O'Brien County, Iowa

O'Brien County
County
O'Brien County Courthouse
Location within the U.S. state of Iowa
Iowa's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 43°04′53″N95°37′34″W / 43.081388888889°N 95.626111111111°W / 43.081388888889; -95.626111111111
Country	United States
State	Iowa
Founded	January 15, 1851 [1]
Named for	William Smith O'Brien
Seat	Primghar
Largest city	Sheldon
Area
• Total	573 sq mi (1,480 km2)
• Land	573 sq mi (1,480 km2)
• Water	0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)  0.03%
Population  (2020)
• Total	14,182
• Density	25/sq mi (9.6/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	4th
Website	obriencounty.iowa.gov

O'Brien County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 14,182. ^[2] The county seat is Primghar. ^[3]

History

By the time Iowa attained statehood (December 28, 1848), its Territorial Legislature had created 44 counties. On January 15, 1851, the new State Legislature created another 49 counties, defining them by lines of survey. O'Brien was among the 49 units thus created. ^[1] It consists of four survey townships, each formed by 36 square miles arranged in a 6x6 layout, for a nominal 576 square miles total area. The county was named for William Smith O'Brien, a leader for Irish independence in 1848. ^[4]

The new county's first settler arrived in 1856; Hannibal H. Waterman brought his wife and a daughter to the southeast portion (present Waterman Township). His homestead formed the nucleus of the county's first community, and a small building was erected there to function as a courthouse.

By 1872 the county comprised several small communities, and residents of those groups felt the county's business should be conducted in a more central location. An election was held, the outcome of which was to create a new county seat at its midpoint. A 40-acre (16-hectare) tract at the center of the county was surveyed and platted; its name (Primghar) was created from the initials of eight persons involved with the platting. The previous courthouse building was transported to this new location. ^[5]

In 1874 a 35-foot square building was erected on the present location at a cost of $2,000, to replace the first structure. It was replaced in 1887 by a larger structure. The County Board of Supervisors authorized its construction, at a cost not to exceed $5,000 (the maximum amount the county was authorized to commit). To keep within this limit, members of the new community agreed to haul the building materials without charge from railroad stops at Sanborn and Paullina. The present courthouse was completed in 1917, ^[6] and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 573 square miles (1,480 km²), of which 573 square miles (1,480 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km²) (0.03%) is water. ^[7]

Major highways

• U.S. Highway 18
• U.S. Highway 59
• Iowa Highway 10
• Iowa Highway 60
• Iowa Highway 143

Adjacent counties

• Osceola County - north
• Clay County - east
• Cherokee County - south
• Sioux County - west

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	383		—
1870	715		86.7%
1880	4,155		481.1%
1890	13,060		214.3%
1900	16,985		30.1%
1910	17,262		1.6%
1920	19,051		10.4%
1930	18,409		−3.4%
1940	19,293		4.8%
1950	18,970		−1.7%
1960	18,840		−0.7%
1970	17,522		−7.0%
1980	16,972		−3.1%
1990	15,444		−9.0%
2000	15,102		−2.2%
2010	14,398		−4.7%
2020	14,182		−1.5%
2023 (est.)	14,012	[8]	−1.2%
US Decennial Census [9] 1790-1960 [10] 1900-1990 [11] 1990-2000 [12] 2010-2018 [13]

Population of O'Brien County from US census data

2020 census

2022 US Census population pyramid for O'Brien County from ACS 5-year estimates

The 2020 census recorded a population of 14,182 in the county, with a population density of 24.8184/sq mi (9.5824/km²). 95.42% of the population reported being of one race. There were 6,524 housing units, of which 5,861 were occupied. ^[2]

O'Brien County Racial Composition ^[14]

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (NH)	12,609	89%
Black or African American (NH)	159	1.12%
Native American (NH)	39	0.3%
Asian (NH)	79	0.6%
Pacific Islander (NH)	11	0.07%
Other/Mixed (NH)	300	2.12%
Hispanic or Latino	985	7%

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, ^[15] there were 14,398 people, 6,069 households, and 3,927 families in the county. The population density was 25.1239/sq mi (9.7004/km²). There were 6,649 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile (4.2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.0% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.1% American Indian, 0.6% Asian, 2.0% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. The county has a 3.8% Hispanic or Latino background.

There were 6,069 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 33.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.89.

