PLCD3

PLCD3
Identifiers
Aliases	PLCD3 , PLC-delta-3, phospholipase C delta 3
External IDs	OMIM: 608795 MGI: 107451 HomoloGene: 14858 GeneCards: PLCD3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	45,133,354 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	102,992,484 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gastric mucosa; ; right coronary artery; ; ascending aorta; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; right adrenal gland; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; rectum; ; left ventricle; ; amygdala; ; sural nerve;
	Top expressed in
	otolith organ; ; utricle; ; morula; ; lip; ; sciatic nerve; ; esophagus; ; spinal ganglia; ; urethra; ; outer nuclear layer; ; cervix;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hydrolase activity ; signal transducer activity ; metal ion binding ; phosphoric diester hydrolase activity ; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity ; protein binding ;
Cellular component	cytosol ; plasma membrane ; cleavage furrow ; membrane ; cytoplasm ; intracellular anatomical structure ;
Biological process	angiogenesis ; lipid catabolic process ; intracellular signal transduction ; labyrinthine layer blood vessel development ; inositol phosphate metabolic process ; regulation of cell population proliferation ; lipid metabolism ; signal transduction ; inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	113026
	72469
	ENSG00000161714
	ENSMUSG00000020937
	Q8N3E9
	Q8K2J0
	NM_133373
	NM_152813 ; NM_001361706
	NP_588614
	NP_690026 ; NP_001348635
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated August 13, 2023

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD3 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃). Diacylglycerol and IP₃ mediate a variety of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli by inducing protein kinase C and increasing cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations. This enzyme localizes to the plasma membrane and requires calcium for activation. Its activity is inhibited by spermine, sphingosine, and several phospholipids.^[7]

Related Research Articles

Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to hexaphosphorylated inositols. Each form of inositol phosphate is distinguished by the number and position of the phosphate group on the inositol ring.

Phosphoinositide phospholipase C is a family of eukaryotic intracellular enzymes that play an important role in signal transduction processes. These enzymes belong to a larger superfamily of Phospholipase C. Other families of phospholipase C enzymes have been identified in bacteria and trypanosomes. Phospholipases C are phosphodiesterases.

G_q protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the G_q/11 (G_q/G₁₁) family or G_q/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as G_q alpha, G_αq, or G_qα. G_q proteins couple to G protein-coupled receptors to activate beta-type phospholipase C (PLC-β) enzymes. PLC-β in turn hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) to diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP₃). IP₃ acts as a second messenger to release stored calcium into the cytoplasm, while DAG acts as a second messenger that activates protein kinase C (PKC).

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITPR1 gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCG2 gene.

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 1(SHIP1) is an enzyme with phosphatase activity. SHIP1 is structured by multiple domain and is encoded by the INPP5D gene in humans. SHIP1 is expressed predominantly by hematopoietic cells but also, for example, by osteoblasts and endothelial cells. This phosphatase is important for the regulation of cellular activation. Not only catalytic but also adaptor activities of this protein are involved in this process. Its movement from the cytosol to the cytoplasmic membrane, where predominantly performs its function, is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the intracellular chains of cell surface receptors that SHIP1 binds. Insufficient regulation of SHIP1 leads to different pathologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phospholipase C</span> Class of enzymes

Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly taken to be synonymous with the human forms of this enzyme, which play an important role in eukaryotic cell physiology, in particular signal transduction pathways. Phospholipase C's role in signal transduction is its cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) into diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃), which serve as second messengers. Activators of each PLC vary, but typically include heterotrimeric G protein subunits, protein tyrosine kinases, small G proteins, Ca²⁺, and phospholipids.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phospholipase beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB1 gene.

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3CB gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB2 gene.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3 (PKD3) or PKC-nu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKD3 gene.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKACB gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB3 gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD1 gene. PLCd1 is essential to maintain homeostasis of the skin.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 (PLCE1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCE1 gene. This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme (PLCE1) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to generate two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Mutations in this gene cause early-onset nephrotic syndrome and have been associated with respiratory chain deficiency with diffuse mesangial sclerosis.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR1B gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD4 gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB4 gene.

