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This article is a comparison of the Turkic states . They are all members or obervers in intergovernmental organizations such as Organization of Turkic States or International Organization of Turkic Culture. [1] [2]
| Country | Area (km²) | Land area (km²) | Water area (km²) | EEZ (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | 86,600 | 86,100 | 500 | 80,614 [3] |
| Kazakhstan | 2,724,900 | 2,699,700 | 25,200 | 114,383 [4] |
| Kyrgyzstan | 199,951 | 191,801 | 8,150 | N/A |
| Northern Cyprus [1] | 3,355 | No Data | ||
| Turkey | 783,562 | 769,632 | 13,930 | 262,233 [5] |
| Turkmenistan | 488,100 | 469,930 | 18,170 | 61,226 [6] |
| Uzbekistan | 447,400 | 425,400 | 22,000 | N/A |
| Country | Political systems | Power source | Power structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Semi-presidential system | Constitutional republic | Unitary state |
| Kazakhstan | Presidential system | Constitutional republic | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Presidential system | Constitutional republic | |
| Northern Cyprus [1] | Semi-presidential system | Constitutional republic | |
| Turkey | Presidential system | Constitutional republic | |
| Turkmenistan | Presidential system | Constitutional republic under a one-party authoritarian state (de facto) [7] | |
| Uzbekistan | Presidential system | Constitutional republic under an authoritarian state (de facto) [8] |
| Country |  Council of Europe |  NATO | OECD |  UN |  WTO |  Organization Of Turkic States | Türksoy |  EAEU |  CIS | SCO |  OIC | ECO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | 2001 | 1994 (PfP) | See notes | 1992 | 1997 (Observer) | 2009 | 1993 | No | 1993 | 2008 (Dialog partner) | 1991 | 1992 |
| Kazakhstan | No | 1994 (PfP) | See notes | 1992 | 2015 | 2009 | 1993 | 2015 | 1994 | 1996 | 1995 | 1992 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2014 (Partner for democracy) | 1994 (PfP) | No | 1992 | 1998 | 2009 | 1993 | 2015 | 1994 | 1996 | 1992 | 1992 |
| Northern Cyprus [1] | 2004 (see notes) | No | No | No | No | 2022 (Observer) | 1993 (Observer) | No | No | No | 1979 (Observer) | 2014 (Observer) |
| Turkey | 1950 | 1952 | 1961 | 1945 | 1995 | 2009 | 1993 | No | No | 2012 (Dialog partner) | 1969 | 1985 (1964) |
| Turkmenistan | No | 1994 (PfP) | No | 1992 | 2020 (Observer) | 2021 (Observer) | 1993 | No | 2005 (Associate) | No | 1992 | 1992 |
| Uzbekistan | No | 1994 (PfP) | No | 1992 | 1994 (Observer) | 2019 [9] | 1993 | 2020 (Observer) | 1994 | 2001 | 1995 | 1992 |
| Country | Freedom in the World 2022 [12] | 2022 Index of Economic Freedom [13] | 2022 Press Freedom Index [14] | 2021 Democracy Index [15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Azerbaijan | not free | moderately free | very serious situation | authoritarian regime |
 Kazakhstan | not free | moderately free | difficult situation | authoritarian regime |
 Kyrgyzstan | not free | mostly unfree | noticeable problems | authoritarian regime |
 Northern Cyprus [1] | free | n/a | noticeable problems | n/a |
 Turkey | not free | mostly unfree | difficult situation | hybrid regime |
 Turkmenistan | not free | repressed | very serious situation | authoritarian regime |
 Uzbekistan | not free | mostly unfree | difficult situation | authoritarian regime |
| Country | GDP total (PPP) | GDP per capita (PPP) | GDP total (nominal) | GDP per capita (nominal) | Gini | HDI | IHDI (2021) | Currency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | $160.7 billion | $15,843 | $54.62 billion | $5,384 | 26.6 | 0.745 | 0.685 | Azerbaijani manat |
| Kazakhstan | $543.5 billion | $28,600 | $190.8 billion | $10,041.5 | 27.8 | 0.811 | 0.755 | Kazakhstani tenge |
| Kyrgyzstan | $35.4 billion | $5,288 | $8.543 billion | $1,276.2 | 29 | 0.692 | 0.627 | Kyrgyzstani som |
| Northern Cyprus [1] | $ | $ | $4.234 billion | $11,129 | not recognized | Turkish lira | ||
| Turkey | $2,591 billion | $30,472 | $815.3 billion | $9,586.6 | 41.9 | 0.838 | 0.717 | Turkish lira |
| Turkmenistan | $96.23 billion | $16,194 | $45.23 billion | $7,612 | 40.8 | 0.745 | 0.619 | Turkmenistani manat |
| Uzbekistan | $296.7 billion | $8,497 | $69.24 billion | $1,983.1 | 35.3 | 0.727 | unknown | Uzbekistani soum |
| Country | Population | Density (per km²) | Immigration (per 1000 people) (2022) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | 10,145,212 | 117 | 0 [16] |
| Kazakhstan | 19,002,586 | 7 | 0.39 [17] |
| Kyrgyzstan | 6,694,200 | 33 | -4.87 [18] |
| Northern Cyprus [1] | 390,745 | 116 | |
| Turkey | 85,279,553 | 109 | -1.54 [19] |
| Turkmenistan | 6,117,933 | 13 | -1.71 [7] |
| Uzbekistan | 34,915,100 | 78 | -1.78 [8] |
| Country | Internet TLD | ISO 3166 code | Calling code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | .az | AZ | +994 |
| Kazakhstan | .kz .қаз | KZ | +7-6xx, +7-7xx +997 (future) [20] |
| Kyrgyzstan | .kg | KG | +996 |
| Northern Cyprus [1] | None, uses .nc.tr or .ct.tr | None | +90 392 |
| Turkey | .tr | TR | +90 |
| Turkmenistan | .tm | TM | +993 |
| Uzbekistan | .uz | UZ | +998 |
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, which are colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as the countries all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of".
