5-HT1E receptor

Last updated
HTR1E
Identifiers
Aliases HTR1E , 5-HT1E, 5-HT1E receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E
External IDs OMIM: 182132 HomoloGene: 55491 GeneCards: HTR1E
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000865

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000856

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 86.94 – 87.02 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 1E receptor (5-HT1E) is a highly expressed human G-protein coupled receptor [3] that belongs to the 5-HT1 receptor family (Gi-coupled serotonin receptor). [4] [5] The human gene is denoted as HTR1E. [6]

Contents

Function

The function of the 5-HT1E receptor is unknown due to the lack of selective pharmacological tools, specific antibodies, and permissive animal models. [7] The 5-HT1E receptor gene lacks polymorphisms amongst humans (few mutations), indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation of genetic sequence, which suggests that the 5-HT1E receptor has an important physiological role in humans. [8] It is hypothesized that the 5-HT1E receptor is involved in the regulation of memory in humans due to the high abundance of receptors in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb, all of which are regions of the brain integral to memory regulation. [9]

This receptor is unique among the serotonin receptors in that it is not known to be expressed by rats or mouse species, all of which lack the gene encoding the 5-HT1E receptor. However the genomes of the pig, rhesus monkey, and several lagomorphs (including rabbit) as well as the guinea pig each encode a homologous 5-HT1E receptor gene. [9] The guinea pig is the most likely candidate for future study of 5-HT1E receptor function in vivo. The expression of 5-HT1E receptors in the guinea pig brain has been pharmacologically confirmed; 5-HT1E receptor expression patterns of the human and guinea pig brains appear to be similar. [7] In the human cortex, the expression of 5-HT1E undergoes a marked transition during adolescence, in a way that is strongly correlated with the expression of 5-HT1B. [10]

The most closely related receptor to the 5-HT1E is the 5-HT1F receptor. They share 57% amino acid sequence homology and have some pharmacological characteristics in common. [11] Both receptors are Gi-coupled (inhibit adenylate cyclase activity) and both receptors have high affinities for 5-HT and low affinities for 5-carboxyamidotryptaine and mesulergine. [12] However, due to major differences in brain expression patterns, these receptors are unlikely to mediate similar functions in humans. For example, 5-HT1E receptors are abundant in the hippocampus but are not detectable in the striatum (caudate and putamen of the human brain), while the opposite is true for the 5-HT1F receptor. Thus, conclusions about the function of the 5-HT1E receptor cannot be ascribed to the function of the 5-HT1F receptor, and vice versa. [7]

Selective ligands

No highly selective 5-HT1E ligands are available yet. [3H]5-HT remains the only radioligand available with high affinity for the 5-HT1E receptor (5nM).

Agonists

Antagonists

None as yet.

See also

Related Research Articles

5-HT receptor

5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand.

Pindolol

Pindolol, sold under the brand name Visken among others, is a nonselective beta blocker which is used in the treatment of hypertension. It is also an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, preferentially blocking inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors, and has been researched as an add-on therapy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of depression.

5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor Subtype of serotonin receptor

The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The 5-HT2A receptor is a cell surface receptor. 5-HT is short for 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, which is serotonin. This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPCRs for serotonin, although 5-HT2A may also have an inhibitory effect on certain areas such as the visual cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. This receptor was first noted for its importance as a target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. Later it came back to prominence because it was also found to be mediating, at least partly, the action of many antipsychotic drugs, especially the atypical ones.

The 5-HT3 receptor belongs to the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and therefore differs structurally and functionally from all other 5-HT receptors (5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin) receptors which are G protein-coupled receptors. This ion channel is cation-selective and mediates neuronal depolarization and excitation within the central and peripheral nervous systems.

5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor Serotonin receptor protein distributed mainly in the choroid plexus

The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is coupled to Gq/G11 and mediates excitatory neurotransmission. HTR2C denotes the human gene encoding for the receptor, that in humans is located at the X chromosome. As males have one copy of the gene and in females one of the two copies of the gene is repressed, polymorphisms at this receptor can affect the two sexes to differing extent.

HTR3A

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3A gene.

5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR4 gene.

5-HT<sub>1B</sub> receptor

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B also known as the 5-HT1B receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR1B gene. The 5-HT1B receptor is a 5-HT receptor subtype.

5-HT<sub>1D</sub> receptor Serotonin receptor which affects locomotion and anxiety in humans

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D, also known as HTR1D, is a 5-HT receptor, but also denotes the human gene encoding it. 5-HT1D acts on the central nervous system, and affects locomotion and anxiety. It also induces vascular vasoconstriction in the brain.

5-HT<sub>1F</sub> receptor Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1F, also known as HTR1F is a 5-HT1 receptor protein and also denotes the human gene encoding it.

