Misima Island

Last updated

Misima Island
Nickname: St. Aignan Island
Misima Island.jpg
Misima Island photo
Papua New Guinea location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Misima Island
Geography
Location Oceania
Coordinates 10°41′S152°43′E / 10.683°S 152.717°E / -10.683; 152.717
Archipelago Louisiade Archipelago
Adjacent to Solomon Sea
Total islands3
Major islands
Area215 km2 (83 sq mi)
Length40 km (25 mi)
Width10 km (6 mi)
Highest elevation1,036 m (3399 ft)
Highest pointMount Koia Tau or Oia Tau First Recorded Ascent:24 December 2016 by Kolbe Bare and two other Misimans
Administration
Province Flag of Milne Bay.svg  Milne Bay
District Samarai-Murua District
LLG [1] Louisiade Rural Local Level Government Area
Island Group Misima Islands
Largest settlement Bwagaoia (pop. 2680)
Demographics
Population19,330 (2014)
Pop. density89.9/km2 (232.8/sq mi)
Ethnic groups Papauans, Austronesians, Melanesians.
Additional information
Time zone
ISO code PG-MBA
Official website www.ncdc.gov.pg
Location within Louisiade Archipelago Karta PG Louisiade isl.PNG
Location within Louisiade Archipelago
Misima Island from space Misima Island.png
Misima Island from space
Misima Mine and Bwagaoia from space Misima Mine.png
Misima Mine and Bwagaoia from space

Misima (formerly called St. Aignan) is a volcanic island in the northwest of Louisiade Archipelago within Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.

Contents

History

Misima Island was inhabited by Austronesians since about 1500 BC. The island was sighted in 1768 by French captain Louis Antoine de Bougainville and explored 1793 by French explorer Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux. Misima island owes its name to Élisabeth-Paul-Édouard de Rossel, which was a lieutenant of the Counter admiral Antoine Bruny d'Entrecasteaux during his journey of scientific exploration. In 1888 the British Empire annexed Misima Island, and it became part of British New Guinea (since 1904 - the Territory of Papua administered by Australia).

Gold was discovered on Misima late in 1888. [2] By March 1889, eighty men were on the island digging for gold, and a storekeeper had set up a business. [3]

Since 1975, Misima belongs to the independent state of Papua New Guinea. A gold and silver mine was opened on the island in 1990, by an international corporation. The mines provided plenty of work for the islanders. however, that mine was officially closed in 2004, because of excessive load on the environment and public health hazards. [4]

Politics

The island is within the Samarai Murua District.

Geography

The island measures 40 km by 10 km and has an area of 214,5 km². It is located some 20 km north of the northwest extreme of the barrier reef of Vanatinai at Isu Raua Raua Island, and 80 km northwest of Vanatinai Island itself.

Misima is mountainous and densely forested. Mt. Koia Tau, at a height of 1,036 meters, is the highest peak of the Louisiade Archipelago.

It was not until 24 December 2016 when Kolbe Bare, a Papua New Guinean geologist, and two Misimans, David Kaliton and Kaliton Ada, made the first recorded ascent to the Top of Oia Tau.[4] It was noted by Kolbe that even though the mountain is close to the sea, Higher altitude vegetation covers the top of the mountain at the time of ascent.

Climate

The local climate is tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds, with a dry season from 1 December to 31 May, and a wet season from 1 June to 30 November. it is usually very humid. Since it is fairly close to the equator, the temperature does not fluctuate much between winter and summer.

Economy

Misima island is known as a mining island. A huge mine operated many years on the island. The mine was a joint venture by Placer Dome Inc (owning 80%) and the state-owned Orogen Minerals Ltd. In March 2012 Barrick closed its post closure monitoring office in Bwagaoia having successfully rehabilitated the mine and mill sites.

Since 2004 when the mine closed, artisanal mining has become a major source of income in the island, with an association Misima Alluvial Gold Mining Association (MAGMA) starting in 2007. Other sources of income, especially for people living on the north coast, are cash crops of coconuts, copra, and cacao. A commercial fisheries project has been proposed, but has not been developed yet.

Demographics

The island has a population of 19,330, spread across 78 villages, Misima is the most heavily populated island in the Louisiade Archipelago. By area, it is the third largest, after Vanatinai and Rossel Island. Since the mines have closed, there are signs of population decrease. people are moving to Alotau for jobs.

