5-MeO-MiPT

Last updated

5-MeO-MiPT
5-MeO-MiPT.svg
5-MeO-MiPT 3D.png
Clinical data
Other names5-Methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine; Moxy; Moxie; MSD-001; MSD001
Routes of
administration 		Oral, smoking [1]
Drug class Non-selective serotonin receptor agonist; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen; Entactogen
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of action Oral: 30 min (15–45 min) [1] [3]
Oral, peak: 1–2 hours [1] [3]
Duration of action Oral: 4–6 hours [1] or 3–8 hours [4] [5]
Smoked: 2–5 hours [6]
Identifiers
  • N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylpropan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.223.426 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C15H22N2O
Molar mass 246.354 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O(c1cc2c(cc1)[nH]cc2CCN(C(C)C)C)C
  • InChI=1S/C15H22N2O/c1-11(2)17(3)8-7-12-10-16-15-6-5-13(18-4)9-14(12)15/h5-6,9-11,16H,7-8H2,1-4H3 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:HEDOODBJFVUQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

5-MeO-MiPT, also known as 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine or by its nickname Moxy, is an atypical psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 5-methoxytryptamine families. [1] [4] [3] It has unique and unusual effects compared to other psychedelic tryptamines. [1] [4] [7] [3] [6] At low doses, its effects include stimulation, tactile and sexual enhancement, some MDMA-like entactogenic effects, and introspective and mild perceptual changes with few or no psychedelic visuals or time dilation, whereas at higher doses, it produces 5-MeO-DMT-like classical psychedelic effects. [1] [4] [7] It is usually taken orally or smoked. [1]

Contents

The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptors, among others. [8] [9] [10] It is closely related in chemical structure and effects to 5-MeO-DiPT, and is also related to other tryptamines like 5-MeO-DMT, 4-HO-MiPT, and MiPT. [1] [4] [7]

5-MeO-MiPT was first described in the literature by Alexander Shulgin and David Repke and colleagues in 1985. [4] [6] [11] It was later described by Shulgin in greater detail in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). [1] Recreational use of 5-MeO-MiPT is significant but relatively rare. [6] It is often used as a substitute for 5-MeO-DiPT, which has similar effects but was became a controlled substance in the United States in 2003. [6] The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) proposed banning 5-MeO-MiPT as well in the 2020s, but later withdrew its proposal amid public opposition. [4] 5-MeO-MiPT, under the developmental code name MSD-001, is being developed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders by Mindstate Design Labs and is in phase 1 clinical trials for this purpose as of 2025. [3] [12] [13] [14] [15]

Use and effects

In his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin lists the dose of 5-MeO-MiPT as 4 to 6 mg orally and 12 to 20 mg smoked. [1] [6] A wider recreational dose range of 0.5 to 20 mg or more orally has also been reported however. [4] [16] [5] Oral doses of 1 to 3 mg have been described as light, 3 to 8 mg as common or moderate, and 8 to 12 mg as strong. [5] Its onset of action when taken orally is described as very rapid, occurring within 15 to 45 minutes, peak effects appear to occur after around 1 to 2 hours, and its duration as 4 to 6 hours. [1] [6] However, other sources state its duration as 3 to 8 hours. [4] [5] A clinical trial confirmed that 5-MeO-MiPT has an onset of about 30 minutes and that peak effects occur after about 1.5 to 2 hours. [3] Its duration smoked is said to be 2 to 5 hours. [6]

5-MeO-MiPT has been described as having unique and unusual effects relative to other psychedelic tryptamines. [1] [4] [7] The effects of 5-MeO-MiPT differ depending on whether it is taken orally or smoked and are highly dose-dependent. [1] [4] When taken orally at relatively low doses like 4 to 6 mg, it is usually described as not producing psychedelic visuals or related sensory effects and as producing only hints of time dilation. [1] [4] However, it is said to produce a stoned state that includes an ease of interpretive fantasy, dream-like perception, intense conceptual thought and philosophical thinking, and mild perceptual effects like altered depth perception, minor wave pattern in peripheral vision, and slightly enhanced auditory acuity. [1] Moreover, the drug is described as producing stimulation, greatly enhanced tactile sensation and eroticism, enhanced music appreciation, tingling, shakes, and mild motor impairment. [1] [4] Its head space is described as relatively "shallow", less confusing, and more easily tolerated compared to classical psychedelics. [4] Its effects have been described by users variably as both pleasant and negative. [1] [4]

