Constituencies of Russia

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Map of all 225 Russian legislative constituencies in relation to their federal subjects. (Used 2015-2025) SMD map for Russian legislative election, 2016 - color.svg
Map of all 225 Russian legislative constituencies in relation to their federal subjects. (Used 2015-2025)

Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Contents

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.

List

Below is the list of Constituencies of Russia, organised by federal subject.

Adygea

Altai Republic

Bashkortostan

Buryatia

Dagestan

Ingushetia

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kalmykia

Karachay-Cherkessia

Republic of Karelia

Komi Republic

Republic of Crimea

Mari El

Mordovia

Yakutia

North Ossetia

Tatarstan

Tuva

Udmurt Republic

Khakassia

Chechnya

Chuvashia

Altai Krai

Zabaikalsky Krai

Kamchatka Krai

Krasnodar Krai

Krasnoyarsk Krai

Perm Krai

Primorsky Krai

Stavropol Krai

Khabarovsk Krai

Amur Oblast

Arkhangelsk Oblast

Astrakhan Oblast

Legislative constituencies in Belgorod Oblast. Gosduma OIK R-31 Belgorod.png
Legislative constituencies in Belgorod Oblast.

Belgorod Oblast

Bryansk Oblast

Vladimir Oblast

Volgograd Oblast

Vologda Oblast

Voronezh Oblast

Ivanovo Oblast

The 95th Constituency in Irkutsk Oblast has traces of Gerrymandering. Gosduma OIK 095.png
The 95th Constituency in Irkutsk Oblast has traces of Gerrymandering.

Irkustsk Oblast

Kaliningrad Oblast

Kaluga Oblast

Kemerovo Oblast

Kirov Oblast

Kostroma Oblast

Kurgan Oblast

Kursk Oblast

Leningrad Oblast

Lipetsk Oblast

Magadan Oblast

Moscow Oblast

Murmansk Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Novgorod Oblast

Novosibirsk Oblast

Omsk Oblast

Orenburg Oblast

Oryol Oblast

Penza Oblast

Pskov Oblast

Rostov Oblast

Ryazan Oblast

Samara Oblast

Saratov Oblast

Sakhalin Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast

Smolensk Oblast

Tambov Oblast

Tver Oblast

Tomsk Oblast

Tula Oblast

Tyumen Oblast

Ulyanovsk Oblast

Chelyabinsk Oblast

Yaroslavl Oblast

Moscow's Central constituency is often known as Russia's most pro-opposition constituency Gosduma OIK 208.png
Moscow's Central constituency is often known as Russia's most pro-opposition constituency

Moscow Federal City

Saint Petersburg Federal City

Sevastopol Federal City

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Nenets AO

Khanty-Mansi AO

Chukotka AO

Yamalo-Nenets AO

Russian gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is the process of drawing the boundaries of electoral districts to favor a certain political force. [2] In Russia, this comes through the "Lepestkovy" (Russian: лепестковый) drawing of constituencies. [3] These "Lepestkovy" drawing usually involves major cities and/or regional capitals being split up between multiple constituencies. This is done to split up urban voters (who tend to be more liberal) and pair them up with a bigger rural population. This is present in many of Russia's constituencies.

Volgograd Oblast, an excellent example of "Lepestkovy" Gerrymandering. Gosduma OIK R-34 Volgograd.png
Volgograd Oblast, an excellent example of "Lepestkovy" Gerrymandering.
The 158th Constituency cuts right through Samara Gosduma OIK 158.png
The 158th Constituency cuts right through Samara

Redistricting

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years.

The 2015-2025 layout was created on the basis that there are 109,902,583 voters in all of Russia.

The number of constituencies a Federal Subject is entitled to is determined using the Hare Quota. By dividing the total number of voters in Russia (109,902,583) by 225 (the total amount of Deputies, elected through single-mandate constituencies), you get 488,455.924, the desired average number of voters in a constituency, also known as the "Government Norm" (GN). The next step is to divide the number of voters in a Federal Subject by the GN, and then rounding down to the lowest whole number. If the remainder is sizeable, then the Federal Subject receives an additional constituency. Table with examples below.

Formula for determining the number of constituencies a Federal Subject receives.
Federal SubjectNumber of voters in the Federal SubjectNumber of voters in a Federal Subject ÷ GNProvisional number of constituenciesRemainderAdditional number of constituenciesFinal number of constituencies
Karelia 540,4361.10610.10601
Tomsk Oblast 767,8471.57210.57212
Dagestan 1,626,8293.33130.33103
Altai Krai 1,899,2253.88830.88814
Chelyabinsk Oblast 2,715,2045.55950.55905
Moscow 7,318,01914.982140.982115

Former Constituencies

Bashkortostan

Primorsky Krai

Stavropol Krai

Vladimir Oblast

Kursk Oblast

Lipetsk Oblast

Moscow Oblast

Murmansk Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Novosibirsk Oblast

Omsk Oblast

Rostov Oblast

Ryazan Oblast

Samara Oblast

Smolensk Oblast

Tambov Oblast

Tver Oblast

Tula Oblast

Tyumen Oblast

Moscow Federal City

Saint Petersburg Federal City

Komi-Permyak AO

Koryak AO

Taymyr AO

Ust-Orda Buryat AO

Evenk AO

Russian State Duma Election results by constituency

2016 election results

Detailed Results of the 2016 Russian legislative Election by constituency.

PartyConstituency Vote
Votes%Seats
United Russia 25,162,77050.12203
Communist Party of the Russian Federation 6,492,14512.937
A Just Russia 5,017,64510.007
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 5,064,79410.095
Rodina 1,241,6422.471
Independent 429,0510.851
Civic Platform 364,1000.731
Communists of Russia 1,847,8243.680
Yabloko 1,323,7932.640
Party of Growth 1,171,2592.330
The Greens 770,0761.530
Patriots of Russia 704,1971.400
People's Freedom Party 530,8621.060
Civilian Power 79,9220.160
Invalid/blank votes1,767,725
Total51,967,805 (47.88%)100225
Registered voters109,636,794 (100%)
Source: Central Election Commission

2021 election results

Results of the 2021 Russian legislative election by constituency.

PartyConstituency Vote
Votes%Seats
United Russia 25,201,04845.86198
Communist Party of the Russian Federation 8,984,50616.359
A Just Russia — For Truth 4,882,5188.788
Independents 646,9501.185
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 3,234,1135.892
Rodina 829,3031.511
Party of Growth 515,0200.941
Civic Platform 386,6630.701
New People 2,684,0824.880
Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice 1,969,9863.580
Communists of Russia 1,639,7742.980
Yabloko 1,091,8371.990
The Greens 541,2890.980
Russian Party of Freedom and Justice 372,8670.680
Green Alternative 120,1370.220
Invalid/blank votes1,913,5783.48
Total55,013,671(50.83%)100225
Registered voters108,231,085 (100%)
Source: Central Election Commission Archived 2021-09-27 at the Wayback Machine

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References

  1. "1. Адыгейский одномандатный избирательный округ". Депутат Клуб (in Russian). 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  2. "ДЖЕРРИМЕНДЕРИНГ - это... Что такое ДЖЕРРИМЕНДЕРИНГ?". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-30.
  3. "Егор Боратов: Лепестковая нарезка среднестатистического избирателя". polit.ru. Retrieved 2021-07-30.

See also