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Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD, is a potent psychedelic drug that intensifies thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. Often referred to as acid or lucy, LSD can cause mystical, spiritual, or religious experiences. At higher doses, it primarily induces visual and auditory hallucinations. LSD is not considered addictive, because it does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Using LSD can lead to adverse psychological reactions, such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions. Additionally, it may trigger "flashbacks," also known as hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), where individuals experience persistent visual distortions after use.
Psychedelic therapy refers to the proposed use of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, ayahuasca, LSD, psilocin, mescaline (peyote), DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, Ibogaine, MDMA, to treat mental disorders. As of 2021, psychedelic drugs are controlled substances in most countries and psychedelic therapy is not legally available outside clinical trials, with some exceptions.
Ampakines or AMPAkines are a subgroup of AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators with a benzamide or closely related chemical structure. They are also known as "CX compounds". Ampakines take their name from the AMPA receptor (AMPAR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor with which the ampakines interact and act as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of. Although all ampakines are AMPAR PAMs, not all AMPAR PAMs are ampakines.
Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics, psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of "how" and "why", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments. Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.
The substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines represent a diverse chemical class of compounds derived from phenethylamines. This category encompasses numerous psychoactive substances with entactogenic, psychedelic, and/or stimulant properties, in addition to entheogens. These compounds find application as research chemicals, designer drugs, and recreational substances.
Ariadne, also known chemically as 4C-D or 4C-DOM, by its developmental code name BL-3912, and by its former tentative brand name Dimoxamine, is a little-known psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and phenylisobutylamine families. It is a homologue of the psychedelics 2C-D and DOM.
2-Bromo-LSD, also known as BOL-148 or as bromolysergide, is a derivative of lysergic acid invented by Albert Hofmann, as part of the original research from which the closely related compound LSD was also derived. It is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist, as well as acting at other targets, with psychoplastogenic and antidepressant-like effects in animals.
ALTO-100, previously known as NSI-189, is a drug described as a hippocampal neurogenesis stimulant and indirect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulator which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has also been interest in ALTO-100 for possible treatment of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. It is taken by mouth.
ITI-1549 is a putatively non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist which is under development for the treatment of mood disorders and other psychiatric disorders. In addition to acting at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, it is also an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor and an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. The drug's route of administration has not been specified.
CYB003, or CYB-003, also known as deuterated psilocybin analogue, is a serotonergic psychedelic related to psilocybin which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder, alcoholism, and other psychiatric disorders. It is taken by mouth.
CYB004, or CYB-004, also known as deuterated dimethyltryptamine (dDMT), is a serotonergic psychedelic related to dimethyltryptamine (DMT) which is under development for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. It is administered by inhalation or intravenous injection.
MYCO-005 is a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen which is under development for the treatment of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders.
CYB005, or CYB-005, also known as deuterated phenethylamine derivative, is a serotonin receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic which is under development for use at non-hallucinogenic doses in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and neuroinflammation.
Tactogen is a public benefit corporation and start-up pharmaceutical company based in Palo Alto, California that is developing novel MDMA-like entactogens and psychedelics as medicines. Its stated goal is to develop new MDMA-like drugs with improved effectiveness, tolerability, and safety, as well as gentleness and accessibility, for treatment of psychiatric disorders and other conditions. Tactogen was co-founded by neuroscientist Matthew J. Baggott and Luke Pustejovsky in 2020. Baggott is the chief executive officer (CEO) while Pustejovsky is the chief operating officer (COO).
Compass Pathways, or COMPASS Pathways, is a British pharmaceutical company developing psychedelics as potential medicines. Its main drug candidate, psilocybin (COMP360), is currently in phase 3 clinical trials for treatment-resistant depression. This candidate has received breakthrough therapy status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is the most advanced psychedelic drug candidate in development besides Lykos Therapeutics's midomafetamine (MDMA).
MYCO-002 is an MDMA-like entactogen that is under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. It is said to be being developed towards the aim of improving the safety profile of MDMA. The drug is under development by Mydecine. It was patented in July 2021 and received breakthrough therapy designation from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2021. As of November 2021, MYCO-002 is in the preclinical research for treatment of psychiatric disorders. The chemical structure of MYCO-002 does not yet appear to have been disclosed.
Mydecine Innovations Group, or simply Mydecine, is an American and Canadian pharmaceutical company that is developing psychedelics and entactogens as medicines.
MYCO-006 is an MDMA-like entactogen that is under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. It is a short-acting and fast-onset MDMA analogue. Based on animal studies, it is predicted that MYCO-006 will have a duration of 1 to 2 hours, about one-third the 6- to 8-hour duration of MDMA, and to onset 4 times as fast as MDMA. MYCO-006 is being developed by Mydecine. As of February 2024, it is in preclinical research. The chemical structure of MYCO-006 does not yet appear to have been disclosed. However, MYCO-006 is said to be a benzodioxole like MDMA. 5-BZT-MDMA (MY100) and 6-BZT-MDMA (MY101) were described in Mydecine's patent for short-acting MDMA analogues.
MYCO-007 is an MDMA-like entactogen that is under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. It is a short-acting MDMA analogue. MYCO-007 is being developed by Mydecine. As of February 2024, it is in preclinical research. The chemical structure of MYCO-007 does not yet appear to have been disclosed. 5-BZT-MDMA (MY100) and 6-BZT-MDMA (MY101) were described in Mydecine's patent for short-acting MDMA analogues
References
- 1 2 Psychedelic Alpha (10 January 2022). "Mydecine Achieves Innovative Supercomputing Artificial Intelligence Modeling in Psychedelic Drug Development Enabling Quick Screening of Billions of Compounds". Psychedelic Alpha. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
This 5-HT2A receptor model is just the beginning of Mydecine's planned modeling in production that will continue to enhance their AI-driven drug discovery program. The Company's AI program has already led to identifying promising enhancements to psilocybin and psilocin which they have included in their recent patent application around MYCO-004, which directly addresses further precision in delivery control and shelf stabilization through a dermal route of administration. To learn more about the benefits of this second-generation psychedelic compound, read the Company's recent press release here.
- 1 2 3 4 "MYCO 004". AdisInsight. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- 1 2 3 "Delving into the Latest Updates on MYCO-004 with Synapse". Synapse. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ Psychedelic Alpha (24 June 2021). "Mydecine Selects Substance Use Disorder and Smoking Cessation for Novel Psychedelic Molecule MYCO-004". Psychedelic Alpha. Retrieved 29 January 2025.