5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2B) also known as serotonin receptor 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR2B gene. 5-HT2B is a member of the 5-HT2 receptor family that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).

5-HT<sub>5A</sub> receptor

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, also known as HTR5A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR5A gene. Agonists and antagonists for 5-HT receptors, as well as serotonin uptake inhibitors, present promnesic (memory-promoting) and/or anti-amnesic effects under different conditions, and 5-HT receptors are also associated with neural changes.

5-HT<sub>6</sub> receptor Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The 5HT6 receptor is a subtype of 5HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT). It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is coupled to Gs and mediates excitatory neurotransmission. HTR6 denotes the human gene encoding for the receptor.

5-HT<sub>7</sub> receptor

The 5-HT7 receptor is a member of the GPCR superfamily of cell surface receptors and is activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) The 5-HT7 receptor is coupled to Gs (stimulates the production of the intracellular signaling molecule cAMP) and is expressed in a variety of human tissues, particularly in the brain, the gastrointestinal tract, and in various blood vessels. This receptor has been a drug development target for the treatment of several clinical disorders. The 5-HT7 receptor is encoded by the HTR7 gene, which in humans is transcribed into 3 different splice variants.

HTR3B

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3B, also known as HTR3B, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor.

HTR3C

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3C gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor.

HTR3D

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3D gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor.

HTR3E

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3E gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor.

5-Carboxamidotryptamine

5-Carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) is a tryptamine derivative closely related to the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Naphthylpiperazine

1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine (1-NP) is a drug which is a phenylpiperazine derivative. It acts as a non-selective, mixed serotonergic agent, exerting partial agonism at the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F receptors, while antagonizing the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. It has also been shown to possess high affinity for the 5-HT3, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors, and may bind to 5-HT4 and the SERT as well. In animals it produces effects including hyperphagia, hyperactivity, and anxiolysis, of which are all likely mediated predominantly or fully by blockade of the 5-HT2C receptor.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168830 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. Leonhardt S, Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M (Aug 1989). "Detection of a novel serotonin receptor subtype (5-HT1E) in human brain: interaction with a GTP-binding protein". Journal of Neurochemistry. 53 (2): 465–71. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07357.x. PMID   2664084. S2CID   43594695.
  4. McAllister G, Charlesworth A, Snodin C, Beer MS, Noble AJ, Middlemiss DN, Iversen LL, Whiting P (Jun 1992). "Molecular cloning of a serotonin receptor from human brain (5HT1E): a fifth 5HT1-like subtype". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (12): 5517–21. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.5517M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5517 . PMC   49323 . PMID   1608964.
  5. Levy FO, Holtgreve-Grez H, Taskén K, Solberg R, Ried T, Gudermann T (Aug 1994). "Assignment of the gene encoding the 5-HT1E serotonin receptor (S31) (locus HTR1E) to human chromosome 6q14-q15". Genomics. 22 (3): 637–40. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1439. PMID   8001977.
  6. "Entrez Gene: HTR1E 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1E".
  7. 1 2 3 Klein MT, Teitler M (Apr 2009). "Guinea pig hippocampal 5-HT(1E) receptors: a tool for selective drug development". Journal of Neurochemistry. 109 (1): 268–74. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05958.x. PMC   2827198 . PMID   19200348.
  8. Shimron-Abarbanell D, Nöthen MM, Erdmann J, Propping P (Apr 1995). "Lack of genetically determined structural variants of the human serotonin-1E (5-HT1E) receptor protein points to its evolutionary conservation". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 29 (2): 387–90. doi:10.1016/0169-328X(95)00003-B. PMID   7609628.
  9. 1 2 Bai F, Yin T, Johnstone EM, Su C, Varga G, Little SP, Nelson DL (Jan 2004). "Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of the guinea pig 5-HT1E receptor". European Journal of Pharmacology. 484 (2–3): 127–39. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.019. PMID   14744596.
  10. Shoval G, Bar-Shira O, Zalsman G, John Mann J, Chechik G (Jul 2014). "Transitions in the transcriptome of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the human brain during adolescence". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 24 (7): 1123–32. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.009. PMID   24721318. S2CID   14534307.
  11. Barnes NM, Sharp T (Aug 1999). "A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function". Neuropharmacology. 38 (8): 1083–152. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00010-6. PMID   10462127. S2CID   5930124.
  12. Adham N, Kao HT, Schecter LE, Bard J, Olsen M, Urquhart D, Durkin M, Hartig PR, Weinshank RL, Branchek TA (Jan 1993). "Cloning of another human serotonin receptor (5-HT1F): a fifth 5-HT1 receptor subtype coupled to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (2): 408–12. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90..408A. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.2.408 . PMC   45671 . PMID   8380639.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.