1228

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1228 in poetry
1228 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1228
MCCXXVIII
Ab urbe condita 1981
Armenian calendar 677
ԹՎ ՈՀԷ
Assyrian calendar 5978
Balinese saka calendar 1149–1150
Bengali calendar 635
Berber calendar 2178
English Regnal year 12  Hen. 3  – 13  Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar 1772
Burmese calendar 590
Byzantine calendar 6736–6737
Chinese calendar 丁亥年 (Fire  Pig)
3924 or 3864
    — to —
戊子年 (Earth  Rat)
3925 or 3865
Coptic calendar 944–945
Discordian calendar 2394
Ethiopian calendar 1220–1221
Hebrew calendar 4988–4989
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1284–1285
 - Shaka Samvat 1149–1150
 - Kali Yuga 4328–4329
Holocene calendar 11228
Igbo calendar 228–229
Iranian calendar 606–607
Islamic calendar 625–626
Japanese calendar Antei 2
(安貞２年)
Javanese calendar 1136–1137
Julian calendar 1228
MCCXXVIII
Korean calendar 3561
Minguo calendar 684 before ROC
民前684年
Nanakshahi calendar −240
Thai solar calendar 1770–1771
Tibetan calendar 阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
1354 or 973 or 201
    — to —
阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
1355 or 974 or 202
Death of Isabella II (1212-1228) DeathofYolande-Isabella.jpg
Death of Isabella II (1212–1228)

Year 1228 ( MCCXXVIII ) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents

Events

By place

Sixth Crusade

  • Summer – Emperor Frederick II sails from Brindisi with a expeditionary force, and arrives in Acre in the Middle East on September 7. He disembarks a well-trained and equipped Crusader army (some 10,000 men and 2,000 knights). After his arrival in Palestine, Frederick is again excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX, for setting out for the Crusade before he has obtained absolution from his previous ex-communication (see 1227). Many of the local nobility, the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller deny him their support for the Crusade. Frederick can only rely on his own army and the Teutonic Knights, whose Grand Master, Hermann von Salza, is his friend. [1]
  • Autumn – Frederick II receives an embassy of Sultan Al-Kamil, including Fakhr al-Din ibn as-Shaikh, at the Hospitaller camp at Recordane, near Acre. Meanwhile, Al-Kamil is engaged in suppressing a rebellion in Syria and has concentrated his forces on a siege at Damascus. Frederick is pressed for time, because his army is not large enough for a major campaign. Al-Kamil, who has full control of Jerusalem, starts diplomatic negotiations. [2]
  • November – Frederick II puts pressure on the negotiations by a military display. He assembles his Crusader army and marches down the coast to Jaffa – which he proceeds to refortify. At the same moment, Ayyubid forces under An-Nasir Dawud, who are not participating in the revolt at Damascus, move to Nablus, to intercept Al-Kamil's supply lines. Al-Kamil breaks off the negotiations, saying that the Crusaders have pillaged several Muslim villages, and only resumes them again when Frederick pays out compensation to the victims. [3]

Europe

Asia

By topic

Cities and Towns

Markets

  • The city of Tournai emits its first recorded life annuity, thus confirming a trend of consolidation of public debts started ten years earlier, in Reims. [7]
  • The first evidence is uncovered of the use of the Knights Templar as cashiers by King Henry III of England, to safely transfer important sums to the continent, using letters of exchange. This shows that large transfers could take place across Europe, even before the emergence of important networks of Italian merchant-bankers. [8]

Religion

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

The 1190s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1190, and ended on December 31, 1199.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1220</span> Calendar year

Year 1220 (MCCXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1229</span> Calendar year

Year 1229 (MCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1248</span> Calendar year

Year 1248 (MCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1221</span> Calendar year

Year 1221 (MCCXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1225</span> Calendar year

Year 1225 (MCCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1227</span> Calendar year

Year 1227 (MCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

The 1210s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1210, and ended on December 31, 1219.

The 1220s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1220, and ended on December 31, 1229.

The 1230s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1230, and ended on December 31, 1239.

The 1240s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1240, and ended on December 31, 1249.

1291 Calendar year

Year 1291 (MCCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

1271 Calendar year

Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

1217 Calendar year

Year 1217 (MCCXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1218</span> Calendar year

Year 1218 (MCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1219</span> Year 1219 in the Gregorian calendar

Year 1219 (MCCXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1210</span> Calendar year

Year 1210 (MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1190</span> Calendar year

Year 1190 (MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1197</span> Calendar year

Year 1197 (MCXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1231</span> Calendar year

Year 1231 (MCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

References

  1. ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 154. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
  2. ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 156. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
  3. ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 156. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
  4. ↑ Linehan, Peter (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–699 [672]. ISBN   0-521-36289-X.
  5. ↑ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN   2-7068-1398-9.
  6. ↑ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, p. 124. London: reaktion Books. ISBN   1-780-23030-3.
  7. ↑ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN   978-9-00417565-5.
  8. ↑ Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1): 1–17. doi:10.2307/1832571. JSTOR   1832571.
  9. ↑ "Conrad IV | king of Germany". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
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