The county population contained 25.7% under the age of 20, 4.6% from 20 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females there were 95.80 males. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,018, and the median income for a family was $58,127. The per capita income for the county was $24,771. About 6.3% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. ^[16]

Communities

Cities

• Archer
• Calumet
• Hartley
• Paullina
• Primghar
• Sanborn
• Sheldon
• Sutherland

Unincorporated communities

• Gaza
• Germantown
• Moneta

Townships

• Baker Township
• Caledonia Township
• Carroll Township
• Center Township
• Dale Township
• Floyd Township
• Franklin Township
• Grant Township
• Hartley Township
• Highland Township
• Liberty Township
• Lincoln Township
• Omega Township
• Summit Township
• Union Township
• Waterman Township

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of O'Brien County. ^[2]

†county seat

Rank	City/Town/etc.	Municipal type	Population (2020 Census)
1	Sheldon (partially in Sioux County )	City	5,251 (5,512 total)
2	Hartley	City	1,605
3	Sanborn	City	1,392
4	Paullina	City	982
5	† Primghar	City	896
6	Sutherland	City	629
7	Calumet	City	146
8	Archer	City	117

Politics

O'Brien County is one of the most consistently Republican counties in Iowa. It has backed the Republican nominee in all but five elections in its history; its inaugural election in 1860, a tie in 1864, backing former Republican turned Progressive Theodore Roosevelt in 1912, and supporting Franklin D. Roosevelt during his two nationwide landslides in 1932 and 1936. Since 1952, the Republican candidate has carried O'Brien County by a margin of at least 20% in every election except for 1964, when Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson only lost the county by 41 votes amidst a nationwide Democratic landslide. In the 21st century, all Republican candidates have obtained over 65% of the county's vote, and beginning in 2012, at least 70% of the vote.

United States presidential election results for O'Brien County, Iowa ^[17]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	5,998	79.71%	1,428	18.98%	99	1.32%
2020	5,861	77.62%	1,569	20.78%	121	1.60%
2016	5,752	77.67%	1,315	17.76%	339	4.58%
2012	5,266	71.73%	1,969	26.82%	106	1.44%
2008	4,894	66.74%	2,338	31.88%	101	1.38%
2004	5,328	68.92%	2,330	30.14%	73	0.94%
2000	4,674	66.35%	2,170	30.81%	200	2.84%
1996	3,877	57.56%	2,236	33.20%	622	9.24%
1992	3,869	51.06%	2,122	28.00%	1,587	20.94%
1988	4,241	59.97%	2,768	39.14%	63	0.89%
1984	5,008	66.16%	2,479	32.75%	82	1.08%
1980	4,937	63.61%	2,210	28.48%	614	7.91%
1976	4,643	61.86%	2,732	36.40%	131	1.75%
1972	5,159	68.87%	2,224	29.69%	108	1.44%
1968	5,594	69.34%	2,146	26.60%	328	4.07%
1964	4,336	50.20%	4,295	49.73%	6	0.07%
1960	6,509	68.66%	2,967	31.30%	4	0.04%
1956	6,138	67.32%	2,970	32.57%	10	0.11%
1952	7,130	76.18%	2,192	23.42%	38	0.41%
1948	3,697	50.46%	3,421	46.70%	208	2.84%
1944	4,033	56.01%	3,138	43.58%	30	0.42%
1940	4,760	53.30%	4,133	46.28%	38	0.43%
1936	3,350	38.90%	5,139	59.67%	123	1.43%
1932	3,213	40.94%	4,503	57.38%	132	1.68%
1928	4,845	66.39%	2,397	32.84%	56	0.77%
1924	4,172	58.47%	756	10.60%	2,207	30.93%
1920	5,137	76.51%	1,468	21.86%	109	1.62%
1916	2,021	52.53%	1,787	46.45%	39	1.01%
1912	620	16.02%	1,506	38.91%	1,744	45.06%
1908	1,912	57.69%	1,326	40.01%	76	2.29%
1904	2,279	68.94%	885	26.77%	142	4.30%
1900	2,386	61.16%	1,461	37.45%	54	1.38%
1896	2,421	60.10%	1,562	38.78%	45	1.12%

See also

• Iowa portal

Indian Village Site on the NRHP

• National Register of Historic Places listings in O'Brien County, Iowa
• Indian Village Site in the Witrock Area

References

1. Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer, (New York:Columbia University Press, 1952), p. 1363
2. "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". census.gov. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
4. Chicago and North Western Railway Company (1908). A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways. p. 162.
5. About O'Brien County (O'Brien County website; accessed 1 June 2020)
6. "O'Brien County Courthouse". Iowa Judicial Branch. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
7. "US Gazetteer files". US Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
8. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
9. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
10. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
11. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
12. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
13. "State & County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
14. "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – O'Brien County, Iowa".
15. "US Census website". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
16. "Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State – County". US Census Bureau/American FactFinder. Retrieved March 26, 2011.^{[ dead link ‍]}
17. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 27, 2018.

External links

• O'Brien County Portal style website, Government, Business, Tourism and more
• IaGenWeb O'Brien county history, Biographies, and more
• City-Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about O'Brien County

43°04′53″N95°37′34″W / 43.08139°N 95.62611°W / 43.08139; -95.62611