Camelback Mountain

Last updated
Camelback Mountain
Camelback Mountain 2.jpg
Highest point
Elevation 2,706 ft (825 m)  NAVD 88 [1]
Prominence 1,334 ft (407 m) [2]
Coordinates 33°30′53″N111°57′42″W / 33.514723847°N 111.961604211°W / 33.514723847; -111.961604211 [1]
Geography
USA Arizona relief location map.svg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
Camelback Mountain
Location Maricopa County, Arizona, U.S.
Parent range Phoenix Mountains
Topo map USGS Paradise Valley
Geology
Mountain type(s) granite, sandstone
Climbing
Easiest route Echo Canyon trail, Cholla trail

Camelback Mountain (O'odham : Cew S-wegiom) is a mountain in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The English name is derived from its shape, which resembles the hump and head of a kneeling camel. [3] The mountain, a prominent landmark of the Phoenix metropolitan area, is located in the Camelback Mountain Echo Canyon Recreation Area between the Arcadia neighborhood of Phoenix and the town of Paradise Valley. It is a popular recreation destination for hiking and rock climbing.

Contents

History

A cave discovered on the north side of Camelback Mountain indicates that it was used as a sacred site by the prehistoric Hohokam culture before they abandoned the area in the 14th century. [4]

In January 1879, United States President Rutherford B. Hayes included Camelback Mountain as part of a one million acre (4,000 km2) reservation for the Salt River Pima and Maricopa American Indian tribes. [5] Six months later, at the behest of Charles Poston, the Arizona Territorial Legislature reversed the decision in order to ensure the primacy of the 5000 non-Indian area residents as well as their continued access to Salt River water. [6]

Efforts to protect Camelback Mountain as a natural preserve began in the early 1910s. However, by the 1960s, nearly all of the area had been sold to private interests. Federal and state authorities attempted to stop development above the one thousand and six hundred feet level. They failed to halt development and in 1963 efforts to arrange a land exchange failed in the Arizona State legislature. In 1965, United States Senator Barry Goldwater took up the cause and helped to secure the higher elevations against development. The area became a Phoenix city park in 1968. [7]

The peak lends its name to a major east-west street in the Phoenix area called Camelback Road [8] that runs about 34 miles (55 km) starting from the eastern border of Scottsdale through the Phoenix metropolitan area to the westside suburb of Litchfield Park.

Camelback Mountain is designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride. [9]

Geology

The mountain is composed of a geologic unconformity between two separate rock formations. The higher part of the peak is Precambrian granite (ca. 1.5 billion years old). The head of the camel is predominantly red sedimentary sandstone from the Chattian stage of the Oligocene epoch (ca. 25 million years old). [10]

Climate

Climate data for Camel Back Mountain
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)62.6
(17.0)		65.8
(18.8)		73.1
(22.8)		80.5
(26.9)		89.5
(31.9)		99.2
(37.3)		101.5
(38.6)		100.5
(38.1)		95.4
(35.2)		84.2
(29.0)		71.5
(21.9)		61.2
(16.2)		82.1
(27.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)51.8
(11.0)		54.9
(12.7)		61.3
(16.3)		68.2
(20.1)		77.0
(25.0)		86.4
(30.2)		90.5
(32.5)		89.4
(31.9)		84.2
(29.0)		72.4
(22.4)		60.1
(15.6)		50.8
(10.4)		70.6
(21.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)41.0
(5.0)		44.0
(6.7)		49.5
(9.7)		55.7
(13.2)		64.5
(18.1)		73.6
(23.1)		79.5
(26.4)		78.6
(25.9)		73.1
(22.8)		60.6
(15.9)		48.7
(9.3)		40.3
(4.6)		59.1
(15.1)
Average precipitation inches (mm)1.30
(33)		1.36
(35)		1.28
(33)		0.50
(13)		0.26
(6.6)		0.10
(2.5)		1.00
(25)		1.37
(35)		0.88
(22)		0.83
(21)		0.83
(21)		1.24
(31)		10.95
(278.1)
Source: PRISM Climate Group [11]

Recreation

Two hiking trails ascend 1,280 feet (390 m) to the peak of Camelback Mountain. The Echo Canyon Trail is 1.14 miles (1900 m) and the Cholla Trail is 1.4 mi (2300 m). Both trails are considered strenuous with steep grades. The hiking path has dirt, gravel, boulders, and some handrail-assisted sections. The average hike requires a round trip time of 1.5 to 3 hours. [12]

The Praying Monk is a red sandstone rock formation which is used for rock climbing. Located on the northern slope, the formation resembles the silhouette of a person kneeling in prayer. [13] It rises approximately 100 feet (30 m) and the eastern face has several permanent anchor bolts for attaching a belay rope. [14]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 "Camels Back 2". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce . Retrieved 2008-11-25.
  2. ↑ "Camelback Mountain, Arizona". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
  3. ↑ Driggs, Gary (2008). Camelback Mountain. Arcadia Publishing. p. 9. ISBN   978-0-7385-4840-1.
  4. ↑ ( Driggs 2008 , p. 23)
  5. ↑ ( Driggs 2008 , p. 27)
  6. ↑ ( Driggs 2008 , p. 27)
  7. ↑ Lindstrom, Matthew J.; Bartling, Hugh (2003). "8: "The Straw that Broke the Camel's Back"". Suburban sprawl: culture, theory, and politics. Rowman & Littlefield.
  8. ↑ "How Phoenix streets were named". azcentral.com. USA Today Network. October 11, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Phoenix Points of Pride". City Attractions. City of Phoenix. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
  10. ↑ ( Driggs 2008 , p. 9)
  11. ↑ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2023. To find the table data on the PRISM website, start by clicking Coordinates (under Location); copy Latitude and Longitude figures from top of table; click Zoom to location; click Precipitation, Minimum temp, Mean temp, Maximum temp; click 30-year normals, 1991-2020; click 800m; click Retrieve Time Series button.
  12. ↑ Liu, Charles (2006). 60 hikes within 60 miles. Phoenix: Menasha Ridge Press. p. 10. ISBN   9780897325936.
  13. ↑ ( Driggs 2008 , p. 20)
  14. ↑ Driggs, Gary (July 1998). Camelback: Sacred Mountain of Phoenix. Arizona Historical Foundation. pp. 146–156. ISBN   0-910152-17-9.
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