When smoked, 5-MeO-MiPT is described as having effects similar in many regards to those of 5-MeO-DMT. [1] These effects of smoked 5-MeO-MiPT include a powerful rush (but less intense than 5-MeO-DMT), loss of coherent thought, not much in the way of visuals, closed-eye visuals of moving and colored geometric patterns, intense waves of mental imagery of emotionally infused memories, impressive recall of early memories, intense depersonalization or disorientation of the normal sense of being a person in a body, loss of immediate contact with surroundings, emotional lability including laughing, crying, and vocal outbursts, groaning, writhing, shaking around, and general disorientation. [1] It is described as having a very rapid onset, with the peak phase lasting less than 30 minutes and waves continuing for up to a few hours. [1] It was described by one user as feeling like a hybrid between diethyltryptamine (DET) and 5-MeO-DMT. [1]

5-MeO-MiPT is also known by its nickname "Moxy" [4] and is closely related both in terms of chemical structure and effects to 5-MeO-DiPT (also known as "Foxy Methoxy"). [1] [7] These two serotonergic tryptamines at low doses have been described as very aphrodisiac and much more stimulant-like and party drugs than classical psychedelics. [7] However, they have been described as not innately aphrodisiac, but instead as enhancing tactile sensation in a way that lends itself to sex. [7] Matthew Baggott has described 5-MeO-MiPT as having some MDMA-like entactogenic effects at low doses, including tactile enhancement and feelings of empathy, intimacy, and closeness with others, and as producing classical psychedelic effects at higher doses. [17]

Mindstate Design Labs has described 5-MeO-MiPT as the "least psychedelic psychedelic that's psychoactive". [3] It is described as being quite psychoactive, but as lacking "hallucinations" and as not producing "mind-bending trips". [3] The drug was assessed at five different doses by oral administration in a phase 1 clinical trial in 47 individuals. [3] Its effects included heightened emotions, associative thinking, enhanced imagination, and perceptual effects such as brighter colors. [3] However, there were no hallucinations, self-disintegration, oceanic boundlessness, or other typical features of psychedelic experiences. [3] Its onset was 30 minutes and its peak of effects was 1.5 to 2 hours. [3] Mindstate Design Labs has hypothesized that a mild psychedelic experience, as with 5-MeO-MiPT, could still provide therapeutic benefits without overt hallucinogenic effects. [3]

In addition to its use on its own, 5-MeO-MiPT, along with the related tryptamine psychedelic 4-HO-MET, is employed as a component of the MDMA-mimicking Borax combo. [4] [18] [19] [20]

Side effects

Adverse effects of 5-MeO-MiPT include loss of appetite and insomnia. [1] Low-dose 5-MeO-MiPT did not cause any serious histopathological effects on the liver, kidney, and brain. High doses induce apoptotic cell death through caspase activity especially in some parts of the organs. [21] There is no known documentation of death attributed to the use of 5-MeO-MiPT alone. [4]

