In Buddhism,the Four Noble Truths are "the truths of the noble one," a statement of how things really are when they are seen correctly. The four truths are
The Noble Eightfold Path or Eight Right Paths is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara,the painful cycle of rebirth,in the form of nirvana.
The bhavachakra or wheel of life is a visual teaching aid and meditation tool symbolically representing saṃsāra. It is found on the walls of Tibetan Buddhist temples and monasteries in the Indo-Tibetan region,to help both Buddhists and non Buddhists understand the core Buddhist teachings. The image consists of four concentric circles,held by Yama,the lord of Death,with an image of the Buddha pointing to the moon metaphorically representing the possibility for liberation from the suffering of reincarnation.
Naraka is the realm of hell in Indian religions. According to schools of Hinduism,Jainism and Buddhism,Naraka is a place of torment. The word Neraka in Indonesian and Malaysian has also been used to describe the Islamic concept of Hell.
The desire realm is one of the trailokya or three realms in Buddhist cosmology into which a being caught in saṃsāra may be reborn. The other two are the Form Realm and the Formless Realm (ārūpadhātu).
Loka is a concept in Hinduism and other Indian religions,that may be translated as a planet,the universe,a plane,or a realm of existence. In some philosophies,it may also be interpreted as a mental state that one can experience. A primary concept in several Indian religions is the idea that different lokas are home to various divine beings,and one takes birth in such realms based on their karma.
Saṃsāra in Buddhism and Hinduism is the beginningless cycle of repeated birth,mundane existence and dying again. Samsara is considered to be dukkha,suffering,and in general unsatisfactory and painful,perpetuated by desire and avidya (ignorance),and the resulting karma and sensuousness.
Avidyā in Buddhist literature is commonly translated as "ignorance". The concept refers to ignorance or misconceptions about the nature of metaphysical reality,in particular about the impermanence and anatta doctrines about reality. It is the root cause of Dukkha,and asserted as the first link,in Buddhist phenomenology,of a process that leads to repeated birth.
Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the Universe according to Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.
The four stages of awakening in Early Buddhism and Theravada are four progressive stages culminating in full awakening (Bodhi) as an Arahant.
An asura in Buddhism is a demigod or titan of the Kāmadhātu. They are described as having three heads with three faces each and either four or six arms.
A Deva in Buddhism is a type of celestial being or god who shares the god-like characteristics of being more powerful,longer-lived,and,in general,much happier than humans,although the same level of veneration is not paid to them as to Buddhas.
Naraka is a term in Buddhist cosmology usually referred to in English as "hell" or "purgatory". Another term used for the concept of hell in earlier writings is niraya. The Narakas of Buddhism are closely related to Diyu,the hell in Chinese mythology. A naraka differs from one concept of hell in Christianity in two respects:firstly,beings are not sent to Naraka as the result of a divine judgment or punishment;and secondly,the length of a being's stay in a naraka is not eternal,though it is usually incomprehensibly long.
Humans in Buddhism are the subjects of an extensive commentarial literature that examines the nature and qualities of a human life from the point of view of humans' ability to achieve enlightenment. In Buddhism,humans are just one type of sentient being,that is a being with a mindstream. In Sanskrit Manushya means an Animal with a mind. In Sanskrit the word Manusmriti associated with Manushya was used to describe knowledge through memory. The word Muun or Maan means mind. Mind is collection of past experience with an ability of memory or smriti. Mind is considered as an animal with a disease that departs a soul from its universal enlightened infinitesimal behavior to the finite miserable fearful behavior that fluctuates between the state of heaven and hell before it is extinguished back to its infinitesimal behavior.
Avīci or Avici is one of the hells (naraka) in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism,it is one of the twenty-eight hells located in the kingdom of Yama,where individuals are reborn for bearing false witness and outright lying while transacting business or giving charity. In Buddhism,it is the lowest level of the Naraka or "hell" realm,with the most suffering,into which the dead who have committed grave misdeeds may be reborn. It is said to be a cube 20,000 yojanas on each side,buried deep underneath the divine (nonvisible) earth. Avīci is often translated into English as "interminable" or "incessant",referring to suffering without periods of respite,although it is believed to be ultimately impermanent.
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions,beliefs and practices,largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama,commonly known as the Buddha,"the awakened one".
Buddhist views,although varying on a series of canons within the three branches of Buddhism,observe the concept of euthanasia,or "mercy killing",in a denunciatory manner. Such methods of euthanasia include voluntary,involuntary,and non-voluntary.
In Indian religions,Patala,denotes the subterranean realms of the universe –which are located under the earthly dimension. Patala is often translated as underworld or netherworld. Patala is described as more beautiful than Svarga. Patala is described as filled with splendid jewels,beautiful groves and lakes.
The three poisons in the Mahayana tradition or the three unwholesome roots,in the Theravada tradition are a Buddhist term that refers to the three root kleshas that lead to all negative states. These three states are delusion,also known as ignorance;greed or sensual attachment;and hatred or aversion. These three poisons are considered to be three afflictions or character flaws that are innate in beings and the root of craving,and so causing suffering and rebirth.
Impermanence,called anicca (Pāli) or anitya (Sanskrit),appears extensively in the Pali Canon as one of the essential doctrines of Buddhism. The doctrine asserts that all of conditioned existence,without exception,is "transient,evanescent,inconstant".
