Buddhism by country

Last updated January 21, 2025

This list of Buddhism by country shows the distribution of the Buddhist religion, practiced by about 535 million people as of the 2010s,^[1]^[2] representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population. It also includes other entities such as some territories.

Buddhism is the majority religion in Cambodia, Japan, Myanmar, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, and Mongolia. It is also the most followed religion in certain nations or territories without any majority religion, such as Mainland China, Hong Kong,^[4] Macau,^[5]^[2] Singapore,^[6] Taiwan, Vietnam,^[7] and Kalmykia in Russia. Large Buddhist populations live in North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, and India. China has the largest population of Buddhists, around 470 million or 33.3% of its total population according to the new data of 2023.^[1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana , making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions.

Mahayana, also practised in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of the world's Buddhists.^[1] The second largest body of Buddhist schools is Theravada , mostly followed in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka.^[1] The third largest body of schools Vajrayana , is followed mostly in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia and parts of Russia,^[1] but is disseminated throughout the world. The fourth largest body of Buddhist schools is Navayana , mostly followed in Maharashtra, India.^[8]^[9]

By country

Buddhist population by country (Pew Research Center)^[1]

Buddhist population by country (Pew Research Center)^[1]
Country/Territory	Population	% Buddhist	No. of Buddhists
Afghanistan	31,410,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Albania	3,200,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Algeria	35,470,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
American Samoa	70,000	0.3%	< 10,000
Andorra	80,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Angola	19,080,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Argentina	40,410,000	< 0.1%	20,000
Armenia	3,090,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Aruba	110,000	0.1%	< 10,000
Australia	22,270,000	2.7%	600,000
Austria	8,390,000	0.2%	20,000
Azerbaijan	9,190,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Bahamas	340,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Bahrain	1,260,000	2.5%	30,000
Bangladesh	148,690,000	0.6%	1,001,000
Barbados	270,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Belarus	9,600,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Belgium	10,710,000	0.2%	30,000
Belize	310,000	0.5%	< 10,000
Benin	8,850,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Bermuda	60,000	0.5%	< 10,000
Bhutan	730,000	74.7%	540,000
Bolivia	9,930,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Botswana	2,010,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Brazil	194,950,000	0.1%	250,000
Brunei	400,000	8.6%	30,000
Bulgaria	7,490,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Burkina Faso	16,470,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Cambodia	14,140,000	96.9%	13,690,000
Cameroon	19,600,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Canada	34,020,000	0.8%	280,000
Chad	11,230,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Chile	17,110,000	< 0.1%	10,000
China	1,341,340,000	33.4%	470,000,000
Colombia	46,290,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Democratic Republic of the Congo	65,970,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Republic of the Congo	4,040,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Costa Rica	4,660,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Côte d'Ivoire	19,740,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Croatia	4,400,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Cuba	11,260,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Cyprus	1,100,000	0.2%	< 10,000
Czech Republic	10,490,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Denmark	5,550,000	0.2%	10,000
Dominica	70,000	0.1%	< 10,000
Dominican Republic		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Ecuador		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Egypt		< 0.1%	< 10,000
El Salvador		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Estonia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Ethiopia		< 0.1%	?
Falkland Islands		< 0.1%	?
Federated States of Micronesia	110,000	0.4%	< 10,000
Fiji		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Finland		< 0.1%	< 10,000
France	62,790,000	0.5%	280,000
French Guiana		< 0.1%	< 10,000
French Polynesia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Germany	82,300,000	0.3%	210,000
Ghana		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Greece		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Guam	180,000	1.1%	< 10,000
Guatemala		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Guinea		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Guyana		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Haiti		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Honduras	7,600,000	0.1%	< 10,000
