Los Toldos (Santa Cruz)

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Los Toldos
Location Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Region Patagonia
Coordinates 47°27′00″S68°50′00″W / 47.45000°S 68.83333°W / -47.45000; -68.83333
History
Periods Late Glacial Interstadial and Holocene
Cultures Toldense and Tehuelche

Los Toldos is an archaeological site in Santa Cruz, Argentina,. Evidence has been found there of human activity dating back to nearly 13,000 years ago. It is the namesake of the Toldense culture group.

Contents

Location

The site is located south of the Deseado River, in the Canadon de las Cuevas. [1]

Cave 3

Cave 3 of Los Toldos is located next to a ravine. [a] Human settlement of the cave is dated to around 12,000 years ago. [1] The entrance to the cave is approximately 12 metres (39 ft) wide. [2] A team of specialists and students from the National University of La Plata (UNLP), led by archaeologist Augusto Cárdich  [ es ], excavated twelve archaeological strata in the cave, up to a total depth of two metres (6.6 ft): [3]

Stratigraphy Description [3]
1Corresponds with Tehuelche occupation, although there are few artifacts in this layer.
2There are few artifacts in this layer.
3Numerous lithic artifacts have been uncovered at this layer of the site, indicating extensive use. These include arrowheads/projectile points, scrapers, short scrapers and the bones of guanacos, deer, foxes, rodents and birds.
4–5These layers coincided with a volcanic eruption. A layer of ash exists in these levels, and there are no archaeological remains. This has led them to be called "sterile".
6–7These layers correspond with a culture known as the "Casa Pedra" or "Casapedrenca", characterized by a higher amount of lithic tools, probably meant for hunting guanacos. This culture flourished 7,500 years ago in Patagonia. Many large scrapers and knives were found during the excavations of these layers.
8This layer yielded few lithic artifacts, indicating that the cave was probably uninhabited during the time period associated with it.
9–10These layers provide important information on the Toldense material culture group. Two bifacial points, other triangular and thin spearheads, and a large number of scrapers were found. The artifacts have been radiocarbon dated to between 9,000 and 11,000 years ago. Bones of guanacos, rhea, and horses were identified and found in these layers as well.
11–12These layers contain numerous lithic artifacts, dating from 11,000 to 13,000 years ago. Among these are unifacial points, large shards of stone that were modified to varying degrees, and scrapers. These artifacts indicate that the site was occupied by hunters adapted to the steppe of Patagonia. They hunted horses like Parahippus and camelids such as guanacos. This technological phase favored[ clarification needed ] the later development of Toldense Culture.

See also

Notes

  1. The ravine has a height of 1.90 m, a depth of 22 m, a maximum width of 20 m, and a minimum width of 4 m.

References

  1. 1 2 Podestá, María Mercedes; Raffino, Rodolfo A.; Paunero, Rafael Sebastián; Rolandi, Diana S. (2005). El arte rupestre de Argentina indígena: Patagonia. Grupo Abierto Communicaciones. p. 11. ISBN   978-987-1121-16-8. Archived from the original on 2021-10-29. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
  2. Cárdich Augusto, Lucio Cárdich et Adam Hajduk, Secuencia arqueológica y cronología radiocarbónica de la Cueva 3 de Los Toldos (Santa Cruz, Argentina) , Relaciones de Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, volume VII, pp. 87–122, 1973.
  3. 1 2 Cardich, Augusto (1987). Núñez, L.; Meggers, B. (eds.). "Arqueología de Los Toldos y El Ceibo (Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina)". Estudios Atacameños (in Spanish) (8). Santiago: 98–117. ISSN   0716-0925. JSTOR   25674592.

Further reading