Interactions

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

5-MeO-MiPT activities
TargetAffinity (Ki, nM)
5-HT1A 12–143 (Ki)
610–>10,000 (EC50 Tooltip Half-maximal effective concentration)
109% (Emax Tooltip maximal efficacy)
5-HT1B 303–728
5-HT1D 23–103
5-HT1E 3,496–>10,000
5-HT1F ND
5-HT2A 113–449 (Ki)
5.9–566 (EC50)
82–101% (Emax)
5-HT2B 53–59 (Ki)
1,500 (EC50)
12% (Emax)
5-HT2C 790–2,186 (Ki)
179 (EC50)
101% (Emax)
5-HT3 >10,000
5-HT4 ND
5-HT5A 953–>10,000
5-HT6 130–281
5-HT7 20–122
α1A >12,000
α1B >10,000
α2A 175–>10,000
α2B 1,693–>10,000
α2C 637–2174
β1–β2 >10,000
D1 >25,000
D2 >25,000
D3 2,470–>25,000
D4 1,422–6,331
D5 >10,000
H1 3,900–>10,000
H2–H4 >10,000
I1 879
TAAR1 >15,000 (rat/mouse)
σ1 1,666–>10,000
σ2 90–918
SERT Tooltip Serotonin transporter3,300–>10,000 (Ki)
2,680–29,768 (IC50 Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration)
>100,000 (EC50)
NET Tooltip Norepinephrine transporter>22,000 (Ki)
84,000 (IC50)
>100,000 (EC50)
DAT Tooltip Dopamine transporter>26,000 (Ki)
>100,000 (IC50)
>100,000 (EC50)
Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug interacts with the site. Refs: [8] [9] [10] [22] [23] [24] [25]

The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of 5-MeO-MiPT is thought to result primarily from serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonism, although additional mechanisms of action such as inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) might also be involved. [11] [22] In addition to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 5-MeO-MiPT also potently binds to and/or activates other serotonin receptors, such as the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. [8] [25]

In addition to the serotonin receptors, 5-MeO-MiPT has also been found to show significant affinity to the serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), thereby acting as a moderately potent serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). [10] However, subsequent research contradicted the preceding findings and found that 5-MeO-MiPT did not significantly bind to or inhibit the human monoamine transporters. [8] [25] The drug is also inactive as a monoamine releasing agent. [22]

5-MeO-MiPT itself does not appear to have been studied, but the closely related drug 5-MeO-DiPT has been found to produce serotonergic neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and associated cognitive deficits in rodents. [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption and distribution

Following intraperitoneal administration of 5-MeO-MiPT at doses of 2.7 mg/kg in mice the compound was detectable in blood, kidney, liver, and brain. [21] At lower doses of 0.27 mg/kg, concentrations of the parent compound remained below the limit of quantification in all samples. [21]

In one human case report 5-MeO-MiPT concentrations were measured at 160 ng/mL in blood and 3,380 ng/mL in urine samples collected approximately one and two hours post-exposure, respectively. [31]

In silico ADMET predictions projected high jejunal permeability and very high kidney permeability in MDCK cells, which suggests efficient gastrointestinal absorption and renal filtration. [32] The compound demonstrated nearly complete blood-brain barrier penetration (99% predicted), and was not predicted to be a substrate for P-glycoprotein, or organic anion transporters. [32] The predicted human percent unbound to blood plasma proteins was 45.5%, compared to 31.6% in mice. [32] The predicted volume of distribution (Vd) for 5-MeO-MiPT was 3.743 L/kg, lower than its structural analogue 5-MeO-DiPT (4.219 L/kg) and DMT (4.396 L/kg). [32]

Metabolism

5-MeO-MiPT undergoes extensive phase I hepatic metabolism, mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. In vitro experiments using pooled human liver microsomes identified seven phase I metabolites, of which five were found in vivo. [31] [33] The major metabolic pathways include O-demethylation, N-demethylation, hydroxylation, and N-oxide formation. [31] [33] The metabolic profile of 5-MeO-MiPT shows similarity to the structurally related compound 5-MeO-DiPT. [31]

In vivo analysis of forensic case sample identified five phase I metabolites in blood and seven in urine. The metabolites detected in both blood and urine included 5-MeO-NiPT, 5-HO-MiPT, 5-MeO-MiPT-N-oxide, and HO-5-MeO-MiPT. [31] Two additional phase II metabolites (glucuronides) were found in mice and in vitro models, but not in human urine sample. [31] [33] [34]

In silico ADMET predicted the compound to be a substrate but not an inhibitor for the CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 enzymes, and a substrate for CYP2A6 and CYP2B6. [32] Additionally, the compound is predicted to be both substrate and inhibitor for the CYP2D6. [32]

Detection of multiple metabolites in human urine sample two hours post-exposure, along with measurable blood concentrations at one hour, suggest relatively rapid metabolism and elimination. [31] Renal excretion is likely a major route of elimination. [31]

Chemistry

5-MeO-MiPT, also known as 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine, is in a class of compounds commonly known as tryptamines, and is the N-methyl-N-isopropyl homologue of 5-MeO-DMT. [1]

Synthesis

The chemical synthesis of 5-MeO-MiPT has been described. [1]

Analogues

Analogues of 5-MeO-MiPT include methylisopropyltryptamine (MiPT), 4-HO-MiPT (miprocin), 4-AcO-MiPT (mipracetin), 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DiPT, 5-MeO-DALT, 5-MeO-MET, 5-MeO-MPT, 5-MeO-EiPT, 5-MeO-PiPT, and 5-MeO-iPALT (ASR-3001), among others. [1]

Positional isomers

6-MeO-MiPT and 7-MeO-MiPT are positional isomers of 5-MeO-MiPT. [35] They have been described by Alexander Shulgin as being inactive at doses of up to 50 mg and 70 mg orally, respectively. [35] Another notable positional isomer is 4-MeO-MiPT. [1] [35]

Detection

5-MeO-MiPT causes the ehrlich reagent to turn purple then fade to faint blue. It causes the marquis reagent to go yellow through to black. [36]

History

5-MeO-MiPT was first described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin and David Repke and colleagues in 1985. [4] [6] [11] It was later described by Shulgin in greater detail in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). [1] The United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) proposed banning 5-MeO-MiPT in the 2020s, but this proposal was later withdrawn. [4] The effort to make 5-MeO-MiPT a controlled substance was prominently opposed by the psychedelic community. [4]

Society and culture

Two tablets of 5-MeO-MiPT. 5meomipt.jpg
Two tablets of 5-MeO-MiPT.

The legal status of 5-MeO-MiPT differs internationally. It is not scheduled in Canada but is illegal if is sold for human consumption or recreational use , [37] and in Luxembourg it is not listed among prohibited substances, making it not illegal but a legal gray area there. [38] In the United States, it is unscheduled at the federal level, [39] but may be treated as an analog of 5-MeO-DiPT under the Federal Analog Act therefore if is sold for human consumption and not for medical or scientific uses is illegal and persecuted. At the state level, "5-Methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine" is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in Florida, prohibiting its purchase, consumption, sale, or possession. [40]

In other jurisdictions, control is stricter and could be punished by death or life imprisonment its sale for human use. As of September–October 2015, China lists 5-MeO-MiPT as a controlled substance. [41] Finland includes it in its decree banning certain psychoactive substances from the consumer market. [42] In the United Kingdom, it is classified as a Class A drug along with most ethers of ring-hydroxy tryptamines.[ citation needed ]

Research

5-MeO-MiPT, under the developmental code name MSD-001, is being developed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. [3] [12] [13] [14] [15] It is under development specifically by Mindstate Design Labs. [3] [12] [13] [14] [15] As of October 2025, the drug is in phase 1 clinical trials in the United States and European Union. [3] [12] [13] [43] [44] [45] A phase 1 trial was completed in July 2025. [3] [12] Mindstate Design Labs has developed an artificial intelligence (AI) platform known as Osmanthus to analyze trip reports in order to identify relationships between receptor interactions and psychoactive effects. [46] [47] [48] [49] Other research of this sort has also been conducted and published by other groups. [50] Mindstate Design Labs's platform has processed 70,000 online trip reports and led to the selection of 5-MeO-MiPT for development. [3] [46] [47] [48] [49] According to its developer, 5-MeO-MiPT is intended as a "neutral base compound" with mild effects on its own for use as a sort of "psychedelic tofu" in combination with other drugs to precisely modulate serotonin receptors and create various unique altered states of consciousness. [3] [46] [47] [48] [49]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Shulgin A, Shulgin A (September 1997). TiHKAL: The Continuation. Berkeley, California: Transform Press. ISBN   0-9630096-9-9. OCLC   38503252. "5-MeO-MiPT".
  2. ↑ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Mullin E (24 September 2025). "A Startup Used AI to Make a Psychedelic Without the Trip". WIRED. Retrieved 12 November 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Aragón M (9 January 2024). "Meet Moxy: The Novel Psychedelic the DEA Tried To Ban". DoubleBlind Mag. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Malaca S, Lo Faro AF, Tamborra A, Pichini S, Busardò FP, Huestis MA (December 2020). "Toxicology and Analysis of Psychoactive Tryptamines". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (23): 9279. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239279 . PMC   7730282 . PMID   33291798. 5-Methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-MiPT): 5-MeO-MiPT or "moxy" was marketed as a "plant fertilizer." Oral doses ranged from 1–3 mg (light), 3–8 mg (common) and 8–12 mg (strong), with typical 10–20 mg doses if inhaled [22,103]. The principal effects lasted 3–7 h and included a general heightening of awareness, mild euphoria, psychedelic visual effects, such as enhanced colors but also anxiety, nausea, confusion and paranoia. Repke et al. studied if the effects of the drug would differ depending upon the route of administration [104]. If ingested the effects were stimulating, with visual hallucinations prevailing. 5-MeO-MiPT metabolism studied by LC-HRMS/MS identified six phase I metabolites following N-demethylation, O-demethylation, demethylation and hydroxylation and N-oxide formation and hydroxylation of the parent compound and N-O-bis-demethylation of the metabolite 5-OH-MiPT [105].
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "5-MeO-MiPT". АИПСИН (in Russian). Retrieved 13 November 2025.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Palamar JJ, Acosta P (January 2020). "A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines". Human Psychopharmacology. 35 (1) e2719. doi:10.1002/hup.2719. PMC   6995261 . PMID   31909513. 5-Meo-DIPT, Foxy, or Moxy (5-Meo-MIPT) are tryptamines that are distinct. A lot of people I know that like them think they're very aphrodisiac and much more stimulant and a party drug. My opinion on 5-MeO-MIPT is that it was a very sexual chemical … it feels good to touch things, and that sort of sensation certainly lends itself to sex but I wouldn't call it innately an aphrodisiac.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Rickli A, Moning OD, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (August 2016). "Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 26 (8): 1327–1337. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001. PMID   27216487. S2CID   6685927.
  9. 1 2 Puigseslloses P, Nadal-Gratacós N, Ketsela G, Weiss N, Berzosa X, Estrada-Tejedor R, et al. (August 2024). "Structure-activity relationships of serotonergic 5-MeO-DMT derivatives: insights into psychoactive and thermoregulatory properties". Molecular Psychiatry. 29 (8): 2346–2358. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02506-8. PMC   11412900 . PMID   38486047.
  10. 1 2 3 Ray TS (February 2010). "Psychedelics and the human receptorome". PLOS One. 5 (2) e9019. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9019R. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009019 . PMC   2814854 . PMID   20126400.