Hong Kong	7,050,000	13.2%	930,000
Hungary		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Iceland	320,000	0.4%	< 10,000
India	1,224,610,000	0.8%	9,250,000
Indonesia	266,535,000	0.71%	2,062,150
Iran		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Iraq		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Ireland	4,470,000	0.2%	< 10,000
Israel	7,420,000	0.3%	20,000
Italy	60,550,000	0.2%	110,000
Jamaica	2,740,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Japan	126,540,000	36.2%	45,820,000
Jordan	6,190,000	0.4%	20,000
Kazakhstan	16,030,000	0.2%	40,000
Kenya		< 0.1%	< 10,000
North Korea	24,350,000	1.5%	370,000
South Korea	48,180,000	22.9%	11,050,000
Kuwait	2,740,000	2.8%	80,000
Kyrgyzstan		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Laos	6,200,000	66.1%	4,100,000
Latvia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Lebanon	4,230,000	0.2%	< 10,000
Lesotho		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Liberia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Libya	6,360,000	0.3%	20,000
Liechtenstein		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Lithuania		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Luxembourg		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Macau	540,000	17.3%	90,000
Madagascar		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Malawi		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Malaysia	28,400,000	19.8%	5,010,000
Maldives	320,000	0.6%	< 10,000
Mali		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Malta		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Martinique		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Mauritius		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Mexico		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Mongolia	2,760,000	55.1%	1,520,000
Montenegro		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Morocco		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Mozambique		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Myanmar (Burma)	47,960,000	89.9%	38,410,000
Namibia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Nauru	10,000	1.1%	< 10,000
Nepal	29,960,000	8.2%	2,420,000
Netherlands	16,610,000	0.2%	40,000
New Caledonia	250,000	0.6%	< 10,000
New Zealand	4,370,000	1.1%	52,779
Nicaragua		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Nigeria	158,420,000	< 0.1%	10,000
North Macedonia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Northern Mariana Islands	60,000	10.6%	< 10,000
Norway	4,880,000	0.6%	30,000
Oman	2,780,000	0.8%	20,000
Pakistan	173,590,000	< 0.1%	20,000
Palau	20,000	0.8%	< 10,000
Palestine		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Panama	3,520,000	0.2%	< 10,000
Papua New Guinea		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Paraguay		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Peru	29,080,000	0.2%	50,000
Philippines	93,260,000	0.03%	40,000
Poland		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Portugal	10,680,000	0.6%	60,000
Puerto Rico	3,750,000	0.3%	10,000
Qatar	1,760,000	3.1%	50,000
Réunion	850,000	0.2%	< 10,000
Romania		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Russia	142,960,000	0.1%	170,000
Saudi Arabia	27,450,000	0.3%	90,000
Senegal	12,430,000	0.3%	< 10,000
Serbia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Seychelles		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Sierra Leone	5,870,000	0.3%	< 10,000
Singapore	5,090,000	33.9%	1,730,000
Slovakia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Slovenia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Solomon Islands	540,000	0.3%	< 10,000
South Africa	50,130,000	0.2%	100,000
Spain		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Sri Lanka	20,860,000	69.3%	14,450,000
Sudan		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Suriname	520,000	0.6%	< 10,000
Swaziland		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Sweden	9,380,000	0.4%	40,000
Switzerland	7,660,000	0.4%	30,000
Taiwan	23,220,000	21.3%	4,950,000
Tajikistan		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Tanzania		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Thailand	69,120,000	93.2%	64,420,000
Togo		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Tonga	100,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Tunisia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Trinidad and Tobago	1,340,000	0.3%	< 10,000
Turkey	72,750,000	< 0.1%	40,000
Turkmenistan		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Tuvalu		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Uganda		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Ukraine	45,450,000	< 0.1%	20,000
United Arab Emirates	7,510,000	2.0%	150,000
United Kingdom	62,040,000	0.4%	240,000
United States	310,380,000	1.2%	3,570,000
Uruguay		< 0.1%	< 10,000
US Virgin Islands		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Uzbekistan	27,440,000	< 0.1%	< 10,000
Vanuatu		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Venezuela		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Vietnam	87,850,000	16.4%	14,380,000
Yemen		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Zambia		< 0.1%	< 10,000
Zimbabwe		< 0.1%	< 10,000
World	6,895,890,000	7.1%	487,540,000