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing gamma polypeptide is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3C2G gene.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2, also known as ITPR2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ITPR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is both a receptor for inositol triphosphate and a calcium channel.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000161714 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020937 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Kim H, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Park SH (Apr 2000). "Assignment of the human PLC delta3 gene (PLCD3) to human chromosome band 17q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 87 (3–4): 209–10. doi:10.1159/000015469. PMID 10702670. S2CID 87171791.
↑ Ghosh S, Pawelczyk T, Lowenstein JM (Mar 1997). "Phospholipase C isoforms delta 1 and delta 3 from human fibroblasts. High-yield expression in Escherichia coli, simple purification, and properties". Protein Expression and Purification. 9 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1006/prep.1996.0682. PMID 9056492.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: PLCD3 phospholipase C, delta 3".

Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, Idziorek T, Autran B, Bismuth G (Dec 1990). "Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 86 (6): 2117–24. doi:10.1172/JCI114950. PMC 329852 . PMID 1979339.
Zauli G, Previati M, Caramelli E, Bassini A, Falcieri E, Gibellini D, Bertolaso L, Bosco D, Robuffo I, Capitani S (Sep 1995). "Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein selectively stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nuclear pathway in the Jurkat T cell line". European Journal of Immunology. 25 (9): 2695–700. doi:10.1002/eji.1830250944. PMID 7589147. S2CID 20562627.
Chen P, Mayne M, Power C, Nath A (Sep 1997). "The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (36): 22385–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385 . PMID 9278385.
Pawełczyk T, Matecki A (1998). "Expression, purification and kinetic properties of human recombinant phospholipase C delta 3". Acta Biochimica Polonica. 44 (2): 221–9. doi: 10.18388/abp.1997_4417 . PMID 9360711.
Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, Rana F, Nath A, Power C (1998). "HIV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha: implications for HIV-induced neurological disease". Neuroimmunomodulation. 5 (3–4): 184–92. doi:10.1159/000026336. PMID 9730685. S2CID 19529677.
Pawelczyk T, Matecki A (Oct 1998). "Localization of phospholipase C delta3 in the cell and regulation of its activity by phospholipids and calcium". European Journal of Biochemistry. 257 (1): 169–77. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570169.x . PMID 9799116.
Pawelczyk T, Matecki A (Jun 1999). "Phospholipase C-delta3 binds with high specificity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid in bilayer membranes". European Journal of Biochemistry. 262 (2): 291–8. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00388.x . PMID 10336610.
Haughey NJ, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD (Oct 1999). "Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat". Journal of Neurochemistry. 73 (4): 1363–74. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x . PMID 10501179. S2CID 25410140.
Mayne M, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD (Jun 2000). "Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages". Journal of Immunology. 164 (12): 6538–42. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6538 . PMID 10843712.
Lin FG, Cheng HF, Lee IF, Kao HJ, Loh SH, Lee WH (Aug 2001). "Downregulation of phospholipase C delta3 by cAMP and calcium". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 286 (2): 274–80. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5371. PMID 11500033.
Ananthanarayanan B, Das S, Rhee SG, Murray D, Cho W (Feb 2002). "Membrane targeting of C2 domains of phospholipase C-delta isoforms". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (5): 3568–75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109705200 . PMID 11706040.
Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ohara O (Dec 2001). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XXII. The complete sequences of 50 new cDNA clones which code for large proteins". DNA Research. 8 (6): 319–27. doi: 10.1093/dnares/8.6.319 . PMID 11853319.
Bennasser Y, Badou A, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E (Nov 2002). "Signaling pathways triggered by HIV-1 Tat in human monocytes to induce TNF-alpha". Virology. 303 (1): 174–80. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1676 . PMID 12482669.
Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM (Jul 2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Research. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148 . PMID 15231748.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000161714 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020937 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10702670-5] Kim H, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Park SH (Apr 2000). "Assignment of the human PLC delta3 gene (PLCD3) to human chromosome band 17q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 87 (3–4): 209–10. doi:10.1159/000015469. PMID 10702670. S2CID 87171791.

[pmid9056492-6] Ghosh S, Pawelczyk T, Lowenstein JM (Mar 1997). "Phospholipase C isoforms delta 1 and delta 3 from human fibroblasts. High-yield expression in Escherichia coli, simple purification, and properties". Protein Expression and Purification. 9 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1006/prep.1996.0682. PMID 9056492.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: PLCD3 phospholipase C, delta 3".

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v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

PLCD3

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading