Duke of Cambridge

Last updated

Dukedom of Cambridge
Coat of Arms of William, Duke of Cambridge.svg
Creation date29 April 2011 (announced) [1]
26 May 2011 (Letters Patent) [2]
CreationFifth
Created by Elizabeth II
Peerage Peerage of the United Kingdom
First holder Charles Stuart
Present holder William, Prince of Wales
Heir apparent Prince George
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten [2]
Subsidiary titles Earl of Strathearn
Baron Carrickfergus
StatusExtant

Duke of Cambridge is a hereditary title of nobility in the British royal family, one of several royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom. The title is named after the city [3] of Cambridge in England. It is heritable by male descendants by primogeniture, and has been conferred upon various members of the British royal family several times throughout history.

Contents

The title of Duke of Cambridge, first created in 1660, superseded an earlier title of Earl of Cambridge. The title became extinct several times before being revived in 2011, when Queen Elizabeth II bestowed it on her grandson Prince William on 29 April 2011 upon his marriage to Catherine Middleton. Catherine became known as the Duchess of Cambridge.

History

The title was first granted in 1660 by Charles II of England (immediately following the Restoration of the monarchy) to his infant eldest nephew Charles Stuart (1660–1661), the first son of the Duke of York (later King James II), though he was never formally created Duke of Cambridge as he died at the age of six months. The first officially recognised creation of the dukedom was in the Peerage of England in 1664, when King Charles II granted the title to his next eldest surviving nephew James Stuart, the infant second son of the Duke of York, who died early in 1667 at the age of three, when the title again became extinct. The title was then granted later that year by King Charles II to his next eldest surviving nephew Edgar Stuart, the third son of the Duke of York, who also died in infancy, in 1671 at the age of three, when the title became extinct the third time. The Duke of York's fourth son Charles (his eldest son by his second wife) was also styled Duke of Cambridge in 1677, but died when about a month old, not having lived long enough to be formally created duke.

The title was recreated by Queen Anne in 1706 who granted it to George Augustus (later King George II), son of the Elector of Hanover (later King George I), her distant cousin (both being descended from King James I). When the title was created George Augustus was third in line to the throne, after his grandmother Sophia and his father. When he ascended to the throne as King George II in 1727, the dukedom merged with the Crown. [1]

The title was again recreated in the peerage of the United Kingdom and was granted in 1801 by King George III to his seventh son Prince Adolphus (1774–1850), then aged 27. [4] Following his death in 1850 the title was inherited by his only son Prince George, 2nd Duke of Cambridge, whose three sons were barred from inheriting the title as his marriage had been in violation of the Royal Marriages Act 1772. Thus on the death of the 2nd Duke in 1904 the title again became extinct. [5]

During the period leading up to the 1999 wedding of Prince Edward, the youngest son of Queen Elizabeth II, some people speculated that the Dukedom of Cambridge or Sussex were the most likely to be granted to him, and The Sunday Telegraph later reported that Prince Edward was at one point set to be titled Duke of Cambridge. [6] Instead, Prince Edward was created Earl of Wessex, and it was announced that he would eventually be created the next Duke of Edinburgh after his father. [7]

On 29 April 2011, the day of his wedding, it was announced that Queen Elizabeth II had created her grandson Prince William Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus, [1] titles relating respectively to places in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland, three of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. The letters patent granting these titles received the great seal on 26 May 2011. [2]

Dukes of Cambridge

Styled, 1660

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Charles Stuart
House of Stuart
1660–1661		22 October 1660
Worcester House, London
son of James, Duke of York (later King James II) and Anne Hyde 		not married5 May 1661
Whitehall Palace, London
aged 6 months

First creation, 1664

Also: Earl of Cambridge and Baron of Dauntsey (1664)

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
James Stuart
House of Stuart
1664–1667		 James, Duke of Cambridge - Wright 1666-7.jpg 12 July 1663
St James's Palace, London
son of James, Duke of York (later King James II) and Anne Hyde 		not married20 June 1667
Richmond Palace, London
aged 3

Second creation, 1667

Also: Earl of Cambridge and Baron of Dauntsey (1667)

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Edgar Stuart
House of Stuart
1667–1671		14 September 1667
St James's Palace, London
son of James, Duke of York (later King James II) and Anne Hyde 		not married8 June 1671
Richmond Palace, London
aged 3

