Sonic Team

Last updated

Sonic Team
Native name
ソニックチーム
Romanized name
Sonikku chīmu
Formerly
  • Sega CS3
  • Sega R&D No. 8 (AM8)
  • Sega GE1
Company type Division
Industry Video games
Founded1990;34 years ago (1990)
Founders
Headquarters
Shinagawa, Tokyo
,
Japan
Key people
Products List of Sonic Team games
Brands
Number of employees
400+ (2023 [1] )
Parent Sega
Website www.sonicteam.com OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Sonic Team [a] is a video game developer owned by the Japanese video game company Sega as part of its Sega CS Research and Development No. 2 division. Sonic Team is best known for its Sonic the Hedgehog series and games such as Nights into Dreams and Phantasy Star Online .

Contents

The initial team, formed in 1990, comprised staff from Sega's Consumer Development division, including programmer Yuji Naka, artist Naoto Ohshima, and level designer Hirokazu Yasuhara. The team took the name Sonic Team in 1991 with the release of their first game, Sonic the Hedgehog, for the Sega Genesis. It was a major success and contributed to millions of Genesis sales. The next Sonic games were developed by Naka and Yasuhara in America at Sega Technical Institute, while Ohshima worked on Sonic CD in Japan. Naka returned to Japan in late 1994 to become the head of CS3, later renamed R&D No. 8. During this time, the division took on the Sonic Team brand but developed games that do not feature Sonic, such as Nights into Dreams (1996) and Burning Rangers (1998).

Following the release of Sonic Adventure in 1998, some Sonic Team staff moved to the United States to form Sonic Team USA and develop Sonic Adventure 2 (2001). With Sega's divestiture of its studios into separate companies, R&D No. 8 became SONICTEAM Ltd. in 2000, with Naka as CEO and Sonic Team USA as its subsidiary. Sega's financial troubles led to several major structural changes in the early 2000s; the United Game Artists studio was absorbed by Sonic Team in 2003, and Sonic Team USA became Sega Studios USA in 2004.

After Sammy Corporation purchased Sega in 2004, Sonic Team was reincorporated to become Sega's GE1 research and development department. Naka departed during the development of Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), and Sega Studios USA was merged back into Sonic Team in 2008. The following decade was marked by Sonic games of varying reception, with head of studio Takashi Iizuka acknowledging that Sonic Team had prioritized shipping over quality.

History

1990: Formation and Sonic the Hedgehog

Yuji Naka, programmer for Sonic Team and later division president Yuji Naka' - Magic - Monaco - 2015-03-21- P1030036 (cropped).jpg
Yuji Naka, programmer for Sonic Team and later division president

In 1984, programmer Yuji Naka was hired into Sega's Consumer Development division. [2] His first project was Girl's Garden , which he and Hiroshi Kawaguchi created as part of their training process. [3] For his next game, Phantasy Star (1987) for the Master System, Naka created pseudo-3D animation effects. [4] He met artist Naoto Ohshima while working on the game. [5]

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a rivalry formed between Sega and Nintendo due to the release of their 16-bit video game consoles: the Sega Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. [6] [7] [8] Sega needed a mascot character that would be as synonymous with their brand as Mario was with Nintendo. [6] [7] [9] Sega wanted a killer app and character that could appeal to an older demographic than preteens, demonstrate the capabilities of the Genesis, and ensure commercial success in North America. [7]

Sega held an internal competition to submit characters designs for a mascot. [9] [10] Ohshima designed a blue hedgehog named Sonic, [6] who was inserted into a prototype game created by Naka. [9] The Sonic design was refined to be less aggressive and appeal to a wider audience before the division began development on their platform game Sonic the Hedgehog . [9] According to Ohshima, Sega was looking for a game that would sell well in the United States as well as in Japan. Ohshima and Naka already had the game and character ready, with Ohshima having worked with Sega's toy and stationery department on design ideas. Ohshima said their progress encouraged Sega to select their proposal, as theirs was the only team to have put in a high amount of time and effort. This left him confident their proposal would be selected. [11]

The Sonic the Hedgehog project began with just Naka and Ohshima, [12] [11] but grew to involve two programmers, two sound engineers, and three designers. [13] Hirokazu Yasuhara joined to supervise Naka and Ohshima and develop levels, and became the lead designer. He satisfied Naka's request for a simple, one-button design by having Sonic do damage by jumping. [14] Sonic the Hedgehog was released in 1991 and proved a major success, contributing to millions of sales of the Genesis. [6] The team took the name Sonic Team for the game's release. [6] Naka referred to Sonic Team as only a "team name" at this point. [2]

1994–1998: Re-establishment and new intellectual properties

Naoto Ohshima, Sonic Team artist who designed the Sonic the Hedgehog character Naoto ohshima gdc 2018.jpg
Naoto Ohshima, Sonic Team artist who designed the Sonic the Hedgehog character

Shortly after the release of Sonic the Hedgehog, Naka, Yasuhara, and a number of other Japanese developers relocated to California to join Sega Technical Institute (STI), a development division established by Mark Cerny intended as an elite studio combining the design philosophies of American and Japanese developers. [6] [15] While Naka and Yasuhara developed Sonic the Hedgehog 2 with STI, Ohshima worked on Sonic CD, a prequel for the Sega CD add-on. Though Naka was not directly involved in the Sonic CD development, he exchanged design ideas with Ohshima. [16]

Following the release of Sonic & Knuckles in 1994, Naka returned to Japan, having been offered a role as a producer. [6] He was placed in charge of Sega's Consumer Development Department 3, also known as CS3. [17] Naka was reunited with Ohshima and brought with him Takashi Iizuka, [18] who had also worked with Naka's team at STI. [7] In the mid-1990s, Sonic Team started work on new intellectual property, leading to the creation of Nights into Dreams (1996) and Burning Rangers (1998) for the Sega Saturn. [6] Naka stated that the release of Nights is when Sonic Team was truly formed as a brand. [2]

Few Sonic games were released for the Saturn. [19] Since Sonic Team was preoccupied with Nights into Dreams, it outsourced the development of the last Genesis Sonic game, Sonic 3D Blast (1996), to the British studio Traveller's Tales. [20] Sonic Team developed bonus levels for a Saturn port, [21] [22] released in place of the canceled STI game Sonic X-treme . [23] [24] Yasuhara moved to London to assist the development of Sonic R (1997), [12] a Sonic racing game co-developed by Sonic Team and Traveller's Tales. [25] The only other Saturn Sonic game was Sonic Jam (1997), a compilation of the Genesis games with a 3D overworld Sonic Team used to experiment with 3D Sonic gameplay. [26]

The Saturn was a commercial failure, which some writers attributed to its lack of a major Sonic game. [19] [27] Sega shifted focus to the Dreamcast, which launched in Japan in 1998. [6] Sonic Team saw the Dreamcast as an opportunity to revisit the Sonic series. [6] [9] They had begun working on a 3D Sonic game for the Saturn, but development moved to the Dreamcast to align with Sega's plans. [9] Iizuka led the project; Iizuka had long wanted to create a Sonic role-playing video game and felt the Dreamcast was powerful enough to achieve his vision. The game became Sonic Adventure (1998), [6] the bestselling Dreamcast game. [28]

Around this time, CS3 was renamed Sega Research and Development Department 8 (R&D #8). [29] It was sometimes referred to as AM8 or "Sega-AM8", [6] [30] as Sega's R&D department was named Sega Amusement Machine Research and Development (AM), though Sonic Team focused solely on home console games. [31] Until 2000, media referred to Sonic Team as both R&D #8 [32] and AM8. [33]

