TAS2R1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | TAS2R1 , T2R1, TRB7, taste 2 receptor member 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 604796 MGI: 2681253 HomoloGene: 10480 GeneCards: TAS2R1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Taste receptor type 2 member 1 (TAS2R1/T2R1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R1 gene. [5] [6] [7] It belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is related to class A-like GPCRs, they contain 7 transmembrane helix bundles and short N-terminus loop. [8] Furthermore, TAS2R1 is member of the 25 known human bitter taste receptors, which enable the perception of bitter taste in the mouth cavity. Increasing evidence indicates a functional role of TAS2Rs in extra-oral tissues. [9]
Bitter taste receptors are expressed in taste receptor cells, which organized into taste buds on the papillae of the tongue and palate epithelium.
In addition, TAS2Rs were found to be expressed in extra-oral tissues, e.g. brain, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, etc. [9] So far, less is known about their function however, for example it was shown that:
Based on a recent homology model from BitterDB [14] [15] several conserved motifs, which are counterparts to Class A GPCRs [8] were found:
Numbering is according to the Balleros-Weinstein [16] system.
Unlike in Class A GPCRs, in transmembrane helix 4 no DRY [17] motif was found as well as position 6.50 is not conserved.
This gene encodes a member of a family of candidate taste receptors that are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and that are specifically expressed by taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. This intronless taste receptor gene encodes a 7-transmembrane receptor protein, functioning as a bitter taste receptor.
So far, AML1a, AP-1, AREB6, FOXL1, IRF-7A, Lmo2, NF-E2, NF-E2 p45 were found as the top transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the TAS2R1 gene promoter.
Several mutations have been shown to influence binding of a ligand to TAS2R1 (based on BitterDB):
Receptor region | BW number | Residue | Reference |
TM1 | 1.5 | N24 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM1 | 1.53 | I27 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM2 | 2.5 | R55 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM2 | 2.56 | F61 | doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM2 | 2.61 | N66 | doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00063 doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
ECL1 | E74 | doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00063 | |
TM3 | 3.32 | L85 | doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.3109/10799893.2011.578141 |
TM3 | 3.33 | L86 | doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.3109/10799893.2011.578141 |
TM3 | 3.36 | N89 | doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 doi: doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM3 | 3.37 | E90 | doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.3109/10799893.2011.578141 |
TM3 | 3.41 | W94 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM3 | 3.46 | L99 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM5 | 5.46 | E182 | doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.3109/10799893.2011.578141 |
TM5 | 5.61 | L197 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM5 | 5.64 | S200 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM5 | 5.65 | L201 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM7 | 7.39 | I263 | doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.005 doi: 10.3109/10799893.2011.578141 |
TM7 | 7.49 | H273 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM7 | 7.53 | L277 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
TM7 | 7.54 | I278 | doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00472 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.246983 |
Up to now, 39 ligands for T2R1 were identified in BitterDB, among them L-amino acids, peptides, humulones, small molecules etc. [18]
TAS2R16 is a bitter taste receptor and one of the 25 TAS2Rs. TAS2Rs are receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. These receptors detect various bitter substances found in nature as agonists, and get stimulated. TAS2R16 receptor is mainly expressed within taste buds present on the surface of the tongue and palate epithelium. TAS2R16 is activated by bitter β-glucopyranosides
Taste receptor type 2 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R3 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R4 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R8 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R9 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R10 gene. The protein is responsible for bitter taste recognition in mammals. It serves as a defense mechanism to prevent consumption of toxic substances which often have a characteristic bitter taste.
Taste receptor type 2 member 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R13 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R14 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R5 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R7 gene.
Taste receptor type 1 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R1 gene.
T1R2 - Taste receptor type 1 member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R2 gene.
Taste receptor type 1 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R3 gene. The TAS1R3 gene encodes the human homolog of mouse Sac taste receptor, a major determinant of differences between sweet-sensitive and -insensitive mouse strains in their responsiveness to sucrose, saccharin, and other sweeteners.
Taste receptor type 2 member 40 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R40 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 41 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R41 gene.
Taste receptors for bitter substances (T2Rs/TAS2Rs) belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors and are related to class A-like GPCRs. There are 25 known T2Rs in humans responsible for bitter taste perception.
Taste receptor type 2 member 30 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R30 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R19 gene. It seems to be involved in the perception of salt and bitter tastes.
Taste receptor type 2 member 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R50 gene.
Taste receptor type 2 member 60 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R60 gene.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.