Styled, 1677

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Charles Stuart
House of Stuart
1677–1677		7 November 1677
St James's Palace, London
son of James, Duke of York (later King James II) and Mary of Modena 		not married12 December 1677
St James's Palace, London
aged 35 days

Third creation, 1706

Also: Marquess of Cambridge, Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton and Baron Tewkesbury (1706)

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Prince George
House of Hanover
1706–1727
Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay (1714)		 George II.jpg 30 October / 9 November 1683 O.S./N.S.
Herrenhausen, Hanover
son of Prince George of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later King George I) and Sophia Dorothea of Celle 		22 August 1705
Caroline of Ansbach
10 children		25 October 1760
Kensington Palace, London
aged 76
Prince George succeeded as George II in 1727 upon his father's death, and his titles merged with the crown.

Fourth creation, 1801

Also: Earl of Tipperary and Baron Culloden (1801)

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Prince Adolphus
House of Hanover
1801–1850
 Adolphus Frederick duke of Cambridge.jpg 24 February 1774
Buckingham Palace, London
son of King George III and Queen Charlotte 		18 June 1818
Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
3 children		8 July 1850
Cambridge House, London
aged 76
Prince George
House of Hanover
1850–1904		 George 2nd Cambridge.png 26 March 1819
Cambridge House, Hanover
son of Prince Adolphus and Princess Augusta 		8 January 1847
Sarah Fairbrother
3 children		17 March 1904
London
aged 84
Prince George's marriage to Sarah Fairbrother produced three sons. However, due to the Royal Marriages Act 1772, the marriage was invalid (he had not asked for Queen Victoria's approval to marry) and his children were thus illegitimate and could not succeed to his titles; so, accordingly, all his titles became extinct on his death.

Fifth creation, 2011

Also: Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus (2011)

DukePortraitBirthMarriage(s)Death
Prince William
House of Windsor
2011–present
Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay (2022)		 Prince of Wales in Normandy 2024.jpg 21 June 1982
St Mary's Hospital, London
eldest son of Charles III and Lady Diana Spencer 		29 April 2011
Catherine Middleton
3 children		Living (age 42)

Line of succession

If William becomes king, his titles, including the dukedom, will merge with the crown. However, if he dies before becoming king, then his sons are eligible to inherit the dukedom:

Family tree

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Marlborough (title)</span> Title in the Peerage of England

Duke of Marlborough is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created by Queen Anne in 1702 for John Churchill, 1st Earl of Marlborough (1650–1722), the noted military leader. In historical texts, unqualified use of the title typically refers to the 1st Duke. The name of the dukedom refers to Marlborough in Wiltshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Albemarle</span> Title in the Peerage of England

Earl of Albemarle is a title created several times from Norman times onwards. The word Albemarle is derived from the Latinised form of the French county of Aumale in Normandy, other forms being Aubemarle and Aumerle. It is described in the patent of nobility granted in 1697 by William III to Arnold Joost van Keppel as "a town and territory in the Dukedom of Normandy."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Edinburgh</span> Dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

Duke of Edinburgh, named after the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, is a substantive title that has been created four times since 1726 for members of the British royal family. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of York</span> Title of nobility

Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of English monarchs. The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Duke of Albany. However, King George II and King George III granted the titles Duke of York and Albany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Gloucester</span> Aristocratic title

Duke of Gloucester is a British royal title, often conferred on one of the sons of the reigning monarch. The first four creations were in the Peerage of England and the last in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; the current creation carries with it the subsidiary titles of Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Kent</span> Title in the peerages the United Kingdom

Duke of Kent is a title that has been created several times in the peerages of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, most recently as a royal dukedom for the fourth son of King George V. Since 1942, the title has been held by Prince Edward, a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Athlone</span> Extinct earldom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

The title of Earl of Athlone has been created three times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Hamilton</span> Scottish nobility

Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in April 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that peerage, and as such its holder is the premier peer of Scotland, as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas. The title, the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire, and many places around the world are named after members of the Hamilton family. The ducal family's surname, originally "Hamilton", is now "Douglas-Hamilton". Since 1711, the dukedom has been held together with the Dukedom of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain, and the dukes since that time have been styled Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, along with several other subsidiary titles.

Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family, named after the historic county of Cumberland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Sussex</span> Royal dukedom in the United Kingdom

Duke of Sussex is a substantive title, one of several royal dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It is a hereditary title of a specific rank of nobility in the British royal family. It has been created twice and takes its name from the historic county of Sussex in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Albany</span> Title in British peerage

Duke of Albany is a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on younger sons in the Scottish and later the British royal family, particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Hanover.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Somerset</span> English dukedom

Duke of Somerset, from the county of Somerset, is a title that has been created five times in the peerage of England. It is particularly associated with two families: the Beauforts, who held the title from the creation of 1448, and the Seymours, from the creation of 1547, in whose name the title is still held. The present dukedom is unique, in that the first holder of the title created it for himself in his capacity of Lord Protector of the Kingdom of England, using a power granted in the will of his nephew King Edward VI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alastair Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn</span> British member of the royal family (1914–1943)

Alastair Arthur Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn was a member of the British Royal Family. He was the only child of Prince Arthur of Connaught and Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife. He was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria through his father and a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria through his mother. He was also a descendant of Victoria's paternal uncle and predecessor, William IV, through an illegitimate line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Fife</span> Title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

Duke of Fife is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom that has been created twice, in both cases for the Earl of Fife. In 1889, Lord Fife married Princess Louise, the eldest daughter of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duke of Richmond</span> Title in the Peerage of England

Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Lennox</span> Scottish title

The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the region of the Lennox in western Scotland. It was first created in the 12th century for David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and later held by the Stewart dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Strathearn</span> Scottish noble title

Earl or Mormaer of Strathearn is a title of Scottish nobility, referring to the region of Strathearn in southern Perthshire. Of unknown origin, the mormaers are attested for the first time in a document perhaps dating to 1115. The first known mormaer, Malise I, is mentioned by Ailred of Rievaulx as leading native Scots in the company of King David at the Battle of the Standard, 1138. The last ruler of the Strathearn line was Malise, also Earl of Caithness and Orkney, who had his earldom forfeited by King Edward Balliol. In 1344 it was regranted by King David to Maurice de Moravia, a royal favourite who had a vague claim to the earldom as Malise's nephew and also stepfather.

In the British peerage, a royal duke is a member of the British royal family, entitled to the titular dignity of prince and the style of His Royal Highness, who holds a dukedom. Dukedoms are the highest titles in the British roll of peerage, and the holders of these particular dukedoms are princes of the blood royal. The holders of the dukedoms are royal, not the titles themselves. They are titles created and bestowed on legitimate sons and male-line grandsons of the British monarch, usually upon reaching their majority or marriage. The titles can be inherited but cease to be called "royal" once they pass beyond the grandsons of a monarch. As with any peerage, once the title becomes extinct, it may subsequently be recreated by the reigning monarch at any time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baron Carrickfergus</span> Barony in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

Baron Carrickfergus is a title in the peerage of the United Kingdom, referring to Carrickfergus in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Its current holder, since its creation on 29 April 2011, is William, Prince of Wales, who was granted the title as a personal gift by Elizabeth II, on the day of his marriage to Catherine Middleton. On the same day he was also created Duke of Cambridge and Earl of Strathearn, with his bride becoming "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge" as well as Countess of Strathearn and Baroness Carrickfergus as a result of the marriage. Traditionally, when male members of the British royal family marry, they are granted at least one peerage. Catherine uses the title "Lady Carrickfergus" in a fuller version of her titles and styles, Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales, Countess of Strathearn and Baroness Carrickfergus.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Announcement of Titles: Statement issued by the press secretary to The Queen". The Royal Household. 29 April 2011. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "No. 59798". The London Gazette . 1 June 2011. p. 10297.
  3. ↑ "The city of Cambridge – Modern history | A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3: The City and University of Cambridge (1959)". 1959. pp. 15–29. Archived from the original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  4. ↑ "No. 15429". The London Gazette. 21 November 1801. p. 1403.
  5. ↑ Tim Ross (16 November 2010). "Could William and Kate be the next Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  6. ↑ Richard Eden (12 December 2010). "Royal wedding: Prince William asks the Queen not to make him a duke". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  7. ↑ "The Earl of Wessex-Styles and Titles". The Royal Household. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.