1999–2003: Dreamcast, Sonic Team USA and Sega restructuring

In 1999, shortly after the release of Sonic Adventure, twelve Sonic Team members relocated to San Francisco to establish Sonic Team USA, while others remained in Japan. Shortly afterward, a number of key employees—including Ohshima—left Sega to form a new studio, Artoon. Sonic Team achieved success in the arcade game market in 1999 with the launch of rhythm game Samba de Amigo , released for the Dreamcast. They also began developing online games; in 1999, they released ChuChu Rocket! , a puzzle game that used the Dreamcast's online capabilities. In 2000, Sonic Team launched the role-playing game Phantasy Star Online to critical and commercial success. [6]

Sega began to restructure its studios in October 2000 and spun off its software divisions into subsidiary companies. [2] [6] When the departments took new names, Naka felt it important to preserve the Sonic Team brand name, [6] and the division's new legal name as a company was SONICTEAM, Ltd. [6] Naka was installed as the CEO, and Sonic Team USA became a subsidiary of the new company. [2]

Despite a number of well-received games, Sega discontinued the Dreamcast in 2001 [6] and exited the hardware business. [28] Sega transitioned into a third-party developer and began developing games for multiple platforms. [28] From 2000, Sonic Team in Japan began to release fewer games, with a few releases such as the puzzle game Puyo Pop and the action game Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg . The company changes and lack of a Sega console affected Sonic Team; according to Naka, in a 2006 interview, "Our approach was always to create strategic title concepts, which included the hardware. We do somewhat miss the idea of being able to address these constant challenges." [6] Yasuhara left to join Naughty Dog after Sega discontinued the Dreamcast. [12] However, originality remained important for Naka; Sonic Team developed Sonic Heroes instead of Sonic Adventure 3, explored the digital card game genre with Phantasy Star Online Episode III: C.A.R.D. Revolution , and developed the original game Billy Hatcher. [34] Naka credited the enduring success of Sonic to the character's appeal to children. Naka's goal was to appeal to the largest audience possible and to appeal to children. [35]

Early in 2003, Sega president Hideki Sato and COO Tetsu Kamaya announced they were stepping down from their roles, with Sato being replaced by Hisao Oguchi, the head of Hitmaker. As part of Oguchi's restructuring plan, he announced his intention to consolidate Sega's studios into "four or five core operations". [36] Sonic Team was financially solvent and absorbed United Game Artists, another Sega subsidiary led by Tetsuya Mizuguchi and known for the music games Space Channel 5 (1999) and Rez (2001). [6] [37]

2004–present: Reintegration and recent years

In 2004, the Japanese company Sammy acquired a controlling interest in Sega and formed Sega Sammy Holdings. [6] Prior to the merger, Sega began the process of re-integrating its subsidiaries into the main company. [38] Sonic Team USA became Sega Studios USA, [6] while SONICTEAM Ltd. became Sega's Global Entertainment 1 research and development division (GE1). [39] [40] The team is still referred to as Sonic Team. [9] As of 2005, senior Sega figures including Toshihiro Nagoshi and Yu Suzuki were reporting to Naka; according to Takashi Yuda, he was involved in all Sega game development. [41] Naka announced his departure on 8 May 2006 and formed a new studio, Prope, to focus on creating original games. [6] He left Sonic Team during the development of Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), released as part of the 15-year anniversary of the Sonic franchise. Sonic the Hedgehog was panned for its bugs and design flaws; Sonic Unleashed (2008) received mixed reviews, but sold well. [9] Both games were released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360; Sonic Team also developed a series of Sonic games for the Wii and Nintendo DS, such as 2007's Sonic and the Secret Rings . [28]

By 2010, Sonic Team had become part of CS Research and Development No. 2 (CS2), Sega Studios USA had been reintegrated into the Japanese team, and Iizuka had become the head of the department. [42] [43] After a series of poorly received Sonic releases, Sonic Team refocused on speed and more traditional side-scrolling in Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode I and II , Sonic Generations , and Sonic Colors , which all received better reviews. In 2015, Iizuka recognized in an interview with Polygon that Sonic Team had prioritized shipping games over quality, and had not had enough involvement in later third-party Sonic games, such as Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric . He hoped the Sonic Team logo would stand as a "mark of quality"; he planned to release quality games and expand the Sonic brand, while retaining the modern Sonic design. [9] Iizuka stated that doing new things with the franchise has had good and bad points at times. [44] Sonic Team's first Sonic game exclusive to smartphones, Sonic Runners , was released in 2015. An endless runner, it was designed to have more replay value than other games in the genre. [45] Sonic Runners received mixed reviews [46] and was unprofitable, [47] resulting in its discontinuation a year later. [48]

