Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)

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The biological systematics and taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification of invertebrates, as a way to classify animals without backbones. [1]

Contents

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya)

  • Phylum Euglenida  – Class of protozoans
  • Phylum Kinetoplastida  – Flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa
  • Alveolata phyla  – Clade of protists
  • Phylum Ciliophora  – Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
  • Phylum Apicomplexa  – Phylum of parasitic alveolates
  • Phylum Dinoflagellata  – Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
  • Phylum Stramenopila  – Clade of eukaryotes
  • Phylum Rhizopoda  – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Actinopoda  – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Granuloreticulosa  – Phylum of amoeboid protists
  • Phylum Diplomonadida  – Group of mostly parasitic flagellates
  • Phylum Parabasilida  – Group of flagellated protists
  • Phylum Cryptomonada  – Group of algae and colorless flagellates
  • Phylum Microspora  – Genus of green algae
  • Phylum Ascetospora  – A group of eukaryotes that are parasites of animals
  • Phylum Choanoflagellata  – Group of eukaryotes considered the closest living relatives of animals
  • Phylum Chlorophyta  – Phylum of green algae
  • Phylum Opalinida  – Small group of peculiar heterokonts, family Opalinidae, order Slopalinida
  • Incertae sedis: Genus Stephanopogon  – Genus of flagellate marine protozoan

Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)

Parazoa

Phylum Porifera

Mesozoa

Phylum Placozoa
Phylum Monoblastozoa
Phylum Rhombozoa
Phylum Orthonectida

Eumetazoa

Radiata
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Ctenophora
Bilateria

The authors divide the bilaterians in three informal groups:

  • acoelomates (phyla Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora)
  • blastocoelomate (or pseducoelomate, phyla Rotifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Loricifera)
  • coelomates (or eucoelomates, phyla Nemertea, Priapula, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata).

Several groups traditionally viewed as having a blastocoelomate condition are viewed here as acoelomates (e.g., Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida).

Some of the coelomates groups (e.g., Arthropoda, Mollusca) have greatly reduced celomic spaces; often the main body cavity is a bloodfilled space called a hemocoel, and is associated with an open circulatory system.

The Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta and Phoronida are viewed as lophophorates.

In a phylogeny, [3] the bilaterians are divided in:

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Nemertea
Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Gastrotricha
Phylum Kinorhyncha
Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)
Phylum Nematomorpha
Phylum Priapula
Phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)
Phylum Gnathostomulida
Phylum Loricifera
Phylum Cycliophora
Phylum Annelida
  • Class Polychaeta, with 25 orders and 87 families (not all are listed)
  • Order Haplotaxida, with 25 families (not all are listed)
Phylum Sipuncula
Phylum Echiura
Phylum Onychophora
Phylum Tardigrada
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Phoronida
Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)
Phylum Brachiopoda
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Chaetognatha
Phylum Hemichordata
Phylum Chordata

See also

References

  1. ↑ Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN   978-0-87893-097-5.
  2. ↑ Brusca, R. C.; Brusca, G. J. (2005). Invertebrados (2nd ed.). Madrid: McGraw-Hill-Interamericana. ISBN   978-0-87893-097-5.
  3. ↑ Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003), p. 875.
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