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ADGRE1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | ADGRE1 , TM7LN3, EMR1, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 600493; MGI: 106912; HomoloGene: 1493; GeneCards: ADGRE1; OMA:ADGRE1 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 also known as F4/80 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
EMR1 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family [10] [11] characterized by an extended extracellular region containing EGF-like domains. EMR1 is predominantly expressed on the surface of macrophages and plays a significant role in immune response modulation and inflammation. Its expression has been linked to various inflammatory diseases.
Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain. [12]
The N-terminal fragment (NTF) of EMR1 contains 4-6 Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF-like) domains in human and 4-7 EGF-like domains in the mouse. [13]
EMR1 expression in human is restricted to eosinophils and is a specific marker for these cells. [14] The murine homolog of EMR1, F4/80, is a well-known and widely used marker of murine macrophage populations. [15]
F4/80 is not necessary for the development of tissue macrophages but is required for the induction of efferent CD8+ regulatory T cells needed for peripheral tolerance. [16]
EMR1 can serve as a therapeutic target for depletion of these cells in eosinophilic disorders by using afucosylated antibodies. [17]