The Internet in Pakistan has been available since the early 1990s. Pakistan has over 130 million internet users, making it the 7th-largest population of internet users in the world. [1] [2]
Information and communications technology (ICT) is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. In 2001 just 1.3% of the population used the Internet. By 2006 this figure had grown to 6.5% and in 2012 to 10.0%. As of July 2021; the percentage of internet users in Pakistan is 54%, which translates into approximately 118 million citizens having access to internet. [2]
In 2015 Government of Pakistan (GoP) recognised that Telecommunication has become one of the dominant sectors in the economy, contributing to the well-being of society and a major contributor to GDP thus introduced a Telecommunication Policy 2015. The Telecom Policy 2015 aims to facilitate the attainment of an all-embracing national agenda and to transform Pakistan into an economically vibrant, knowledge-based, middle-income country by 2025. [3]
There are over 170 internet service providers in Pakistan [5] offering broadband either over DSL or FTTH. Fiber based home broadband has seen rapid adoption in Pakistan, with less than 70,000 subscribers in 2018, that number has grown to 1.6 million as of June 2024. [4]
High speed broadband is offered by all major ISPs with plans ranging from 10 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s.
Pakistan maintains international connectivity through seven fiber-optic submarine communications cables, with three new cables to be added in the next 2 years. [7] [8] [9]
Operator | Submarine Cable |
---|---|
PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited) |
|
Transworld Associates |
|
Cybernet |
PTCL has a history of engaging in anti-competitive practices since the early 2000s, it has been taken to court several times over predatory pricing and collusion to maintain its monopoly and force competitors out of the broadband market. [11] In 2013, LINKdotNET, a subsidiary of Mobilink (now Jazz) was forced to shut down citing 'market conditions' and transfer all its residential DSL users to PTCL DSL. [12]
Inadequate infrastructure and Tier-1 operators abusing their dominant position are the two primary factors adversely impacting internet speeds, encompassing technology, available backhaul, and international internet bandwidth. This is the primary reason why Pakistan's internet speeds lag behind those of neighbouring countries and even some less developed nations worldwide. [13] With PTCL and TWA sharing a duopoly of internet backhaul by operating majority of the submarine communications cables coming in to the country, both networks engage in anti-competitive behaviour with price gouging and illegal blocking of Tier-2 ISPs that purchase bandwidth through resellers. [14] [15]
In areas where fixed line broadband is not available due to poor infrastructure, LTE based mobile broadband is used. Mobile broadband crossed 100 million subscribers in April 2021. [16]
Starting in 2019, three of the four local mobile networks began rolling out LTE-A and other technological advancements such as 256-QAM and 4x4 MIMO to cell sites across the country, as part of their efforts to improve the user experience for mobile broadband subscribers. [17] [18] [19]
On 22 August 2019, Pakistan became the first South Asian country to test 5G services. The successful tests were conducted by Pakistani telecom operator Zong. [20] [21] [22]
Most Internet usage in Pakistan is still in English. Many Urdu based newspapers maintain an Urdu presence on the web, however, common usage is often done in romanized Urdu. [23]
Major hindrance in providing internet services in Pakistan is acquiring Right of Way from public and private authorities (Owners of Right of Way) Over the last few years, there have been many instances reported to PTA and MoIT&T related to Right-of-Way (RoW) disputes. These have come from telecom operators who cite undue demands from various public bodies (owners of RoW). MoIT&T began a process of consultation with all relevant stakeholders to develop a standard mechanism for addressing the long-standing issue of RoW being faced by telecom operators and has prepared draft RoW rules. The Telecom Authority (PTA) is actively pursuing and participating in finalizing the RoW Rules in the larger interest of the telecom sector. [24]
Pakistan e-commerce industry is worth an estimated US$4 billion. [25] According to the Oxford Dictionary, e-commerce refers to commercial transactions conducted electronically on the internet. [26]
Pakistan's first e-commerce company was started in 2001 with the establishment of Beliscity.pk by Abid Beli. Since then the market has grown steadily until 2012, which was an inflection point in the industry. [27]
In 2018, Government of Pakistan reformulated the Digital Pakistan Policy: one that takes into account its increasingly transformed role across all sectors of socio-economic development; their accelerated digitization, and transformational modernization into integrated components of a holistic knowledge based economy. With this in mind, Ministry of IT & Telecom (MoIT) has formulated this policy document based on a multi-stakeholder model which includes infrastructure development, digitization including e-Agriculture, e-Health, e-Energy, e-Commerce, e-Justice, ICT Education, IoT, FinTech, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics, Cloud Computing and Big Data [28]
Brazil has both modern technologies in the center-south portion, counting with LTE, 3G HSPA, DSL ISDB based Digital TV. Other areas of the country, particularly the North and Northeast regions, lack even basic analog PSTN telephone lines. This is a problem that the government is trying to solve by linking the liberation of new technologies such as WiMax and FTTH) only tied with compromises on extension of the service to less populated regions.
Nepal's telecommunication network has increased over the years significantly, with the number of telephone users reaching 40,789,198 as of 14 May 2019.
Telecommunications in Pakistan describes the overall environment for the mobile telecommunications, telephone, and Internet markets in Pakistan.
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Mobilink was the trade name of Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited (PMCL), a mobile operator in Pakistan providing a range of prepaid and postpaid voice and data telecommunication services to both individual and corporate subscribers. In 2017, Warid Pakistan merged with Mobilink to form Jazz, under which the company now operates. Mobilink's head office was in Islamabad, and its last president and CEO was Aamir Ibrahim, who became the CEO of Jazz.
The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) (Urdu: مقتدرہِ ٹیلی مواصلات پاکستان) is the telecommunication regulator of Pakistan, responsible for the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems and the provision of telecommunication services in Pakistan. Headquartered in Islamabad, PTA also has regional offices located in Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Muzaffarabad, Rawalpindi, Multan and Gilgit.
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Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd., commonly known as PTCL is the national telecommunication company in Pakistan. PTCL provides telephone and internet services nationwide and is the backbone for the country's telecommunication infrastructure. The corporation manages and operates around 2000 telephone exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed-line network. Data and backbone services such as GSM, HSPA+, CDMA, LTE, broadband internet, IPTV, and wholesale are an increasing part of its business.
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WorldCall Telecom Limited is a Pakistani telecommunication and multimedia service provider based in Lahore, Pakistan. It is listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.
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The Special Communications Organization (SCO) (Urdu: خصوصی مواصلاتی تنظیم) is Pakistani public sector organization operated by MoIT&T. SCO plays a role in providing telecommunication services in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan to almost 1.7 million people, a quarter of the total population.
Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited (PMCL), doing business as Jazz, (Urdu: جاز) is Pakistan's largest mobile network and internet services provider formed by the merger of Mobilink and Warid Pakistan.