Urbanization

The main town of the island and the seat of the district is Bwagaoia, located on the southeast corner of the island. Other villages are Hinauta, Boiou, Gulewa, Bagilina, Liak, Siagara, Eiaus (on the eastern north coast, reachable by road from Bwagaoia), Gulewa and Ewena (on the western north coast), and Bwagabwaga, Gaibobo and Alhoga (on the south coast). [5]

Cities

Village NameWardPopulationCoordinates
Bwagaoia03 Bwagaoia2680 10°40′45″S152°50′47″E / 10.679228°S 152.846404°E / -10.679228; 152.846404
Balmatana30 Baimatana323 10°40′25″S152°51′59″E / 10.673647°S 152.866527°E / -10.673647; 152.866527
Hinauta04 Hinauta509 10°39′49″S152°51′38″E / 10.663595°S 152.860578°E / -10.663595; 152.860578
Lobwa31 Lobwa285 10°39′09″S152°51′10″E / 10.652514°S 152.852762°E / -10.652514; 152.852762
Gigig05 Kaubwaga627 10°38′53″S152°51′04″E / 10.64805°S 152.851101°E / -10.64805; 152.851101
Kaubwaga05 Kaubwaga504 10°38′47″S152°50′53″E / 10.646257°S 152.848137°E / -10.646257; 152.848137
Boiou06 Boiou640 10°37′39″S152°48′54″E / 10.627445°S 152.814962°E / -10.627445; 152.814962
Ginul06 Boiou262 10°37′34″S152°48′17″E / 10.62614°S 152.804615°E / -10.62614; 152.804615
Hopitkahin07 Siagara East862 10°36′39″S152°47′30″E / 10.610698°S 152.791768°E / -10.610698; 152.791768
Kalotawa08 Siagara West1024 10°37′44″S152°45′59″E / 10.629022°S 152.766261°E / -10.629022; 152.766261
Gulewa09 Gulewa768 10°38′16″S152°44′17″E / 10.6379°S 152.738°E / -10.6379; 152.738
Kakamwa09 Gulewa329 10°38′24″S152°43′22″E / 10.64°S 152.7227°E / -10.64; 152.7227
Liak10 Liak1523 10°39′00″S152°42′11″E / 10.65°S 152.703°E / -10.65; 152.703
Bagilina12 Bagilina636 10°39′18″S152°40′29″E / 10.655126°S 152.674738°E / -10.655126; 152.674738
Lalama12 Bagilina578 10°38′58″S152°39′23″E / 10.649457°S 152.656382°E / -10.649457; 152.656382
Ewena13 Ewena516 10°37′19″S152°33′36″E / 10.622°S 152.56°E / -10.622; 152.56
Ebora14 Ebora679 10°37′46″S152°31′30″E / 10.62956°S 152.524873°E / -10.62956; 152.524873
Bwana32 Bwana138 10°39′40″S152°35′18″E / 10.661051°S 152.588471°E / -10.661051; 152.588471
Bwagabwaga15 Bwagabwaga535 10°41′10″S152°42′39″E / 10.686105°S 152.710968°E / -10.686105; 152.710968
Gigimwani16 Awaibi501 10°41′54″S152°41′42″E / 10.698386°S 152.695093°E / -10.698386; 152.695093
Awaibi16 Awaibi252 10°42′08″S152°42′08″E / 10.702186°S 152.70222°E / -10.702186; 152.70222
Bwaeyam16 Awaibi1010 10°42′26″S152°42′54″E / 10.707154°S 152.71499°E / -10.707154; 152.71499
Alhoga17 Alhoga379 10°42′49″S152°44′31″E / 10.713743°S 152.741871°E / -10.713743; 152.741871
Lohola17 Alhoga300 10°42′59″S152°45′19″E / 10.716368°S 152.75533°E / -10.716368; 152.75533
Mwana (Tribes of Eaus River)18 Eaus North888 10°40′30″S152°45′11″E / 10.675°S 152.753°E / -10.675; 152.753
Eaus (Palapa)19 Eaus South980 10°41′46″S152°45′56″E / 10.696203°S 152.765643°E / -10.696203; 152.765643
Abalouna19 Eaus South564 10°41′48″S152°46′41″E / 10.696653°S 152.777925°E / -10.696653; 152.777925
Quartz Mountain (Misima mines)02 Narian222 10°41′S152°47′E / 10.69°S 152.79°E / -10.69; 152.79
Narian02 Narian836 10°41′25″S152°48′44″E / 10.690259°S 152.812086°E / -10.690259; 152.812086
Gaibobo20 Gaibobo731 10°41′31″S152°49′13″E / 10.691979°S 152.820156°E / -10.691979; 152.820156

Religion

About half the population identified themselves as members of a Christian church. see Religion in Papua New Guinea for more info.

Language

The main language of the island is also called Misiman , though many residents speak English and also Tok Pisin as a third language.