In 2017, Sonic Team developed and released Sonic Forces , and oversaw the development of Sonic Mania by Christian Whitehead. Forces was aimed at a broad audience of young and adult players, while Mania was focused on fans of the original Genesis games. [49] Mania became the best reviewed Sonic game in fifteen years [50] following nearly two decades of mixed reviews for the franchise. [9] [51] Sonic Team also contributed to the 2019 reboot of Sakura Wars. [52] Sonic Team expanded following the success of Sonic Frontiers (2022), with more than 400 employed as of 2023. [53]

Sonic Team USA / Sega Studios USA

Sega Studios USA
FormerlySonic Team USA
Company type Division
Industry Video games
Founded1999;25 years ago (1999)
Defunct2008
FateMerged with Sonic Team
Headquarters
San Francisco, California
,
United States
Key people
  • Takashi Iizuka
Parent Sonic Team, Ltd. (1999-2004)
Sega of America (2004-2008)

Sonic Team USA, later Sega Studios USA, was a division of Sega and of Sonic Team while Sonic Team was a subsidiary company. It was founded when twelve Sonic Team members, including Takashi Iizuka, relocated to San Francisco, California, in 1999, [6] and was a subsidiary of SONICTEAM, Ltd. by 2000. [2] The team worked on game development, translation, [54] and market studies in the United States, [55] until they returned to Japan and merged back into Sonic Team in 2008. [56]

Sonic Team USA translated Sonic Adventure and tested ChuChu Rocket! in America [54] [55] before beginning work on Sonic Adventure 2 . They took inspiration from their location in San Francisco, as well as Yosemite National Park and other areas of the United States. [54] Sonic Adventure 2 was released on 23 June 2001, [57] and was ported to the GameCube. [58] The next Sonic Team USA project was Sonic Heroes (2003), the first Sonic game developed for multiple platforms. [59] Sonic Team USA took a different approach with Heroes from the Sonic Adventure games, focusing on gameplay more similar to the Genesis games to which even casual gamers could adapt. [60]

After SONICTEAM, Ltd. merged back into Sega in 2004, Sonic Team USA was renamed Sega Studios USA. [6] Its next project was Shadow the Hedgehog , released in 2005, [61] a spin-off starring Shadow. [62] Unlike previous games, Shadow the Hedgehog was targeted at older players and featured different gameplay styles, including the use of guns and different endings to the game. [63] Shadow the Hedgehog was critically panned for its mature themes and level design, [64] [65] but was a commercial success, selling at least 1.59 million units. [66] [67]

The final Sega Studios USA game was Nights: Journey of Dreams , the sequel to Nights into Dreams and the first Nights game since the cancellation of Air Nights in 2000. [68] [69] Iizuka felt it was important to retain the original game's concepts while developing new mechanics, and released it on the Wii, a more family-oriented console. [70] [71] Journey of Dreams was also designed to have a more European feel, in contrast to the Sonic games, which were more American. The sound and CGI were completed by Sonic Team in Japan, while Sega Studios USA handled the rest of the development for the 2007 release. [72] [73]

Sega Studios USA oversaw the development of Sonic Rivals (2006) and Sonic Rivals 2 (2007) by Backbone Entertainment. [74] In 2008, Sega Studios USA merged with Sonic Team, [56] making Iizuka the head of Sonic Team and a vice president of product development for Sega. [42] [43] In 2016, Iizuka relocated to Los Angeles to oversee development with the goal of making Sega's studios in Los Angeles "a centralized hub for the global brand". [56]

