Luvesilocin

Last updated

Luvesilocin
Luvesilocin.svg
4-GO-DiPT 3D.png
Clinical data
Other namesRE-104; RE104; FT-104; FT104; 4-Glutaryloxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine; 4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine O-glutarate; O-Glutaryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine; 4-HO-DiPT glutarate; O-Glutaryl-4-HO-DiPT; 4-GO-DiPT
Routes of
administration 		Oral, subcutaneous injection [1] [2]
Drug class Non-selective serotonin receptor agonist; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • Investigational
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolites • 4-HO-DiPT [2]
Onset of action ≤1 hour (s.c. Tooltip subcutaneous injection) [2]
Elimination half-life • Luvesilocin: 0.43–0.64 hours (s.c. Tooltip subcutaneous injection) [1] [2]
• 4-HO-DiPT: 2.7–4.1 hours (s.c. Tooltip subcutaneous injection) [1] [2]
Duration of action 3.6 hours (range ~3–4 hours) (s.c. Tooltip subcutaneous injection) [1] [2]
Identifiers
  • 1-[3-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl] pentanedioate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
Formula C21H30N2O
Molar mass 326.484 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(C)N(CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=CC=C2)OC(=O)CCCC(=O)O)C(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C21H30N2O4/c1-14(2)23(15(3)4)12-11-16-13-22-17-7-5-8-18(21(16)17)27-20(26)10-6-9-19(24)25/h5,7-8,13-15,22H,6,9-12H2,1-4H3,(H,24,25)
  • Key:LSDOIAGGRBGDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Luvesilocin, also known as RE104 and FT-104, as well as 4-glutaryloxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-HO-DiPT O-glutarate or 4-GO-DiPT), is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families which is under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. [3] [4] It is taken orally or by subcutaneous injection. [3] [2]

Contents

The drug is a prodrug ester of 4-HO-DiPT, which acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. [5] 4-HO-DiPT produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. [5]

Luvesilocin was first described in the literature in 2021. [6] [7] It is under development for the treatment of postpartum depression and treatment-resistant depression. [8] [9] [10] [11] As of September 2025, the drug has reached phase 2 clinical trials. [12] A phase 3 trial is planned for 2026. [12]

Use and effects

Luvesilocin (RE104; 4-GO-DiPT) Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) "feel high" ratings at doses of 5 to 40 mg via subcutaneous injection over 6 hours. Effects of luvesilocin at different doses on the Drug Effects Questionnaire over 6 hours.png
Luvesilocin (RE104; 4-GO-DiPT) Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) "feel high" ratings at doses of 5 to 40 mg via subcutaneous injection over 6 hours.

The effects of luvesilocin have been clinically studied. [2] It was evaluated at doses of 5 to 40 mg (equivalent to ~4–32 mg 4-HO-DiPT) by subcutaneous injection in this study. [2] The drug was specifically assessed in terms of modified Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) ratings, Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) ratings, and adverse effects. [2] The mean duration of the psychedelic experience after administration of luvesilocin at a dose of 30 mg was found to be 3.6 hours. [2] [1]

Interactions

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Luvesilocin is a prodrug that is metabolized into 4-HO-DiPT. [5] [13]  This metabolite is an analogue of the neurotransmitter serotonin and acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. [5] Activation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is thought to be specifically responsible for the hallucinogenic effects of serotonergic psychedelics.[ citation needed ]

4-HO-DiPT produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. [14] In drug discrimination tests, 4-HO-DiPT fully substituted for the psychedelic drug DOM, with 5-fold lower potency than DOM and 2-fold lower potency than psilocin (4-HO-DMT). [15]

The drug activates basolateral amygdala (BLA) interneurons via the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor to enhance GABAergic inhibition of principal neurons in the BLA, which may mediate an anxiolytic effect of suppression of learned fear (fear extinction) in rodents. [6] [16]

Pharmacokinetics

Given by subcutaneous injection, the elimination half-life of luvesilocin is 0.43 to 0.64 hours and of 4-HO-DiPT is 2.7 to 4.1 hours. [2] The mean duration with this route at the employed dose was 3.6 hours. [2]

Chemistry

Synthesis

The chemical synthesis of luvesilocin has been described. [5]

Analogues

Analogues of luvesilocin include 4-HO-DiPT (iprocin), 4-AcO-DiPT (ipracetin), 4-PrO-DiPT, 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin), 4-PrO-DMT, and 4-GO-DMT (RE-109), among others.