  11. 1 2 3 Repke DB, Grotjahn DB, Shulgin AT (July 1985). "Psychotomimetic N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamines. Effects of variation of aromatic oxygen substituents". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 28 (7): 892–896. doi:10.1021/jm00145a007. PMID   4009612.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "MSD 001". AdisInsight. 17 October 2025. Retrieved 12 November 2025.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Bayer M (13 March 2024). "After crunching 70k 'trip reports', Mindstate looks to test first AI-derived psychedelic on humans". Fierce Biotech. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  14. 1 2 3 "Mindstate Design Labs AI-Designed Trial Gets FDA Approval". Microdose. 10 September 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  15. 1 2 3 Meissen A (20 September 2024). "Mindstate Uses AI to Design "Next-Gen" Psychedelics Combined With 5-MeO-MiPT". Lucid News - Psychedelics, Consciousness Technology, and the Future of Wellness. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  16. ↑ Luethi D, Liechti ME (October 2018). "Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 21 (10): 926–931. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy047. PMC   6165951 . PMID   29850881.
  17. ↑ Carpenter DE (2022-01-25). "DEA Proposes Adding Five Psychedelic Compounds to Schedule 1". Lucid News. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  18. ↑ Baggott M (23 June 2023). Beyond Ecstasy: Progress in Developing and Understanding a Novel Class of Therapeutic Medicine. PS2023 [Psychedelic Science 2023, June 19–23, 2023, Denver, Colorado]. Denver, CO: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies.
  19. ↑ Hamilton Morris (28 November 2023). "POD 92: Understanding and Improving MDMA with Dr. Matthew Baggott". The Hamilton Morris Podcast (Podcast). Patreon. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  20. ↑ "Borax Combo (Synonyms: Blue Bliss)". naddi.org. National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators (NADDI). 14 December 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  21. 1 2 3 Altuncı YA, Aydoğdu M, Açıkgöz E, Güven Ü, Düzağaç F, Atasoy A, et al. (January 2021). "New Psychoactive Substance 5-MeO-MiPT In vivo Acute Toxicity and Hystotoxicological Study". Balkan Medical Journal. 38 (1): 34–42. doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.11.68. PMC   8909217 . PMID   32936075.
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  23. ↑ Blough BE, Landavazo A, Decker AM, Partilla JS, Baumann MH, Rothman RB (October 2014). "Interaction of psychoactive tryptamines with biogenic amine transporters and serotonin receptor subtypes". Psychopharmacology. 231 (21): 4135–4144. doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3557-7. PMC   4194234 . PMID   24800892.
  24. ↑ Kozell LB, Eshleman AJ, Swanson TL, Bloom SH, Wolfrum KM, Schmachtenberg JL, et al. (April 2023). "Pharmacologic Activity of Substituted Tryptamines at 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A Receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT2CR, 5-HT1AR, and Serotonin Transporter". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 385 (1): 62–75. doi:10.1124/jpet.122.001454. PMC   10029822 . PMID   36669875.
  25. 1 2 3 Glatfelter GC, Clark AA, Cavalco NG, Landavazo A, Partilla JS, Naeem M, et al. (December 2024). "Serotonin 1A Receptors Modulate Serotonin 2A Receptor-Mediated Behavioral Effects of 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine Analogs in Mice". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 15 (24): 4458–4477. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00513. PMID   39636099.
  26. ↑ Araújo AM, Carvalho F, Bastos M, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M (August 2015). "The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review". Archives of Toxicology. 89 (8): 1151–1173. Bibcode:2015ArTox..89.1151A. doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x. PMID   25877327.
  27. ↑ Compton DM, Dietrich KL, Selinger MC, Testa EK (May 2011). "5-methoxy-N,N-di(iso)propyltryptamine hydrochloride (Foxy)-induced cognitive deficits in rat after exposure in adolescence". Physiology & Behavior. 103 (2): 203–209. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.021. PMID   21295050.
  28. ↑ Skelton MR, Schaefer TL, Herring NR, Grace CE, Vorhees CV, Williams MT (June 2009). "Comparison of the developmental effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (Foxy) to (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) in rats". Psychopharmacology. 204 (2): 287–297. doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1459-x. PMC   2888297 . PMID   19198809.
  29. ↑ Noworyta-Sokołowska K, Kamińska K, Kreiner G, Rogóż Z, Gołembiowska K (November 2016). "Neurotoxic Effects of 5-MeO-DIPT: A Psychoactive Tryptamine Derivative in Rats". Neurotoxicity Research. 30 (4): 606–619. doi:10.1007/s12640-016-9654-0. PMC   5047954 . PMID   27461536.
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