Embo | |
---|---|
Etymology: Enlisted Men's Barrio | |
Country | Philippines |
Region | National Capital Region |
City | Taguig |
First military settlement (Cembo) | 1949 |
Transfer of control to Makati ( de facto ) | January 7, 1986 |
Transfer of control to Taguig ( de jure ) | August 2023 |
Area | |
• Total | 8.838 km2 (3.412 sq mi) |
Population (2020) [1] | |
• Total | 375,016 |
Divisions | |
• Barangays | 10
|
Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
ZIP code | |
Area code | 2 |
Embo (sometimes stylized in all caps), which stands for Enlisted Men's Barrio, refers to a collective term for ten barangays in Taguig, Philippines. [3] [4] [5] The barangays were originally established to house military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). The area was formerly disputed between the cities of Makati and Taguig, [6] as well as the municipality of Pateros. [7] Proclamation No. 2475 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos transferred the jurisdiction of Fort Bonifacio and the Embo barangays to Makati, which was contested by Taguig because it altered Taguig's boundaries without the required plebiscite, which was unconstitutional. From 1986 to 2023, the barangays were under the jurisdiction of Makati. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Taguig and as of August 2023, territorial jurisdiction of the barangays were transferred from Makati to Taguig. [8] [9]
The collective for the Embo barangays were derived from enlisted men's barrios (EMBOs), as the area is originally a settlement for enlisted men serving in the Armed Forces of the Philippines. [10] [11] [12]
Part of the Embo area was formerly known as Mamancat, Masilang, San Nicolas, [13] and Malapadnabato, [14] respectively, all originally part of Pateros. [15] Mamancat was known as a trading hub alongside its more developed neighbor, Aguho (now Barangay Agujo, Pateros) during the Spanish colonial era. [16] San Nicolas, which comprises the present-day western portion of West Rembo, is the location of the Ermita de San Nicolas de Tolentino that was established in 1686 and is believed to be first settled by Chinese traders. [17] Malapadnabato used to be linked to Pasig via an old bridge, [18] while Masilang comprises the present-day South Cembo. [15] The two areas were later placed under the jurisdiction of two separate towns: Masilang became part of San Pedro Macati (modern-day Makati), while Malapadnabato was integrated into Pasig. [19]
At the end of the Philippine–American War, the United States colonial administration established the Fort William McKinley at the center of present-day Metro Manila. During World War II, the military reservation would be used as the headquarters of the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) until the Imperial Japanese military took over it. After the conclusion of the war, the Philippines would be granted full independence by the United States in 1946 but retained control over its military bases. [11]
Fort McKinley would only be turned over to the Philippine government in 1949. The reservation was renamed as Fort Bonifacio and the government made plans to create settlements for military personnel within the vicinity of the installation. [11]
Cembo would be the first settlements among the EMBO barangays to be established, when the first batch of enlisted servicemen from the Infantry Group, Philippine Ground Force from Floridablanca, Pampanga arriving in 1949 to settle in the area. [20] In 1954, East Rembo was established as settlements for Fort Bonifacio-based enlisted men serving in the armed forces upon the authorization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines through the office of General Alfonso Arellano, the Commanding General of Fort Bonifacio. [21]
In 1956, two more settlements would be authorized: [11] West Rembo and Pitogo. [17] [22] In 1957, Comembo, in the site formerly known as Mamancat, would be settled by personnel from the Combat Engineering Group of the Philippine Army. [16] In the same year, the area was reserved for military use. [23]
On October 27, 1965, the area was declared "open to disposition under certain provisions" through Proclamation No. 481, which was issued by President Diosdado Macapagal. [24] Pembo would be established to for personnel of the First Ranger Regiment, who were also known as the Panthers. [25] In 1966, Cembo Annex was separated from Cembo proper and was renamed South Cembo. [26]
On December 11, 1972, two barangays inside the Fort Bonifacio military reservation were established, namely: Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside. [27] [28]
On January 7, 1986, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 2475, which transferred control of the Fort Bonifacio area to the municipal government of Makati and reserved the area for military personnel and their dependents. [29] In 1990, President Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No. 518 to award land titles in the EMBO area to bona fide occupants. [12] [30]
In February 1996, a new barangay named Rizal was created from Pembo through Makati City Ordinance No. 96-010. It was later ratified through a plebiscite held on June 29, 1996. Prior to the creation of Rizal, Pembo was larger than the municipality of Pateros, with a land area of 123 hectares (300 acres) and a population of 65,000 in 1995. [25] [31]
The Fort Bonifacio area and the Embo barangays would be subject of a territorial dispute between the city governments of Taguig and Makati. Taguig filed the case in 1993. In 2022, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that Makati should stop exercising jurisdiction over the Embo barangays although the Makati city government has maintained that will continue to do so until it exhausts all legal remedies and Taguig secures a writ of execution from the Supreme Court. [10]
In April 2023, the Supreme Court of the Philippines has junked the motion for reconsideration that was filed by the City Government of Makati to override the court's earlier decision, siding with Taguig. The Taguig city government has released a statement "welcoming the new Taguigeños", referring to the residents of the affected Embo barangays, and that they would start working on the transition and handover of the Embo barangays. [8] On the dispositive portion of the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruling on December 1, 2021, it reinstated the Writ of Preliminary Injunction dated August 2, 1994 issued by the RTC of Pasig, explicitly referring to Parcels 3 and 4, Psu-2031, comprising Fort Bonifacio, be made permanent insofar as it enjoined the Municipality, now City of Makati, from exercising jurisdiction over, making improvements on, or otherwise treating as part of its territory, Parcels 3 and 4, Psu-2031, comprising Fort Bonifacio. [18] However, the Court did not rule on the ownership of the facilities, including schools and health centers, that were built with Makati funds. The property had been awarded to Makati by the national government through Proclamation No. 1916, which was signed on October 14, 2009. [32]
On November 8, 2023, the Department of the Interior and Local Government released a memo dated October 26, 2023 transferring the control of the Embo barangays to Taguig. [33]
The Embo barangays are constituted as subdivisions of the city of Taguig. [11] [34] These barangays, however, remain part of Makati's 2nd congressional district. [35] Barangays Post Proper Northside, Post Proper Southside, Pitogo, and Rizal are also grouped with other barangays with "Embo" in its name.
