GPR173

GPR173
Identifiers
Aliases	GPR173 , SREB3, G protein-coupled receptor 173
External IDs	OMIM: 300253; MGI: 1918021; HomoloGene: 10354; GeneCards: GPR173; OMA:GPR173 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human) [1] Band Xp11.22 Start 53,048,789 bp [1] End 53,080,615 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse) [2] Band X|X F3 Start 151,126,594 bp [2] End 151,151,700 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ganglionic eminence anterior pituitary right hemisphere of cerebellum ventricular zone tibial nerve right ovary left ovary right frontal lobe nucleus accumbens anterior cingulate cortex Top expressed in lumbar spinal ganglion trigeminal ganglion Rostral migratory stream ventricular zone autonomic nervous system ganglionic eminence sympathetic ganglion paravertebral ganglia midgut medial ganglionic eminence More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signal transducer activity G protein-coupled receptor activity gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane plasma membrane Biological process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of neuron migration cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 54328 70771 Ensembl ENSG00000184194 ENSMUSG00000056679 UniProt Q9NS66 Q6PI62 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_018969 NM_027543 NM_001313748 NM_001359449 NM_001359450 RefSeq (protein) NP_061842 NP_001300677 NP_081819 NP_001346378 NP_001346379 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 53.05 – 53.08 Mb Chr X: 151.13 – 151.15 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 173 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR173 gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Function

GPR173 is a highly conserved G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a significant role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is central to reproductive function. ^{[7] [8] [9]} It is expressed in the brain and ovaries, where it is considered the putative receptor for the peptide hormone phoenixin (PNX).

Activation of GPR173 by phoenixin potentiates the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thereby promoting ovarian cycling and supporting reproductive processes. ^{[8] [9]} Beyond reproduction, GPR173 has been implicated in diverse physiological functions such as food intake regulation, learning and memory, anxiety, inflammatory responses, and cardiac protection, largely through its modulation by phoenixin. ^[9]

Additionally, GPR173 may act as a receptor for cholecystokinin (CCK) in certain brain regions, mediating inhibitory synaptic plasticity and potentially serving as a therapeutic target for disorders involving excitation-inhibition imbalance. ^[10] The expression of GPR173 can be influenced by nutritional and environmental factors, indicating its role as a sensor and mediator in integrating external signals with neuroendocrine pathways. ^[7]

Ligands

Recent studies have found GPR173 may act as the receptor for the peptides phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and phoenixin-20 (PNX-20). ^{[11] [12] [8]} Both Phoenixins are alternate cleavage products of SMIM20. ^[11]

See also

• SREB
• SMIM20

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184194 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056679 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Matsumoto M, Saito T, Takasaki J, Kamohara M, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi M, et al. (Jul 2000). "An evolutionarily conserved G-protein coupled receptor family, SREB, expressed in the central nervous system". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 272 (2): 576–582. Bibcode:2000BBRC..272..576M. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2829. PMID   10833454.
6. "Entrez Gene: GPR173 G protein-coupled receptor 173".
7. McIlwraith EK, Loganathan N, Belsham DD (April 2019). "Regulation of Gpr173 expression, a putative phoenixin receptor, by saturated fatty acid palmitate and endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A through a p38-mediated mechanism in immortalized hypothalamic neurons". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 485: 54–60. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.026. PMID   30716364.
8. Tullock CW, Mathews SK, Garcia-Galiano D, Elias CF, Samson WK, Yosten GL, et al. (September 2016). "Hypothalamic action of phoenixin to control reproductive hormone secretion in females: importance of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr173". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 311 (3): R489 –R496. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00191.2016. ISSN   0363-6119. PMC   5142227 . PMID   27440717.
9. Liang H, Zhao Q, Lv S, Ji X (2022). "Regulation and physiological functions of phoenixin". Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 9: 956500. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.956500 . PMC   9456248 . PMID   36090042.
10. He L, Shi H, Zhang G, Peng Y, Ghosh A, Zhang M, et al. (March 2023). "A Novel CCK Receptor GPR173 Mediates Potentiation of GABAergic Inhibition". The Journal of Neuroscience. 43 (13): 2305–2325. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2035-22.2023. PMC   10072296 . PMID   36813575.
11. Belsham DD, Mcilwraith EK (May 2018). "Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 39 (5): 774–778. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.13. ISSN   1745-7254. PMC   5943909 . PMID   29671415.
12. Luo V, Belsham DD, Treen AK (2016-08-01). "Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173". Molecular Endocrinology. 30 (8): 872–888. doi:10.1210/me.2016-1039. ISSN   0888-8809. PMC   5414621 . PMID   27268078.