History

Luvesilocin was first described in the literature in 2021. [6] [7]

Society and culture

Names

Luvesilocin is the generic name of the drug and its INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name. [17] It is also known by its developmental code names RE104 or RE-104 and FT104 or FT-104. [3]

Canada

Luvesilocin is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025. [18]

Research

Luvesilocin is under development for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD), treatment-resistant depression, and other psychiatric disorders. [3] [1] [19] [20] As of September 2025, it has reached phase 2 clinical trials for these indications. [12] A phase 3 trial is planned for 2026. [12] The drug is being developed by Reunion Neuroscience (formerly known as Field Trip Health). [3]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pollack M, Hocevar-Trnka J, Bryson N, Taylor B, Johnson M, Alexander R (December 2024). "ACNP 63rd Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P609-P914: P697. RE104: A Novel, Shorter-Acting Psychedelic for Post Partum Depression". Neuropsychopharmacology. 49 (Suppl 1): 418–594 (469–470). doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02013-y . PMID   39643635.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ludbrook G, Bryson N, Taylor B, Hocevar-Trnka J, Johnson MW, Hirman J, et al. (2025). "Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous RE104: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Single Ascending Dose Placebo-Controlled Study". J Clin Psychopharmacol. 45 (5): 441–453. doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000002047. PMC   12379775 . PMID   40685873.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "RE 104". AdisInsight. 23 September 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  4. ↑ Braner S (May 8, 2024). "Reunion Neuroscience raises $103 million for a psychedelic to treat depression". Chemical & Engineering News .
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Bryson N, Alexander R, Asnis-Alibozek A, Ehlers MD (June 2024). "RE104: Synthesis and Activity of a Novel Serotonergic Psychedelic Prodrug of 4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 15 (12): 2386–2395. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00058. PMC   11191588 . PMID   38758589.
  6. 1 2 3 "4-HO-DiPT". Psychedelic Science Review. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  7. 1 2 Bryson N. Tryptamine prodrugs. US 2021/0403425 A1, Field Trip Psychedelics, Inc0. Published online April 5, 2022. Accessed May 27, 2022. https://patents.google.com/patent/US11292765B2/en?q=field+trip+health&assignee=Field+Trip+Psychedelics+Inc.
  8. ↑ Hallifax J (11 August 2022). "An Inside Look into Field Trip's Next-Generation Psychedelic, FT-104".
  9. ↑ WO 2022/000091,Bryson N,"Tryptamine prodrugs",published 6 January 2022, assigned to Field Trip Psychedelics Inc.
  10. ↑ US 2022/0024956,Slassi A, Araujo J,"Psilocin derivatives as serotonergic psychedelic agents for the treatment of CNS disorders.",published 27 January 2022, assigned to Mindset Pharma Inc.
  11. ↑ WO 2022/246572,Slassi A, Araujo J, Higgin GH, Gabriele J,"Hallucinogen-Fatty Acid Combination",published 1 December 2022, assigned to Mindset Pharma Inc.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Alexander R, Hocevar-Trnka J (June 26, 2024). "RE104: A Novel, Fast-Acting Psychedelic for Postpartum Depression". psychiatrictimes.com.
  13. ↑ "Reunion Neuroscience Announces Publication of Results from Early Preclinical Studies Demonstrating the Potential of RE104 for Development in Depressive Disorders". GlobalNewswire. May 20, 2024 – via Yahoo!Finance.
  14. ↑ Klein AK, Chatha M, Laskowski LJ, Anderson EI, Brandt SD, Chapman SJ, et al. (April 2021). "Investigation of the Structure-Activity Relationships of Psilocybin Analogues". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4 (2): 533–542. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00176. PMC   8033608 . PMID   33860183.
  15. ↑ Gatch MB, Hoch A, Carbonaro TM (April 2021). "Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Substituted Tryptamines in Rats". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4 (2): 467–471. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00173. PMC   8033599 . PMID   33860176.
  16. ↑ Kelly TJ, Bonniwell EM, Mu L, Liu X, Hu Y, Friedman V, et al. (April 2024). "Psilocybin analog 4-OH-DiPT enhances fear extinction and GABAergic inhibition of principal neurons in the basolateral amygdala". Neuropsychopharmacology. 49 (5): 854–863. doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01744-8. PMC   10948882 . PMID   37752222.
  17. ↑ "International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN)" (PDF). www.cdn.who.int. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  18. ↑ "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  19. ↑ Reunion Neuroscience Inc (2025-03-06). A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Dose-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of RE104 for Injection in the Treatment of Patients With Postpartum Depression (PPD) (Report). clinicaltrials.gov.
  20. ↑ Reunion Neuroscience Inc (2025-03-06). A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Dose-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of RE104 for Injection in the Treatment of Patients With Postpartum Depression (PPD) (Report). clinicaltrials.gov.
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