Culture

Education

Transportation

Misima Airport Closed. Only Means of transportation out of the island is by sea. News article https://www.postcourier.com.pg/png-air-suspends-all-flight-to-and-from-misima-airport/ Update: 3Million KINA airport upgrade https://www.thenational.com.pg/k3-million-for-misima-airport-upgrade/ locals still traveling by sea date 3rd of January 2024. (Misima has a working airport ( IATA : MIS, ICAO : AYMM) (four flights weekly to the mainland (POM via Alotau) through Airlines of Papua New Guinea, and one charter run by Porgera Joint Venture), a high school (grades 7-12), a small market, a few small stores and a clinic/hospital, a post office,--all of which are located in Bwagaoia. There are ferries from Alotau which service Misima Island, costing around K100 (update 2024: K150-K200)and taking 17 (17-19) hours.

Flora and fauna

The following mammals are present on Misima Island:

Other animals:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louisiade Archipelago</span> Archipelago of Papua New Guinea

The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux</span> French naval officer, explorer and colonial governor

Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni, chevalier d'Entrecasteaux was a French naval officer, explorer and colonial governor. He is perhaps best known for his exploration of the Australian coast in 1792, while searching for the La Pérouse expedition. Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux is commonly referred to simply as Bruni d'Entrecasteaux or Bruny d'Entrecasteaux, each of which is a compound surname.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milne Bay Province</span> Place in Papua New Guinea

Milne Bay is a province of Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Alotau. The province covers 14,345 km² of land and 252,990 km² of sea, within the province there are more than 600 islands, about 160 of which are inhabited. The province has about 276,000 inhabitants, speaking about 48 languages, most of which belong to the Eastern Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. Economically the province is dependent upon tourism, oil palm, and gold mining on Misima Island; in addition to these larger industries there are many small-scale village projects in cocoa and copra cultivation. The World War II Battle of Milne Bay took place in the province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tagula Island</span>

Vanatinai Island is a volcanic island in the south-east of the Louisiade Archipelago within Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The reef-fringed island is approximately 360 kilometres south-east of New Guinea and 30 kilometres south of Misima. With an area of 830 square kilometres, it is the largest island of the archipelago. Tagula town, the main settlement, is located on the north-west coast. The population was 3628 as of 2014. The principal export is copra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solomon Sea</span> A sea in the Pacific Ocean between Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands

The Solomon Sea is a sea located within the Pacific Ocean. It lies between Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Many major battles were fought there during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rossel Island</span> Island in Papua New Guinea

Rossel Island is the easternmost island of the Louisiade Archipelago, within the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. Tree Islet is situated 1.5 miles to the north-west, while Wule Island is situated 1.5 miles westward.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mining in Papua New Guinea</span>

Mining in Papua New Guinea is an important part of the Papua New Guinea economy.

Sideia Island is an island in the Louisiade Archipelago in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinon's imperial pigeon</span> Species of bird

Pinon's imperial pigeon or Pinon imperial pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in New Guinea. The species is named after Rose de Freycinet née Pinon. Several subspecies have been designated:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panniet naked-backed fruit bat</span> Species of bat

The Panniet naked-backed fruit bat, also known as the De Vis's Bare-backed Fruit Bat and Panaeati Bare-backed Fruit Bat, is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It roosts in groups, within caves and tree hollows.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deboyne Islands</span>

The Deboyne Islands are an atoll, composed of a group of reefs and islands in the north of the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea.

The Calvados Chain are a group of islands in the Solomon Sea, belonging to Papua New Guinea within the Louisiade Archipelago.

The Renard Islands are an archipelago in the Solomon Sea. Politically they belong to Milne Bay Province in the southeastern region of Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strathord Islands</span> Island group in Papua New Guinea

The Strathord Islands are an uninhabited island group of five islands in the Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. Politically they belong to the province of Milne Bay in the southeastern region of Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yeina Island</span>

Yeina Island is an island of volcanic origin in the Southeast Louisiade Archipelago in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

<i>Toxicocalamus</i> Genus of snakes

Toxicocalamus is a genus of snakes in the family Elapidae. The genus is endemic to New Guinea.

The Louisiade imperial pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae found in Milne Bay Province in Papua New Guinea. It is found on Goodenough and Fergusson islands in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands and Misima, Tagula and Rossel islands in the Louisiade Islands. The species was previously considered conspecific with Pinon's imperial pigeon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duperre Islands</span>

Bramble Haven is an atoll in the Louisiade Archipelago. Its islands on the northern section are grouped as the Duperre Islands.

The Louisiade Rural LLG is a local level government in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The LLG is situated in the Louisiade Archipelago. At the 2011 census, it contained 23,335 residents living in 4,542 households. The LLG president is Benjamin Kuli. It launched its own microfinance scheme in December 2016.

References

  1. LLG map
  2. Nelson, Hank (1976) Black, white & gold: goldmining in Papua New Guinea, 1878-1930, Canberra, Australian National University Press, p.28. ISBN   0708104878
  3. Nelson, p.28
  4. Official Web Site of the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea [ permanent dead link ]
  5. http://rspas.anu.edu.au/lmg/masp/workingpapers/05/MIL_05_16_01.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]