Official Seal | Barangay | Makati numbering | Etymology | Population (2020) | Area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cembo | Barangay 25 | Central Enlisted Men's Barrio | 25,049 | 0.22 | |
South Cembo | Barangay 24 | 14,978 | 0.20 | ||
Comembo | Barangay 28 | Combat Enlisted Men's Barrio | 15,805 | 0.27 | |
East Rembo | Barangay 27 | Riverside Enlisted Men’s Barrio | 26,450 | 0.44 | |
West Rembo | Barangay 26 | 29,649 | 0.55 | ||
Pembo | Barangay 29 | Panthers Enlisted Men's Barrio | 44,506 | 0.64 | |
Pitogo | Barangay 23 | From pitogo, a local term for a palm plant [36] | 14,654 | 0.14 | |
Post Proper Northside | Barangay 30 | 57,940 | 2.376 | ||
Post Proper Southside | Barangay 31 | 63,308 | 3.412 | ||
Rizal | Barangay 33 [37] | Named after José Rizal | 44,536 | 0.59 | |
Total population and area | 336,875 | 8.838 |
West Rembo in particular was designated by the local government of Makati as the city's Center of Education and Cultural Affairs. It is the site of Makati's public university, University of Makati. [17] 14 public elementary and secondary schools, now under the administration of the Department of Education's Schools Division Office of Taguig City and Pateros since January 2024, are also based in the Embo barangays. Those schools are as follows: [38]
Most of Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside overlap territories controlled by barangays Fort Bonifacio and Pinagsama, which are home to educational institutions. Fort Bonifacio is home to private institutions, including international schools and the satellite campuses of De La Salle University and University of the Philippines, in Bonifacio Global City, while Pinagsama is home to Enderun Colleges and MINT College in McKinley Hill and Palar Integrated School, a public school already under the jurisdiction of Taguig.
The predominantly Roman Catholic population in the Embo barangays, particularly the areas previously controlled by Makati, is served by five parishes under the Archdiocese of Manila. [39] [40] Conversely, the areas already under the control of Taguig, even before the transfer of Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside to the city, including the Bonifacio Global City and parts of the Bonifacio Capital District, fall under the Diocese of Pasig. [41]
The Mater Dolorosa Parish of the Amigonian Fathers and Brothers in East Rembo was established on September 8, 1987 through a decree by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin. It originally covered the barangays of Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, Comembo, and Pembo. Cembo would later be transferred to the Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish. [42] The Saint John of the Cross Parish would be established for Pembo on August 9, 1991. [43] On June 18, 1992, the Santa Teresita would be established in West Rembo. In 1998, a standalone parish for Comembo was proposed and was realized within the span of two years. [42] The Military Ordinariate of the Philippines also has jurisdiction over the Philippine Army headquarters once claimed by Post Proper Southside and formerly the St. Michael the Archangel Parish in Bonifacio Global City, which is previously a military reservation. [41]
The Pembo locale of Iglesia ni Cristo is located at Barangay Rizal. The headquarters of Victory, an Evangelical Christian church, is located in Bonifacio Global City, Fort Bonifacio, particularly in the area overlapping the Post Proper Northside. Churches of Baptists and Members Church of God International are also found in the Embo barangays.
Makati, officially the City of Makati, is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, known for being one of the leading financial centers in the country. As of 2013, the city has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the Philippines. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati. Makati is also known for being a major cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 629,616 people, making it as the 47th most populous city in the country and ranked as the 43rd most densely populated city in the world with 19,336 inhabitants per square kilometer or 50,080 inhabitants per square mile. In 2023, the 10 Embo barangays were removed from Makati's jurisdiction as a result of the Makati–Taguig boundary dispute ruling, resulting in a reduction of the city's population to about 292,743. The daytime population of the city is estimated to be more than three million during a typical working day because of the large number of people who go to the city to work, shop, and do business.
Pateros, officially the Municipality of Pateros, is the lone municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 65,227 people.