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental landlocked country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Astana, known as Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, was the country's capital until 1997. Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest country by land area and the world's largest landlocked country. It has a population of 19 million people and one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometre. Ethnic Kazakhs constitute a majority of the population, while ethnic Russians form a significant minority. Officially secular, Kazakhstan is a Muslim-majority country, although ethnic Russians in the country form a sizeable Christian community.
The transport in Azerbaijan involves air traffic, waterways and railroads. All transportation services in Azerbaijan except for oil and gas pipelines are regulated by the Ministry of Transportation of Azerbaijan Republic.
Kyrgyzstan or the Kyrgyz Republic is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek.
Turkmenistan is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It's one of the 7 independent Turkic states. The population is about 6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics, and Turkmenistan is one of the most sparsely populated nations in Asia.
The Economic Cooperation Organization or ECO is an Asian political and economic intergovernmental organization that was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities. The ECO is an ad hoc organisation under the United Nations Charter. The objective is to establish a single market for goods and services, much like the European Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the ECO expanded to include Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan in 1992.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Turkmenistan:
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The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising prominent independent Turkic countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. It is an intergovernmental organization whose overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among Turkic-speaking states. First proposed by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009, in Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is in Istanbul.
The International Organization of Turkic Culture or TURKSOY is an international cultural organization of countries with Turkic populations, speaking languages belonging to the Turkic language family.
The Azerbaijani diaspora are the communities of Azerbaijanis living outside the places of their ethnic origin: Azerbaijan and the Iranian region of Azerbaijan.
The Great Kurultáj or briefly Kurultáj is a traditional event of peoples of Central Asian nomadic origins, which takes place in the first week of August in Bugac, Hungary. The aim of this event is to strengthen the unity of the Eurasian steppe-nomadic horse culture and traditions between Hungarians and their cultural relatives, eastern Turkic peoples and Altaic peoples. The first Kurultáj was held in the Torgay Region of Kazakhstan in 2007. The first Kurultáj in Hungary was held in 2008. These events contributed much to the revival of the Altaic self-awareness.
Turkvision Song Contest 2013 was the inaugural edition of the Turkvision Song Contest, held in Eskişehir, Turkey. Twenty-four Turkic regions, which have either a large Turkic population or a widely spoken Turkic language, participated in the contest. The semi-final took place on 19 December 2013, while the final took place on 21 December 2013.
The Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency is a government department subordinate to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey). Focusing on development cooperation, TİKA works in more than 150 countries. TİKA is responsible for the organization of the bulk of Turkey's official development assistance to developing countries, with a particular focus on Turkic and African countries and communities. According to the OECD, 2020 official development assistance from Turkey increased by 1.2% to US$8 billion. As of January 2022, TİKA has undertaken 30,000 projects worldwide.
Relations between Turkic Council and Azerbaijan started from the year of 2009 until present. Taking into account of the establishment date of the organization, Azerbaijan continues relations as a member of the founding country.
The TURKPA in full, the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States, is an international organization comprising some of the Turkic countries. It was founded on 21 November 2008 in Istanbul. The General Secretariat is in Baku, Azerbaijan. The member countries are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey. Hungary and Northern Cyprus are observers.
The Supreme Order of Turkic World is the highest order of the Organization of Turkic States. The order is awarded by the chairperson of the organization, who is simultaneously the head of state or head of government of one of the member countries. Established in 2019, the order recognizes outstanding service to the Turkic World.
^ 1: Only recognized by Turkey
