Cork encoding

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The Cork (also known as T1 or EC) encoding is a character encoding used for encoding glyphs in fonts. [1] It is named after the city of Cork in Ireland, where during a TeX Users Group (TUG) conference in 1990 a new encoding was introduced for LaTeX. [1] It contains 256 characters supporting most west- and east-European languages with the Latin alphabet. [2]

Contents

Details

In 8-bit TeX engines the font encoding has to match the encoding of hyphenation patterns where this encoding is most commonly used. [3] In LaTeX one can switch to this encoding with \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}, while in ConTeXt MkII this is the default encoding already. In modern engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX Unicode is fully supported and the 8-bit font encodings are obsolete.

Character set

Cork encoding
0123456789ABCDEF
0x `
0060		 ´
00B4		 ˆ
02C6		 ˜
02DC		 ¨
00A8		 ˝
02DD		 ˚
02DA		 ˇ
02C7		 ˘
02D8		 ¯
00AF		 ˙
02D9		 ¸
00B8		 ˛
02DB		 ‚
201A		 ‹
2039		 ›
203A
1x “
201C		 ”
201D		 „
201E		 «
00AB		 »
00BB		 –
2013		 —
2014		 ZWSP [lower-alpha 1]
200B		 ₀ [lower-alpha 2]
2080		 ı [lower-alpha 3]
0131		 ȷ [lower-alpha 3]
0237		 ff
FB00		 fi
FB01		 fl
FB02		 ffi
FB03		 ffl
FB04
2x  SP   ! " # $ % & ’
2019		 ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
6x ‘
2018		 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ SHY [lower-alpha 4]
8x Ă
0102		 Ą
0104		 Ć
0106		 Č
010C		 Ď
010E		 Ě
011A		 Ę
0118		 Ğ
011E		 Ĺ
0139		 Ľ
013D		 Ł
0141		 Ń
0143		 Ň
0147		 Ŋ
014A		 Ő
0150		 Ŕ
0154
9x Ř
0158		 Ś
015A		 Š
0160		 Ş
015E		 Ť
0164		 Ţ
0162		 Ű
0170		 Ů
016E		 Ÿ
0178		 Ź
0179		 Ž
017D		 Ż
017B		 IJ
0132		 İ
0130		 đ
0111		 §
00A7
Ax ă
0103		 ą
0105		 ć
0107		 č
010D		 ď
010F		 ě
011B		 ę
0119		 ğ
011F		 ĺ
013A		 ľ
013E		 ł
0142		 ń
0144		 ň
0148		 ŋ
014B		 ő
0151		 ŕ
0155
Bx ř
0159		 ś
015B		 š
0161		 ş
015F		 ť
0165		 ţ
0163		 ű
0171		 ů
016F		 ÿ
00FF		 ź
017A		 ž
017E		 ż
017C		 ij
0133		 ¡
00A1		 ¿
00BF		 £
00A3
Cx À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
Dx Ð [lower-alpha 5] Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Œ
0152		 Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ SS [lower-alpha 6]
1E9E
Ex à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï
Fx ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö œ
0153		 ø ù ú û ü ý þ ß
00DF

Notes

  1. ↑ 0x17 is dubbed a “compound word mark” (CWM) in the Cork encoding, and is an innovation of this standard. It is an invisible character that separates compounds in a complex word, for instance in German, in order to disallow esthetic ligatures at compound boundaries. [2] It is mapped to the Unicode “zero-width space” (ZWSP, U+200B), defined at about the same time, whose purpose is similar, if not identical.
  2. ↑ 0x18 is a “small o”, used to compose ‰ or ‱ (or arbitrary smaller quantities) out of percent sign (%). [2]
  3. 1 2 Dotless i and dotless j may be used to compose accented variants like i with macron (ī).
  4. ↑ 0x7F is the hyphenation character, not really a soft hyphen (SHY) as defined by Unicode.
  5. ↑ 0xD0 is used both as Eth (Ð, U+00D0) and as D with stroke (Đ, U+0110) which might be a problem at some occasions (like copying text from PDF, hyphenation, ...)
  6. ↑ 0xDF contains SS (two letters S). It allows TeX to automatically convert the German lowercase ß into the uppercase form.

Supported languages

The encoding supports most European languages written in Latin alphabet. Notable exceptions are:

Languages with slightly suboptimal support include:

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References

  1. 1 2 Petrlik, Lukas (1996-06-19). "The Czech and Slovak Character Encoding Mess Explained". cs-encodings-faq. 1.10. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  2. 1 2 3 Ferguson, Michael (1990), "Report on Multilingual Activities" (PDF), TUGboat, 11 (4): 514–516
  3. ↑ TeX hyphenation patterns
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