Games

Sonic Team has developed a number of video games, with many of them becoming bestsellers. [75] [76] The studio is best known for its Sonic the Hedgehog series of platform games, which account for the majority of Sonic Team's work; the 1991 release of Sonic the Hedgehog is considered one of the most important moments in video game history, as it propelled Genesis sales and displaced Nintendo as the leading video game company. [77] Sonic Team have also developed a wide variety of other games, including action games such as Nights into Dreams, Burning Rangers, and Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg, the online puzzle game ChuChu Rocket!, the online role-playing game Phantasy Star Online, and the music game Samba de Amigo. [6] Phantasy Star Online is credited for introducing online RPGs to consoles and was the first online RPG for many players. [78] [79] According to Sean Smith of Retro Gamer , few companies could claim to have released as many AAA games over such a long period, especially between 1991 and 2000. [6] Some Sonic Team games, such as the original Sonic games for the Genesis and Nights, are considered some of the best video games ever made. [80] [81] Iizuka has said Sonic Team would be open to developing a third Nights game or a sequel to Knuckles' Chaotix (1995), if Sega were to commission them. [82]

Sega and Sonic Team have been frequently criticized for their handling of Sonic the Hedgehog after the beginning of the 3D era of video games. Edwin Evans-Thirlwell of Eurogamer described the 3D Sonic games as "20-odd years of slowly accumulating bullshit", and that unlike Sonic's main competitor, Nintendo's Mario series, Sonic in 3D never had a "transcendental hit". [83] Zolani Stewart of Kotaku argued that Sonic's portrayal starting with Sonic Adventure with the addition of voice acting and a greater focus on plot and character narrative changed Sonic into "a flat, lifeless husk of a character, who spits out slogans and generally has only one personality mode, the radical attitude dude, the sad recycled image of vague '90s cultural concept." [84] Sega of America marketing director Al Nilsen and Sonic Mania developer Christian Whitehead said they felt the number of additional characters added to the series was problematic, with Whitehead describing the characters as "padding". [9] In 2015, Sega CEO Haruki Satomi acknowledged that Sega had "partially betrayed" the trust of the longtime fans of their games and hoped to focus on quality over quantity. [85]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Japanese: ソニックチーム, Hepburn: Sonikku chīmu

Related Research Articles

<i>Nights into Dreams</i> 1996 video game

Nights into Dreams is a 1996 action game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Saturn. The story follows the teenagers Elliot Edwards and Claris Sinclair, who enter Nightopia, a dream world where all dreams take place. With the help of Nights, an exiled "Nightmaren", they begin a journey to stop the evil ruler Wizeman from destroying Nightopia and consequently the real world. Players control Nights flying through Elliot and Claris's dreams to gather enough energy to defeat Wizeman and save Nightopia. The game is presented in 3D and imposes time limits on every level, in which the player must accumulate points to proceed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sonic the Hedgehog (character)</span> Video game character

Sonic the Hedgehog is a character created by the Japanese game developers Yuji Naka and Naoto Ohshima. He is the star of the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise and the mascot of the Japanese video game company Sega. Sonic is an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog who can run at supersonic speed. He races through levels, collecting rings and avoiding obstacles, as he seeks to defeat his archenemy, Doctor Eggman. He is accompanied by supporting characters, such as his best friend and sidekick Miles "Tails" Prower, self-proclaimed girlfriend Amy Rose, and friendly rival Knuckles the Echidna.

<i>Sonic Adventure</i> 1998 video game

Sonic Adventure is a 1998 platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. It was the first main Sonic the Hedgehog game to feature 3D gameplay. It follows Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles "Tails" Prower, Knuckles the Echidna, Amy Rose, Big the Cat, and E-102 Gamma in their quests to collect the Chaos Emeralds and stop Doctor Robotnik from unleashing Chaos, an ancient evil. Controlling one of the six characters—each with their own abilities—players complete levels to progress the story. Sonic Adventure retains many elements from prior Sonic games, such as power-ups and the ring-based health system. Players can play minigames such as racing and interact with Chao, a virtual pet.