Buddhist population by country (Other data)

Buddhist population by country (Other data)
Country/territory	Population	% Buddhist	No. of Buddhists	Year	Source
Argentina	47,327,407			2022	National census
Australia	25,422,788	2.4%	615,800	2021	National census^[10]
Bangladesh	165,158,616	0.61%		2022	National census^[11]
Belgium		0.3%		2018	Other^[12]
Bhutan	735,553			2017	National census
Cambodia		97.9%		2013	Other^[13]
Canada		1.1%	366,830	2011	Census^[14]^[15]
China		33.4%	470,000,000	2023	Studies^[16]
Costa Rica		2.34%	100,000	2012	Other^[17]
Denmark		1.1%	64,000	2018	Other^[18]
Germany			270,000	2016	Other^[19]
India	1,210,854,977	0.7%	8,442,972	2011	National census
Italy		0.3%	160,000		Caritas Italiana ^[20]
Japan		67.0%	84,336,539	2018	ACA Religious Yearbook^[21]
Japan		Up to 20.0%		2017	JGSS^[22]
Kuwait		4.0%	100,000	2006	Other^[23]
Macau		80.0%	455,000	2012	Government report^[24]
Mongolia		Up to 93.0%			Other^[25]
Myanmar	50,279,900	89.8%	45,185,449	2014	National census^[26]
Oman		1.2%	30,501		Other^[27]
Philippines			1,861,600		Other^[28]
Russia		0.6%	866,500	2016	Other^[29]
Saudi Arabia		1.5%	414,016	2007	Other^[30]
Singapore	4,044,210	31.1%	1,257,749	2020	National census
Sri Lanka	20,359,439	70.2%	14,272,056	2011	National census^[31]
Sweden		0.7%	57,064	2020	Other^[32]
Taiwan		35.0%	8,050,000	2006	Other^[33]
Thailand	67,706,048	93.5%	63,299,193	2018	National census
Thailand		94.5%	63,620,298	2015	Census^[34]
United Arab Emirates		5.0%	222,201	2006	Other^[35]^[36]
Vietnam		Up to 66.7%			Other^[37]

By region

Buddhism by region in 2010^[1]
Region	Estimated total population	Estimated Buddhist population	%
Asia-Pacific	4,054,990,000	481,290,000	11.9%
North America	344,530,000	3,860,000	1.1%
Europe	742,550,000	1,330,000	0.2%
Middle East-North Africa	341,020,000	500,000	0.1%
Latin America-Caribbean	590,080,000	410,000	<0.1%
Total	6,895,890,000	487,540,000	7.1%

Ten countries with the largest Buddhist populations

Countries with the largest Buddhist populations as of 2010, according to Pew Research Center^[1]
Country	Estimated Buddhist population	% of the total population of the country	% of world Buddhist population
China	244,130,000	18.2%	50.1%
Thailand	64,420,000	94.5%	13.2%
Japan	45,820,000	36.2%	9.4%
Myanmar	38,410,000	87.9%	7.9%
Vietnam	14,910,000	14.9%	2.9%
Sri Lanka	14,450,000	70.2%	3.0%
Cambodia	13,690,000	96.9%	2.8%
South Korea	11,050,000	22.9%	2.3%
India	9,250,000	0.8%	1.9%
Malaysia	5,010,000	19.8%	1.0%
Subtotal for the ten countries	460,620,000	(% of total of all ten countries) 15.3%	94.5%
Subtotal for the rest of the world	26,920,000	(% of rest of world population) 0.4%	5.5%
World total	487,540,000	7.1%	100%

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↑ "The International Day of Vesak | Philippines". Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
↑ "ФСО доложила о межконфессиональных отношениях в РФ". ZNAK. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
↑ "International Religious Freedom Report: Saudi Arabia". 14 September 2007. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
↑ Department of Census and Statistics,The Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka-2011 Archived 7 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Willander, Erika (2020). Ett mångreligiöst Sverige i förändring. Bromma: Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund. ISBN 978-91-983453-5-3.
↑ TAIWAN Archived 12 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
↑ "Population by religion, region and area, 2015" (PDF). NSO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
↑ "International Religious Freedom Report: United Arab Emirates". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
↑ "Country Profiles". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
↑ Zatko, Martin; Emmons, Ron (12 July 2012). The Rough Guide to Vietnam. Rough Guides UK. ISBN 978-1-4093-5936-4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2021.

