GPCR neuropeptide receptor

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GPCR neuropeptide receptors are G-protein coupled receptors which bind various neuropeptides. Members include:

Related Research Articles

Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are involved in the control of a diverse set of behavioral processes including appetite, circadian rhythm, and anxiety.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide S receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which binds neuropeptide S (NPS). It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a plasma membrane protein. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with this disease.

The neuropeptide B/W receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the neuropeptides B and W. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the CNS and have a number of functions including regulation of the secretion of cortisol.

The neuropeptide FF receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the pain modulatory neuropeptides AF and FF. The Neuropeptide FF receptor family is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily containing two subtypes, NPFF1 and NPFF2, which exhibit a high affinity for Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) peptides. NPFF1 is broadly distributed in the central nervous system with the highest levels found in the limbic system and the hypothalamus. NPFF2 is present in high density, particularly in mammals in the superficial layers of the spinal cord where it is involved in nociception and modulation of opioid functions. These receptors participate to the modulation of opioid receptor function in the brain and spinal cord, and can either reduce or increase opioid receptor function depending which tissue they are released in, reflecting a complex role for neuropeptide FF in pain responses.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M<sub>4</sub> Protein-coding gene

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHRM4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptides B/W receptor 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptides B/W receptor 1, also known as NPBW1 and GPR7, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR1 gene. As implied by its name, it and related gene NPBW2 are transmembranes protein that bind Neuropeptide B (NPB) and Neuropeptide W (NPW), both proteins expressed strongly in parts of the brain that regulate stress and fear including the extended amygdala and stria terminalis. When originally discovered in 1995, these receptors had no known ligands and were called GPR7 and GPR8, but at least three groups in the early 2000s independently identified their endogenous ligands, triggering the name change in 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2, also known as NPBW2, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Orexin receptor type 1 (Ox1R or OX1), also known as hypocretin receptor type 1 (HcrtR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCRTR1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY1R gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (Y2R) is a member of the neuropeptide Y receptor family of G-protein coupled receptors, that in humans is encoded by the NPY2R gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide FF receptor 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide FF receptor 2, also known as NPFF2 is a human protein encoded by the NPFFR2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide FF receptor 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide FF receptor 1, also known as NPFF1 is a human protein, encoded by the NPFFR1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor also known as orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP receptor or G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the QRFPR gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodopsin-like receptors</span> Family of proteins

Rhodopsin-like receptors are a family of proteins that comprise the largest group of G protein-coupled receptors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GRK6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and is most highly similar to GRK4 and GRK5. The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors to regulate their signaling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide FF</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NPFF Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NPW</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NPW is a gene that in humans encodes Neuropeptide W protein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">QRFP</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

RF(Arg-Phe)amide family 26 amino acid peptide, also known as P518, is a human protein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide S</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas. NPS binds specifically to a G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR. Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear. It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway, and inhibits motility and increases permeability in neurocrine fashion acting through NO in the myenteric plexus in rats and humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide W</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide W or preprotein L8 is a short human neuropeptide. Neuropeptide W acts as a ligand for two neuropeptide B/W receptors, NPBWR1 and NPBWR2, which are integrated in GPCRs family of alpha-helical transmembrane proteins.

References

  1. Singh G, Davenport AP (2006). "Neuropeptide B and W: neurotransmitters in an emerging G-protein-coupled receptor system". Br. J. Pharmacol. 148 (8): 1033–41. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706825. PMC   1752024 . PMID   16847439.
  2. Elshourbagy NA, Ames RS, Fitzgerald LR, Foley JJ, Chambers JK, Szekeres PG, Evans NA, Schmidt DB, Buckley PT, Dytko GM, Murdock PR, Milligan G, Groarke DA, Tan KB, Shabon U, Nuthulaganti P, Wang DY, Wilson S, Bergsma DJ, Sarau HM (2000). "Receptor for the pain modulatory neuropeptides FF and AF is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (34): 25965–71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M004515200 . PMID   10851242.
  3. Vendelin J, Pulkkinen V, Rehn M, Pirskanen A, Räisänen-Sokolowski A, Laitinen A, Laitinen LA, Kere J, Laitinen T (2005). "Characterization of GPRA, a novel G protein-coupled receptor related to asthma". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 33 (3): 262–70. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2004-0405OC. PMID   15947423.
  4. Larhammar D, Salaneck E (2004). "Molecular evolution of NPY receptor subtypes". Neuropeptides. 38 (4): 141–51. doi:10.1016/j.npep.2004.06.002. PMID   15337367. S2CID   43696257.