur and co-founder of PayPal, Palantir Technologies, and Founders Fund. Documents showed that an investment firm co-founded by the venture capitalist accepted $40 million from Epstein and that the two corresponded for at least five years before Epstein's death. In 2018, Epstein urged Thiel to "Visit me Caribbean." A spokesman for Thiel declined to comment on the relationship but said Thiel "never went to Epstein's island."[29] Epstein called Thiel "a great friend" and offered fiscal advice.[192]
Steve Tisch is an American film producer and businessman. Emails from 2013 show the New York Giants co-owner and Epstein discussing women, with Epstein describing their physical features.[117] In a statement, Tisch said: "We had a brief association where we exchanged emails about adult women, and in addition, we discussed movies, philanthropy and investments. I did not take him up on any of his invitations and never went to his island. As we all know now, he was a terrible person and someone I deeply regret associating with."[116]
Jean Todt is a French motor racing executive, former president of the FIA, and United Nations Special Envoy. Todt visited Epstein's home in 2017. They had been introduced by Terje Rød-Larsen (q.v.), who wrote to Epstein: "Think it could be useful for you to meet Jean Todt. Sent you his contact info. Call him and invite him for coffee." After the meeting, Epstein emailed Eduardo Teodorani, the chairman of the Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry for the UK, saying that Todt was an "odd guy".[38]
Mark Tramo
Mark Tramo is an adjunct professor at the UCLA department of neurology. He agreed to Al Seckel's request to add a link to websites whitewashing Epstein, saying "What splendid ideas!". He also thanked Epstein for the sometimes anonymous help he provided for his work.[182] After his involvement with Epstein resurfaced, Tramo's profile has been removed from UCLA's website.[193]
Robert Trivers
Robert Trivers is an American evolutionary biologist and social biologist. Trivers told Reuters in 2015 that Epstein had given him about $40,000 for his research. In December 2018, Trivers emailed Epstein about funding, writing that Epstein had once said he would "never not support me". In 2015, Trivers defended Epstein to Reuters, stating that girls "mature sooner than they used to" and that he did not "see these acts as so heinous". Trivers did not respond to requests for comment.[17]
Donald Trump is an American businessman and President of the United States. The New York Times identified more than 5,300 files containing over 38,000 references to Trump, his wife, Mar-a-Lago, and related terms in the January 2026 release; many were news articles or publicly available materials, and none included direct communication between Trump and Epstein. Trump was among half a dozen prominent men about whom the FBI's files included what an official described as "salacious information," according to internal correspondence; the agency compiled tips about Trump into a summary that was released but contained no corroborating information. An 2011 email from the DOJ's files indicates that Epstein planned to call Trump regarding Virginia Giuffre; Trump has claimed he parted ways earlier.[194]
Handwritten notes from a September 2019 victim interview described being transported to Mar-a-Lago to meet Trump, with Epstein allegedly saying "This is a good one, huh?"; the notes did not suggest misconduct by Trump. In an exchange with Jagland, Epstein said that Churkin explained Trump's behavior: "he must be seen to get something".[53]
On February 1, 2026, Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche said on CNN that the Justice Department had looked into sexual misconduct allegations against Trump in connection with Epstein but "did not find credible information to merit further investigation."[195] In its press release, the DOJ stated that some documents contained "untrue and sensationalist claims against President Trump" that were "unfounded and false."[196][64] As of February 1, 2026, the list of tips regarding Trump was no longer available on the DOJ's publicly accessible database.[197]
Melania Trump is a Slovenian and American model and First Lady of the United States. In a 2002 email, Melania Trump wrote to an individual identified as "G" to congratulate her on a New York magazine profile of Epstein. Though the recipient's email address was redacted, Epstein's then-girlfriend Ghislaine Maxwell was photographed in the article. Melania Trump did not immediately respond to a request for comment.[116]
Brian Vickers is an American former professional stock car racer. Documents showed correspondence between the former NASCAR driver and Epstein dating back to at least 2012. Vickers' ex-wife Sarah Kellen has been named as a co-conspirator in Epstein's sex trafficking operation; Kellen has said she is a victim of Epstein, though in 2007 she was accused by authorities in Palm Beach, Florida, of helping recruit young women to provide sex for Epstein. In March 2012, Vickers forwarded Epstein an email with sexually explicit content. In 2013, emails showed Epstein working behind the scenes on NASCAR sponsorships for Vickers after news of Kellen's involvement with Epstein began to surface; Epstein wrote that he had contacted Michael Waltrip Racing co-owners Michael Waltrip and Rob Kauffman to address concerns that sponsor Aaron's might not follow through on a deal. According to Epstein's email, Waltrip and Kauffman did not intend to bring the matter to Aaron's attention; Aaron's went on to sponsor Vickers for the 2014 season. In February 2019, Vickers sent Epstein an email with the subject line "Thought you would like this" and a video attachment.[199]