<i>Sonic Heroes</i> 2003 platform game

Sonic Heroes is a 2003 platform game developed by Sonic Team USA and published by Sega as part of the Sonic the Hedgehog series. The player races a team of series characters through levels to amass rings, defeat robots, and collect the seven Chaos Emeralds needed to defeat Doctor Eggman. Within each level, the player switches between the team's three characters, who each have unique abilities, to overcome obstacles. Sonic Heroes downplays the action-adventure and exploration-based gameplay of its predecessors Sonic Adventure (1998) and Sonic Adventure 2 (2001) in favor of returning to the linear style of Sega Genesis-era Sonic games.

<i>Phantasy Star Online</i> 2000 video game

Phantasy Star Online is an online role-playing game (RPG) developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega in 2000 for the Dreamcast. It was the first successful online RPG for game consoles; players adventure with up to three others over the internet to complete quests, collect items and fight enemies in real-time action RPG combat. The story is unrelated to previous games in the Phantasy Star series.

<i>Sonic the Hedgehog</i> (1991 video game) 1991 video game

Sonic the Hedgehog is a 1991 platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Genesis/Mega Drive. It was released in North America on June 23 and in PAL regions and Japan the following month. Players control Sonic the Hedgehog, who can run at near supersonic speeds; Sonic sets out on a quest to defeat Dr. Robotnik, a scientist who has imprisoned animals in robots and seeks the powerful Chaos Emeralds. The gameplay involves collecting rings as a form of health, and a simple control scheme, with jumping and attacking controlled by a single button.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shadow the Hedgehog</span> Video game character

Shadow the Hedgehog is a character who appears in Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog franchise. He was created by Takashi Iizuka and Shiro Maekawa, designed by Kazuyuki Hoshino, and first appeared in Sonic Adventure 2 (2001).

<i>Sonic Adventure 2</i> 2001 video game

Sonic Adventure 2 is a 2001 platform game developed by Sonic Team USA and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. It features two good-vs-evil stories: Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles "Tails" Prower, and Knuckles the Echidna attempt to save the world, while Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman, and Rouge the Bat attempt to conquer it. The stories are divided into three gameplay styles: fast-paced platforming for Sonic and Shadow, multidirectional shooting for Tails and Eggman, and action-adventure exploration for Knuckles and Rouge. Like previous Sonic the Hedgehog games, the player completes levels while collecting rings and defeating enemies. Outside the main gameplay, they can interact with Chao, a virtual pet, and compete in multiplayer battles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuji Naka</span> Japanese video game developer

Yuji Naka, credited in some games as YU2, is a former Japanese video game programmer, designer and producer. He is the co-creator of the Sonic the Hedgehog series and was the president of Sonic Team at Sega until his departure in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naoto Ohshima</span> Japanese character designer and producer

Naoto Ohshima is a Japanese artist and video game designer, best known for designing Sonic the Hedgehog and Dr. Eggman from Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog franchise. Although Yuji Naka created the original tech demo around which Sonic's gameplay was based, the character in his prototype was a ball that lacked any specific features. Sonic Team considered numerous potential animal mascots before deciding on Ohshima's design, with an armadillo or hedgehog being the top choices because their spikes worked well with the concept of rolling into enemies.

<i>Sonic Jam</i> 1997 video game compilation

Sonic Jam is a video game compilation developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Saturn. It was released in Japan in June 1997 and in North America and Europe the following August. It contains the four main Sonic the Hedgehog games released on the Sega Genesis: Sonic the Hedgehog (1991), Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992), Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (1994) and Sonic & Knuckles (1994). It also features a 3D environment, "Sonic World", which doubles as an interactive museum of Sonic the Hedgehog content.

