Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1

Last updated
NPY4R
Identifiers
Aliases NPY4R , NPY4-R, PP1, PPYR1, Y4, Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1, neuropeptide Y receptor Y4
External IDs OMIM: 601790 HomoloGene: 116086 GeneCards: NPY4R
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001278794
NM_005972

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001265724
NP_001265723
NP_005963
NP_001265724

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 46.46 – 46.47 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1, also known as Neuropeptide Y receptor type 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPYR1 gene. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Selective Ligands

Agonists

Antagonists

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghrelin</span> Peptide hormone involved in appetite regulation

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that is involved in various physiological and homeostatic processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. NPY has been identified as the most abundant peptide present in the mammalian central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is secreted alongside other neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate. 

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agouti-related peptide</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also called agouti-related peptide, is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron. It is synthesized in neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing cell bodies located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. AgRP is co-expressed with NPY and acts to increase appetite and decrease metabolism and energy expenditure. It is one of the most potent and long-lasting of appetite stimulators. In humans, the agouti-related peptide is encoded by the AGRP gene.

Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are involved in the control of a diverse set of behavioral processes including appetite, circadian rhythm, and anxiety.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peptide YY</span> Peptide released from cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding

Peptide YY (PYY) also known as peptide tyrosine tyrosine is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the PYY gene. Peptide YY is a short peptide released from cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding. In the blood, gut, and other elements of periphery, PYY acts to reduce appetite; similarly, when injected directly into the central nervous system, PYY is also anorexigenic, i.e., it reduces appetite.

Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. It participates in the regulation of hunger and fat storage. Increased nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamus contributes to diminished hunger, a 'sense of fullness', and a potential loss of body fat and weight.

Signaling peptide receptor is a type of receptor which binds one or more signaling peptides or signaling proteins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor</span> Receptor activated by peptide hormone GLP-1

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a receptor protein found on beta cells of the pancreas and on neurons of the brain. It is involved in the control of blood sugar level by enhancing insulin secretion. In humans it is synthesised by the gene GLP1R, which is present on chromosome 6. It is a member of the glucagon receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors. GLP1R is composed of two domains, one extracellular (ECD) that binds the C-terminal helix of GLP-1, and one transmembrane (TMD) domain that binds the N-terminal region of GLP-1. In the TMD domain there is a fulcrum of polar residues that regulates the biased signaling of the receptor while the transmembrane helical boundaries and extracellular surface are a trigger for biased agonism.

The neuropeptide FF receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the pain modulatory neuropeptides AF and FF. The Neuropeptide FF receptor family is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily containing two subtypes, NPFF1 and NPFF2, which exhibit a high affinity for Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) peptides. NPFF1 is broadly distributed in the central nervous system with the highest levels found in the limbic system and the hypothalamus. NPFF2 is present in high density, particularly in mammals in the superficial layers of the spinal cord where it is involved in nociception and modulation of opioid functions. These receptors participate to the modulation of opioid receptor function in the brain and spinal cord, and can either reduce or increase opioid receptor function depending which tissue they are released in, reflecting a complex role for neuropeptide FF in pain responses.

GPCR neuropeptide receptors are G-protein coupled receptors which bind various neuropeptides. Members include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PPP1CC</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP1CC gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY1R gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (Y2R) is a member of the neuropeptide Y receptor family of G-protein coupled receptors, that in humans is encoded by the NPY2R gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y6</span> Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens

Putative neuropeptide Y receptor type 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY6R gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY5R gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PPP1R9B</span> Protein found in humans

Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R9B gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropeptide FF</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NPFF Neuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia.

UR-AK49 is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a potent antagonist for the Neuropeptide Y / Pancreatic polypeptide receptor Y4, and also as a partial agonist at the histamine receptors H1 and H2. UR-AK49 is a pure antagonist at Y4 with no partial agonist effects, and although it is only slightly selective for Y4 over the related Y1 and Y5 receptors, as the first non-peptide Y4 antagonist developed UR-AK49 is expected to be useful in the study of this receptor and its role in the body.

RVD-Hpα (pepcan-12) is an endogenous neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, which was originally proposed to act as a selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. It is a 12-amino acid polypeptide having the amino acid sequence Arg-Val-Asp-Pro-Val-Asn-Phe-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ser-His and is an N-terminal extended form of hemopressin, a 9-AA polypeptide derived from the α1 subunit of hemoglobin which has previously been shown to act as a CB1 inverse agonist. All three polypeptides have been isolated from various mammalian species, with RVD-Hpα being one of the more abundant neuropeptides expressed in mouse brain, and these neuropeptides represent a new avenue for cannabinoid research distinct from the previously known endogenous lipid-derived cannabinoid agonists such as anandamide. Recently it was shown that RVD-Hpα (also called Pepcan-12) is a potent negative allosteric modulator at CB1 receptors, together with other newly described N-terminally extended peptides (pepcans).

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000204174 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. Lutz CM, Richards JE, Scott KL, Sinha S, Yang-Feng TL, Frankel WN, Thompson DA (December 1997). "Neuropeptide Y receptor genes mapped in human and mouse: receptors with high affinity for pancreatic polypeptide are not clustered with receptors specific for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY". Genomics. 46 (2): 287–290. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5024. PMID   9417917.
  4. "Entrez Gene: PPYR1 pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1".
  5. Al-hussaniy HA, AL-Biati HA (2022-12-02). "The Role of Leptin Hormone, Neuropeptide Y, Ghrelin and Leptin/Ghrelin ratio in Obesogenesis: Leptin Hormone, Neuropeptide Y, Ghrelin and Leptin/Ghrelin ratio". Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal. 1 (2). ISSN   2957-6067.
  6. Ziemek R, Schneider E, Kraus A, Cabrele C, Beck-Sickinger AG, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A (2007). "Determination of affinity and activity of ligands at the human neuropeptide Y Y4 receptor by flow cytometry and aequorin luminescence". Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research. 27 (4): 217–233. doi:10.1080/10799890701505206. PMID   17885919. S2CID   26579625.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.