Michael Waltrip is an American former professional stock car racer, racing commentator, racing team owner, amateur ballroom dancing competitor, and author. 2013 emails between Brian Vickers and Epstein showed Waltrip, then owner of Michael Waltrip Racing was made aware of currently undisclosed allegations made against Vickers that would potentially hamper their sponsorship efforts going forward from anchor partner Aaron's. This happened discussing sponsorships for the 2014 season with co-owner Rob Kauffman, and the pair would state "They are good with it on a personal level, but said they have to keep the best interest of the team in mind."[200]
Casey Wasserman is an American entertainment executive, sports agent, and chairman of the Los Angeles Organizing Committee for the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Wasserman exchanged personal emails with Maxwell in March and April 2003; in one message, Maxwell offered Wasserman a massage that could "drive a man wild."[90][201] Other documents showed Wasserman and his then-wife flew on Epstein's private jet in September 2002 alongside Maxwell, Epstein, Bill Clinton, Kevin Spacey, and others as part of a humanitarian trip organized by the Clinton Foundation to address HIV in Africa; the trip had been previously documented in a 2003 Vanity Fair story. In a statement, Wasserman said he regretted the correspondence, which he said occurred "long before her horrific crimes came to light." He stated that he "never had a personal or business relationship with Jeffrey Epstein" and said: "I am terribly sorry for having any association with either of them."[201]
Harvey Weinstein is an American former film producer and sex offender. Weinstein is mentioned in an FBI crisis intake form that was released with other Epstein files in January 2026.[90] An anonymous victim alleged that, after being drugged and sexually abused, she woke up in a room with Weinstein and Jay-Z.[90]
Les Wexner is an American billionaire businessman. In emails from Epstein's account obtained by Distributed Denial of Secrets, Wexner messaged Epstein prior to Epstein's guilty plea in 2008 writing, "All I can say is I feel sorry. You violated your own number 1 rule ... Always be careful." Wexner claimed to have severed ties with Epstein in 2007. These emails were not released by the DOJ.[202][203] In an unsent draft letter that was released by the DOJ, Epstein wrote to Wexner, "You and I had 'gang stuff' for over 15 years" and then refers to secrets the two of them kept from Wexner's wife.[204] Weeks after Epstein's death, JPMorgan Chase filed a suspicious activity report for transactions conducted by Wexner as well as Glenn Dubin, Leon Black, and Alan Dershowitz, totalling about $1 billion. These reports were unsealed by a federal judge.[28]
Michael Wolff is an American media consultant and journalist. Documents showed extended correspondence between the journalist and Epstein; Wolff has previously said Epstein was a source for his 2018 book Fire and Fury. In December 2015, Wolff told Epstein that CNN planned to ask Trump about his relationship with Epstein; when Epstein asked about crafting an answer, Wolff responded, "I think you should let him hang himself." In October 2016, after the Access Hollywood tape surfaced, Wolff wrote to Epstein that there was an "opportunity to come forward this week and talk about Trump in such a way that could garner you great sympathy and help finish him." Wolff described the emails as "embarrassing" but defended his approach as "playacting" to obtain information about Trump.[22]
Mark Zuckerberg is an American billionaire businessman and co-founder of Facebook and Meta Platforms. August 2015 emails by Epstein contain a photo of Zuckerberg at a dinner table, and Epstein stating that "i had dinner with zuckerburg, mu=k,[sic] thiel hoffman, wild".[205][206][207][208]
123Bø, Emma; Jordheim, Hans M.; Myrvang Ro, Hans Jørgen (February 5, 2026). "Brendes meldinger med Epstein: «Missing you Sir»"[Brende's messages with Epstein: «Missing you Sir»]. E24 (in Norwegian). Retrieved February 11, 2026.
↑Brown, Jeffrey Arlo; Welscher, Hartmut; Krafeld, Merle (February 11, 2026). ""All you had to do was go on Google"". VAN Magazine. Retrieved February 13, 2026.
↑Andersen, Elise; Tobiassen, Markus; Alsaker-Nøstdahl, Endre Rønnevig; Brekken, Benjamin; Opsahl, Per; Gorset, Johannes (January 31, 2026). "Nye Epstein-filer: Omfattende kontakt med kronprinsesse Mette-Marit"[New Epstein files: Extensive contact with Crown Princess Mette-Marit]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Retrieved February 10, 2026.
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