<i>Sonic X-treme</i> Canceled video game by Sega

Sonic X-treme was a platform game developed by Sega Technical Institute from 1994 until its cancellation in 1996. It was planned as the first fully 3D Sonic the Hedgehog game, taking Sonic into the 3D era of video games, and the first original Sonic game for the Sega Saturn. The storyline followed Sonic on his journey to stop Dr. Robotnik from stealing six magic rings from Tiara Boobowski and her father. X-treme featured open levels rotating around a fixed center of gravity and, like previous Sonic games, featured collectible rings and fast-paced gameplay.

<i>Shadow the Hedgehog</i> (video game) 2005 video game

Shadow the Hedgehog is a 2005 platform game developed by Sega Studios USA and published by Sega. It is a spin-off from the Sonic the Hedgehog series starring the character Shadow. It follows the amnesiac Shadow's attempts to learn about his past during an alien invasion. Gameplay is similar to previous Sonic games, featuring fast-paced platforming and ring collecting, but introduces third-person shooter and nonlinear elements. Shadow uses a variety of weapons to defeat enemies and complete missions that determine the plot and playable levels.

<i>Sonic the Hedgehog</i> Video game franchise

Sonic the Hedgehog is a video game series and media franchise created by the Japanese developers Yuji Naka, Naoto Ohshima, and Hirokazu Yasuhara for Sega. The franchise follows Sonic, an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog who battles the evil Doctor Eggman, a mad scientist. The main Sonic the Hedgehog games are platformers mostly developed by Sonic Team; other games, developed by various studios, include spin-offs in the racing, fighting, party and sports genres. The franchise also incorporates printed media, animations, feature films, and merchandise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sega Technical Institute</span> Video game developer

Sega Technical Institute (STI) was an American video game developer owned by Sega. Founded by the Atari veteran Mark Cerny in 1990, STI sought to combine elite Japanese developers, including the Sonic Team programmer Yuji Naka and his team, with new American talent. STI developed games for Sega Genesis, including several Sonic the Hedgehog games, before it was closed at the end of 1996.

<i>Sonic the Hedgehog 2</i> 1992 video game

Sonic the Hedgehog 2 is a 1992 platform game developed by Sega Technical Institute (STI) for the Sega Genesis. Players control Sonic as he attempts to stop Doctor Robotnik from stealing the Chaos Emeralds to power his space station. Like the first Sonic the Hedgehog (1991), players traverse side-scrolling levels at high speeds while collecting rings, defeating enemies, and fighting bosses. Sonic 2 introduces Sonic's sidekick Miles "Tails" Prower and features faster gameplay, larger levels, a multiplayer mode, and special stages featuring pre-rendered 3D graphics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Takashi Iizuka (game designer)</span> Japanese video game designer and developer

Takashi Iizuka is a Japanese video game director, producer, designer and screenwriter. Since 2008, Iizuka has been the vice president of product development for the Sonic the Hedgehog series at Sega, as well as the head of Sonic Team although he has been working on games in the Sonic series since 1994.

<i>Nights: Journey of Dreams</i> 2007 video game

Nights: Journey of Dreams is an action video game developed by Sega Studios USA and published by Sega for the Wii. The sequel to the 1996 Sega Saturn title Nights into Dreams, it was released in Japan and North America in December 2007, and in Australia and Europe the following month. The story follows two children, William Taylor and Helen Cartwright, who enter a dream world called Nightopia. When their nightmares come to life, they enlist the help of Nights, an exiled "Nightmaren", as they journey through Nightopia to stop the evil ruler Wizeman from escaping into the real world.

<i>Sonic Superstars</i> 2023 video game

Sonic Superstars is a 2023 platform game developed by Arzest and Sonic Team and published by Sega. It features side-scrolling gameplay similar to the Sonic the Hedgehog games released for the Sega Genesis in the 1990s. As one of four player characters—Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles "Tails" Prower, Knuckles the Echidna, and Amy Rose—the player completes side-scrolling levels as they set out to defeat Doctor Eggman and Fang the Hunter. Superstars introduces power-ups that the player can obtain by collecting the seven Chaos Emeralds and four-player local multiplayer.

References

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