EGF module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor

Last updated
egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 1
Identifiers
SymbolEMR1
Alt. symbolsTM7LN3
IUPHAR 182
NCBI gene 2015
HGNC 3336
OMIM 600493
RefSeq NM_001974
UniProt Q14246
Other data
Locus Chr. 19 p13.3
Search for
Structures Swiss-model
Domains InterPro
egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 2
Identifiers
SymbolEMR2
IUPHAR 183
NCBI gene 30817
HGNC 3337
OMIM 606100
RefSeq NM_152916
UniProt Q9UHX3
Other data
Locus Chr. 19 p13.1
Search for
Structures Swiss-model
Domains InterPro
egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 3
Identifiers
SymbolEMR3
IUPHAR 184
NCBI gene 84658
HGNC 23647
OMIM 606101
RefSeq NM_032571
UniProt Q9BY15
Other data
Locus Chr. 19 p13.1
Search for
Structures Swiss-model
Domains InterPro
egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 4 pseudogene
Identifiers
SymbolEMR4P
Alt. symbolsGPR127
NCBI gene 326342
HGNC 19240
RefSeq XM_940358
UniProt Q86SQ3
Other data
Locus Chr. 19 p13.3
Search for
Structures Swiss-model
Domains InterPro

The EGF module-containing Mucin-like hormone Receptors (EMRs) are closely related subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors have a unique hybrid structure in which an extracellular epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain is fused to a GPCR domain through a mucin-like stalk. [1] [2] [3] [4] There are four variants of EMR labeled 1–4, each encoded by a separate gene. These receptors are predominantly expressed in cells of the immune system and bind ligands such as CD55. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epidermal growth factor</span> Protein that stimulates cell division and differentiation

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. Human EGF is 6-kDa and has 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TGF alpha</span> Protein

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFA gene. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, TGF-α is a mitogenic polypeptide. The protein becomes activated when binding to receptors capable of protein kinase activity for cellular signaling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMR1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 also known as F4/80 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene. EMR1 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMR2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 also known as CD312 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE2 gene. EMR2 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMR3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 3 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE3 gene. EMR3 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

The Super Conserved Receptor Expressed in Brain (SREB) family are a group of related G-protein coupled receptors. Since no endogenous ligands have yet been identified for these receptors, they are classified as orphan receptors. Receptors within the group include SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173).

The relaxin receptors are a subclass of four closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that bind relaxin peptide hormones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD97</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Cluster of differentiation 97 is a protein also known as BL-Ac[F2] encoded by the ADGRE5 gene. CD97 is a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR64</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

G protein-coupled receptor 64 also known as HE6 is a protein encoded by the ADGRG2 gene. GPR64 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR126</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

G protein-coupled receptor 126 also known as VIGR and DREG is a protein encoded by the ADGRG6 gene. GPR126 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR128</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

G protein-coupled receptor 128 is a protein encoded by the ADGRG7 gene. GPR128 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR112</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

G protein-coupled receptor 112 is a protein encoded by the ADGRG4 gene. GPR112 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR114</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

G protein-coupled receptor 114 is a protein encoded by the ADGRG5 gene. GPR114 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR97</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

G-protein coupled receptor 97 also known as adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3 (ADGRG3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADGRG3 gene. GPR97 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.

Secretin receptor family consists of secretin receptors regulated by peptide hormones from the glucagon hormone family. The family is different from adhesion G protein-coupled receptors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OR5P3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Olfactory receptor 5P3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5P3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OR2AJ1</span>

Olfactory receptor 2AJ1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2AJ1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cell surface receptor</span> Class of ligand activated receptors localized in surface of plama cell membrane

Cell surface receptors are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. They act in cell signaling by receiving extracellular molecules. They are specialized integral membrane proteins that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space. The extracellular molecules may be hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, or nutrients; they react with the receptor to induce changes in the metabolism and activity of a cell. In the process of signal transduction, ligand binding affects a cascading chemical change through the cell membrane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor</span> Class of 33 human protein receptors

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors are a class of 33 human protein receptors with a broad distribution in embryonic and larval cells, cells of the reproductive tract, neurons, leukocytes, and a variety of tumours. Adhesion GPCRs are found throughout metazoans and are also found in single-celled colony forming choanoflagellates such as Monosiga brevicollis and unicellular organisms such as Filasterea. The defining feature of adhesion GPCRs that distinguishes them from other GPCRs is their hybrid molecular structure. The extracellular region of adhesion GPCRs can be exceptionally long and contain a variety of structural domains that are known for the ability to facilitate cell and matrix interactions. Their extracellular region contains the membrane proximal GAIN domain. Crystallographic and experimental data has shown this structurally conserved domain to mediate autocatalytic processing at a GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) proximal to the first transmembrane helix. Autocatalytic processing gives rise to an extracellular (α) and a membrane-spanning (β) subunit, which are associated non-covalently, resulting in expression of a heterodimeric receptor at the cell surface. Ligand profiles and in vitro studies have indicated a role for adhesion GPCRs in cell adhesion and migration. Work utilizing genetic models confined this concept by demonstrating that the primary function of adhesion GPCRs may relate to the proper positioning of cells in a variety of organ systems. Moreover, growing evidence implies a role of adhesion GPCRs in tumour cell metastasis. Formal G protein-coupled signalling has been demonstrated for a number for adhesion GPCRs, however, the orphan receptor status of many of the receptors still hampers full characterisation of potential signal transduction pathways. In 2011, the adhesion GPCR consortium was established to facilitate research of the physiological and pathological functions of adhesion GPCRs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GAIN domain</span> Protein domain

The GAIN domain is a protein domain found in a number of cell surface receptors, including adhesion-GPCRs and polycystic kidney disease proteins PKD1 and PKD2. The domain is involved in the self-cleavage of these transmembrane receptors, and has been shown to be crucial for their function. Point mutations within the GAIN domain of PKD1 and GPR56 are known to cause polycystic kidney disease and polymicrogyria, respectively.

References

  1. Baud V, Chissoe SL, Viegas-Péquignot E, Diriong S, N'Guyen VC, Roe BA, Lipinski M (1995). "EMR1, an unusual member in the family of hormone receptors with seven transmembrane segments". Genomics. 26 (2): 334–44. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80218-B. PMID   7601460.
  2. Lin HH, Stacey M, Hamann J, Gordon S, McKnight AJ (2000). "Human EMR2, a novel EGF-TM7 molecule on chromosome 19p13.1, is closely related to CD97". Genomics. 67 (2): 188–200. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6238. PMID   10903844.
  3. Stacey M, Lin HH, Hilyard KL, Gordon S, McKnight AJ (2001). "Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor 3 is a new member of the EGF-TM7 family that recognizes a ligand on human macrophages and activated neutrophils". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 18863–70. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M101147200 . PMID   11279179.
  4. Caminschi I, Vandenabeele S, Sofi M, McKnight AJ, Ward N, Brodnicki TC, Toy T, Lahoud M, Maraskovsky E, Shortman K, Wright MD (2006). "Gene structure and transcript analysis of the human and mouse EGF-TM7 molecule, FIRE". DNA Seq. 17 (1): 8–14. doi:10.1080/10425170500355737. PMID   16753812. S2CID   11216477.
  5. Kwakkenbos MJ, Kop EN, Stacey M, Matmati M, Gordon S, Lin HH, Hamann J (2004). "The EGF-TM7 family: a postgenomic view". Immunogenetics. 55 (10): 655–66. doi:10.1007/s00251-003-0625-2. PMID   14647991. S2CID   28689160.