External links

The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2010
CIA FactBook Archived 10 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
adherents.com

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v t e Topics in Buddhism
Outline Glossary Index
Foundations	Four Noble Truths Three Jewels Buddha Dharma Sangha Noble Eightfold Path Nirvana Middle Way
The Buddha	Tathāgata Birthday Four sights Eight Great Events Great Renunciation Physical characteristics Life of Buddha in art Footprint Relics Iconography in Laos and Thailand Films Miracles Family Suddhodāna (father) Māyā (mother) Mahapajapati Gotamī (aunt, adoptive mother) Yaśodharā (wife) Rāhula (son) Ānanda (cousin) Devadatta (cousin) Places where the Buddha stayed Buddha in world religions
Bodhisattvas	Avalokiteśvara Guanyin Mañjuśrī Mahāsthāmaprāpta Ākāśagarbha Kṣitigarbha Samantabhadra Vajrapāṇi Skanda Tārā Metteyya/Maitreya
Disciples	Kaundinya Assaji Sāriputta Mahamoggallāna Ānanda Mahākassapa Aṅgulimāla Anuruddha Mahākaccana Nanda Subhūti Puṇṇa Mantānīputta Upāli Mahapajapati Gotamī Khema Uppalavanna Asita Channa Yasa
Key concepts	Avidyā (Ignorance) Bardo Bodhicitta Buddha-nature Dhamma theory Dharma Enlightenment Five hindrances Indriya Karma Kleshas Mental factors Mindstream Parinirvana Pratītyasamutpāda Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Skandha Śūnyatā Taṇhā (Craving) Tathātā Ten Fetters Three marks of existence Anicca Dukkha Anattā Two truths doctrine
Cosmology	Ten spiritual realms Six Paths Deva realm Human realm Asura realm Hungry Ghost realm Animal realm Naraka Three planes of existence
Branches	Mahayana Zen Chinese Chan Japanese Zen Korean Seon Vietnamese Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Huayan Risshū Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon Dzogchen Theravada Navayana Early Buddhist schools Pre-sectarian Buddhism Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism
Practices	Bhavana Bodhipakkhiyādhammā Brahmavihara Mettā Karuṇā Mudita Upekkha Buddhābhiṣeka Dāna Devotion Deity yoga Dhyāna Faith Five Strengths Iddhipada Meditation Mantras Kammaṭṭhāna Recollection Smarana Anapanasati Samatha-vipassanā (Vipassana movement) Shikantaza Zazen Tukdam Koan Ganana Mandala Tonglen Tantra Tertön Terma Merit Mindfulness Mindful Yoga Satipatthana Nekkhamma Nianfo Pāramitā Paritta Puja Offerings Prostration Music Refuge Sādhu Satya Sacca Seven Factors of Enlightenment Sati Dhamma vicaya Pīti Passaddhi Śīla Five precepts Eight precepts Bodhisattva vow Pratimokṣa Threefold Training Śīla Samadhi Prajñā Vīrya Four Right Exertions Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
Nirvana	Bodhi Bodhisattva Buddhahood Pratyekabuddhayāna Four stages of awakening Sotāpanna Sakadagami Anāgāmi Arhat
Monasticism	Bhikkhu Bhikkhunī Śrāmaṇera Śrāmaṇerī Anagārika Ajahn Sayadaw Zen master Rōshi Lama Rinpoche Geshe Tulku Western tulku Kappiya Donchee Householder Upāsaka and Upāsikā Achar Śrāvaka Ten principal disciples Shaolin Monastery
Major figures	The Buddha Nagasena Aśvaghoṣa Nagarjuna Asanga Vasubandhu Kumārajīva Buddhaghosa Buddhapālita Dignāga Bodhidharma Zhiyi Emperor Wen of Sui Songtsen Gampo Xuanzang Shandao Padmasambhava Saraha Atiśa Naropa Karmapa Hōnen Shinran Dōgen Nichiren Shamarpa Dalai Lama Panchen Lama Ajahn Mun B. R. Ambedkar Ajahn Chah Thích Nhất Hạnh
Texts	Early Buddhist texts Tripiṭaka Mahayana sutras Pali Canon Chinese Buddhist canon Tibetan Buddhist canon Dhammapada Sutra Vinaya Madhyamakālaṃkāra Abhidharmadīpa
