Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina

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Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Anadenanthera
Species:
Variety:
A. p. var. peregrina
Trinomial name
Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina

Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina is a tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia [2] and it is also found in the Caribbean. [1]

Contents

Entheogen

In South America, Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina is used to make nopolyopo, a shamanic snuff. [3]

Chemical components

Bufotenine is in the seeds. [3]

This variety appears to be much higher in N,N-DMT than other types of Anadenanthera.[ citation needed ]

This strain is best for entheogenic use.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethyltryptamine Chemical compound

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including humans, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine. DMT is used as a psychedelic drug and prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen.

<i>Anadenanthera peregrina</i> Species of plant

Anadenanthera peregrina, also known as yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica or calcium tree, is a perennial tree of the genus Anadenanthera native to the Caribbean and South America. It grows up to 20 m (66 ft) tall, and has a thorny bark. Its flowers grow in small, pale yellow to white spherical clusters resembling Acacia inflorescences. It is an entheogen which has been used in healing ceremonies and rituals for thousands of years in northern South America and the Caribbean. Although the seeds of the yopo tree were originally gathered from the wild, increased competition between tribes over access to the seeds led to it being intentionally cultivated and transported elsewhere, expanding the plant's distribution through introduction to areas beyond its native range.

<i>Moringa</i> (genus) Genus of flowering plants

Moringa is the sole genus in the plant family Moringaceae. It contains 13 species, which occur in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia and that range in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. Moringa species grow quickly in many types of environments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cohoba</span> Taíno term for a ceremony in which the ground seeds of the cojóbana tree were inhaled

Cohoba is a Taíno transliteration for a ceremony in which the ground seeds of the cojóbana tree were inhaled, the Y-shaped nasal snuff tube used to inhale the substance, and the psychoactive drug that was inhaled. Use of this substance produced a hallucinogenic, entheogenic, or psychedelic effect. The cojóbana tree is believed by some to be Anadenanthera peregrina although it may have been a generalized term for psychotropics, including the quite toxic Datura and related genera (Solanaceae). The corresponding ceremony using cohoba-laced tobacco is transliterated as cojibá. This was said to have produced the sense of a visionary journey of the kind associated with the practice of shamanism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bufotenin</span> Psychedelic drug found in toads, mushrooms and plants

Bufotenin is a tryptamine derivative, more specifically, a DMT analog, related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is an alkaloid found in some species of mushrooms, plants and toads, especially the skin.

<i>Anadenanthera</i> Genus of plants

Anadenanthera is a genus of South American trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two species, A. colubrina and A. peregrina. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic snuffs vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba.

<i>Anadenanthera colubrina</i> Species of plant

Anadenanthera colubrina is a South American tree closely related to yopo, or Anadenanthera peregrina. It grows to 5–20 m (16–66 ft) tall and the trunk is very thorny. The leaves are mimosa-like, up to 30 cm (12 in) in length and they fold up at night. In Argentina, A. colubrina produces flowers from September to December and bean pods from September to July. In Brazil A. colubrina has been given "high priority" conservation status.

<i>Anadenanthera peregrina <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> falcata</i> Variety of legume

Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata is a timber tree native to Paraguay and Cerrado vegetation in Brazil, specially in Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo. This plant is also used as an ornamental.

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is a mimosa-like timber tree native to Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. It has also been introduced to Mauritius. It grows up to 25 m (82 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of 60–90 cm (24–35 in). The tree's mimosa-like leaves range in length from about 7–20 cm (2.8–7.9 in). The flowers are cream-colored and arrive in the spring. The seed pods are fairly straight and contain about 8 to 15 seeds each. The seeds are flat, average each about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in diameter and have an average mass of about 0.125 g (0.0044 oz) each. The tree's wood has a density of about 840 kg/m3 (1,420 lb/cu yd).

Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina is a tree native to Argentina and Brazil. Common names for it include Angico, Angico-brabo-liso, Angico-cambui, Angico-coco, Angico-escuro, Angico-liso, Angico-vermelho, Aperta-ruao and Cambui-angico.

<i>Paeonia officinalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Paeonia officinalis, the common peony, or garden peony, is a species of flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae, native to mainly mountainous areas of Southern Europe and introduced in Central and Western Europe and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orientin</span> Chemical compound

Orientin is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the 8-C glucoside of luteolin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leucoanthocyanidin</span> Chemical compound

Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in Anadenanthera peregrina and in several species of Nepenthes including N. burbidgeae, N. muluensis, N. rajah, N. tentaculata, and N. × alisaputrana.

<i>Rubia peregrina</i> Species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae

Rubia peregrina, the common wild madder, is a herbaceous perennial plant species belonging to the bedstraw and coffee family Rubiaceae.

<i>Lespedeza bicolor</i> Species of legume

Lespedeza bicolor is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names shrubby bushclover, shrub lespedeza, and bicolor lespedeza. It is native to eastern Asia, ranging from southeastern Siberia to eastern China, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan. and it is widely grown as an ornamental plant. In some regions, such as the southeastern United States, it grows in the wild as an introduced and invasive species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vilcabamba mountain range</span> Mountain range in Peru

The Vilcabambamountain range is located in the region of Cusco, Peru, in the provinces of Anta, La Convención and Urubamba. It extends between 13°10' and 13°27'S. and 72°30' and 73°15'W for about 85 km. Its highest peak is Salcantay, which is 6,271 m (20,574 ft) above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilcahuaín</span> Archaeological site in Peru

Wilcahuaín, Willcahuaín, or Huilcahuaín is an archaeological site in Peru. It is located near the village of Paria, 7 km northwest of the city of Huaraz, Ancash; at an elevation of 3,400 m (11,200 ft).

Tinyaq or Quri Willka is an archaeological site in Peru with storehouses of the Inca period on a mountain named Tinyaq. It is located in the Ayacucho Region, Huanta Province, Iguain District.

<i>O</i>-Acetylbufotenine Chemical compound

O-Acetylbufotenine is a tryptamine derivative which produces psychedelic-appropriate responding in animal studies. It is an acylated derivative of bufotenine with higher lipophilicity that allows it to cross the blood–brain barrier; once inside the brain, it is metabolised to bufotenine. It also acts directly as an agonist at 5-HT1A and 5-HT1D receptors.

References

  1. 1 2 "Catalogue of Life : 2007 Annual Checklist : Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina (L.)Speg". www.catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  2. "Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  3. 1 2 Ott, J (2001). "Pharmañopo-psychonautics: human intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary and oral pharmacology of bufotenine". J Psychoactive Drugs. 33 (3): 273–81. doi:10.1080/02791072.2001.10400574. PMID   11718320.