Taguig, officially the City of Taguig, is a coastal city located in eastern shores of Metro Manila. It is the fifth-most populous city in the Philippines with a population of 1.2 million people. The city is one of the Philippines' cultural, financial, high-tech, entertainment and media centers with significant influence on commerce, health care, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Taguig is also an important center for the country's international diplomacy, hosting several embassies. The city also home to the headquarters of several major multinational corporations. Taguig has the fourth largest skyline in the Philippines, with 289 high-rises, 80 of which exceed 100 m (328 ft).
Bonifacio Global City is a central business district and major financial hub located in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is located 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) southeast of the capital city of Manila. The district experienced commercial growth following the sale of a 440 ha military base at Fort Bonifacio by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). The entire district used to be the part of the main Philippine Army camp.
The legislative districts of Makati are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Makati in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second districts.
The legislative district of Pateros–Taguig is the combined representation of the independent municipality of Pateros and eastern part of the highly urbanized city of Taguig in the Congress of the Philippines. The city and municipality are currently represented in the lower house of the Congress through their lone congressional district.
The legislative districts of Taguig are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Taguig in the Congress of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress through its lone congressional district.
The University of Makati, commonly referred to as UMak, is a public, non-sectarian higher education institution in Taguig, Metro Manila. It is managed and operated, administered by the City of Makati, which is subject to ownership dispute with the City of Taguig. It was founded in 1972 by the Makati government as the Makati Polytechnic Community College by virtue of Municipal Resolution No. 242 Ordinance No. 64.
Upper Bicutan is one of the 38 barangays of Taguig, Metro Manila in the Philippines.
J. P. Rizal Avenue, also known as J. P. Rizal Street, is a major local avenue in Makati and Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is a contour collector road on the south bank of the Pasig River that runs east–west from Pateros Bridge at the Taguig–Pateros boundary to its intersection with Zobel Roxas, Delpan, and Tejeron Streets at the Makati–Manila boundary. It is a component of Radial Road 4 (R-4). The avenue was named after the Philippines' national hero, Dr. José P. Rizal.
Kalayaan Avenue is a major east–west route in Makati and Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. For most of its length, it runs parallel to Jose P. Rizal Avenue to the north from East Rembo near Fort Bonifacio to Barangay Singkamas by the border with Santa Ana, Manila. It is interrupted by Bel-Air Village between Rockwell Drive and Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). The avenue east of EDSA is designated as a component of National Route 190 of the Philippine highway network.
The 1910 Fort Bonifacio War Memorial Tunnel is a tunnel that was part of Fort William McKinley, a military base built by the US Military Government of the Philippines in 1902. The tunnel alignment is now part of the Bonifacio Global City district in Taguig and embo barangays in Taguig, and is considered a historical site by the Bases Conversion Development Authority. The main roads near it are C-5 and Kalayaan Avenue.
The Makati Park and Garden, sometimes called Fort Bonifacio Riverside Park and Liwasang Bonifacio by local residents, is an urban riverfront park along the south bank of the Pasig River in Taguig, Philippines. It was created in 2001 as part of the Linear Parks Project of the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission and the park has an area of 35,433 square meters (381,400 sq ft). In the aftermath of the 2021 Supreme Court decision, which was decided in favor of the City of Taguig gaining jurisdiction of Fort Bonifacio and the Embo barangays, ownership and management of the park has been disputed between the cities of Makati and Taguig.
Fort Bonifacio is one of the 38 barangays of Taguig, Philippines. The financial district of Bonifacio Global City, the Fort Bonifacio military camp and the Manila American Cemetery are under the jurisdiction of the barangay.
Post Proper Northside, also known as Post Proper North, Barangay 30, or simply Northside, is one of the 38 barangays of Taguig, Philippines. It is the fourth most populous barangay in the city, with a population of 57,940 according to the 2020 census. It is one of the ten Embo barangays.
Post Proper Southside, also known as Post Proper South, Barangay 31, or simply Southside, is one of the barangays of Taguig, a city in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is one of the ten Embo barangays, and one of the two Inner Fort Bonifacio barangays, the other one being the Post Proper Northside. It was established in 1972 as a barangay under Makati, and its de facto territory consists of multiple exclaves mostly within Palar Village of Barangay Pinagsama and settlements along the Consular Road area between McKinley West of the Bonifacio Capital District and Bonifacio Global City (BGC) in Barangay Fort Bonifacio, Taguig.
The local city governments of Makati and Taguig of the Philippines were involved in a territorial dispute. The cities claimed jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio, which includes the financial district of Bonifacio Global City (BGC) and Enlisted Men’s Barrios (Embo) barangays.
Makati's 2nd congressional district is one of the two legislative districts in Makati. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1998. The district consists of three barangays: Guadalupe Nuevo, Guadalupe Viejo, and Pinagkaisahan. The 10 Embo barangays were formerly part of the district from 1995-2023, when their jurisdiction was transferred from Makati to Taguig in 2023, following the resolution of the territorial dispute between the two cities. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Luis Jose Angel Campos Jr. of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC).
Ususan is one of the 38 barangays of Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.