Countries	Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Korea Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Russia Buryatia Kalmykia Tuva (ru) Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Tibet Vietnam Africa Senegal South Africa Central Asia Uzbekistan Middle East Iran Saudi Arabia Western countries Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Costa Rica Czech Republic France Germany Italy Mexico New Zealand Norway Poland Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom United States Venezuela
History	Timeline Ashoka Kanishka Buddhist councils History of Buddhism in India Decline of Buddhism in India Huichang persecution of Buddhism Greco-Buddhism Gandharan Buddhism Texts Menander I Buddhism and the Roman world Buddhism in the West Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Persecution of Buddhists In Afghanistan In Vietnam Rimé movement Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal Dalit Buddhist movement Chinese invasion of Tibet 1959 Tibetan uprising Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Buddhist modernism Vipassana movement 969 Movement Engaged Buddhism Women in Buddhism
Philosophy	Abhidharma Atomism Buddhology Creator Buddhism and democracy Economics Eight Consciousnesses Engaged Buddhism Eschatology Ethics Evolution Humanism Logic Reality Secular Buddhism Socialism The unanswerable questions
Culture	Architecture Temple Vihāra Kyaung Wat Ordination hall Stupa Pagoda Burmese pagoda Candi Dzong architecture List of Buddhist architecture in China Japanese Buddhist architecture Buddhist temples in Korea Thai temple art and architecture Tibetan Buddhist architecture Art Greco-Buddhist Bodhi Tree Budai Buddha in art Calendar Cuisine Funeral Holidays Vesak Uposatha Māgha Pūjā Asalha Puja Vassa Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Kasaya Mahabodhi Temple Mantra Om mani padme hum Mudra Music Pilgrimage Lumbini Maya Devi Temple Bodh Gaya Sarnath Kushinagar Poetry Prayer beads Hama yumi Prayer wheel Symbolism Dharmachakra Flag Bhavacakra Swastika Thangka Temple of the Tooth Vegetarianism
Miscellaneous	Abhijñā Amitābha Brahmā Dharma talk Hinayana Iddhi Kalpa Koliya Lineage Māra Siddhi Sacred languages Pāḷi Sanskrit
Comparison	Baháʼí Faith Christianity Influences Comparison East Asian religions Gnosticism Hinduism Jainism Judaism Psychology Science Theosophy Violence Western philosophy
Lists	Bodhisattvas Buddhas Buddhists Suttas Sutras Temples Festivals
Category Buddhismportal

Buddhism by country

Contents

By country

Buddhist population by country (Pew Research Center)^[1]

Buddhist population by country (Other data)

By region

Ten countries with the largest Buddhist populations

See also

Related Research Articles

References

External links

v t e Lists of countries by religious rankings
Buddhism Christianity Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Protestantism Latter-day Saints Hinduism Importance of religion Irreligion Islam Ahmadiyya Judaism Judaism type Sikhism Zoroastrianism
List of international rankings Lists by country

Buddhism by country

Contents

By country

Buddhist population by country (Pew Research Center) [1]

Buddhist population by country (Other data)

By region

Ten countries with the largest Buddhist populations

See also

Related Research Articles

References

External links

Buddhist population by country (Pew Research Center)^[1]