Chinchaypujio District

Last updated
Chinchaypujio
Chinchay Pukyu
Chinchaypujio Town Aerial Shot with Drone.jpg
Flag of Cusco (2021).svg
Peru location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Chinchaypujio
Map of Chinchaypujio and its 9 communities with the Apurimac River in the Cusco Region
Coordinates: 13°37′48.2″S72°13′58.6″W / 13.630056°S 72.232944°W / -13.630056; -72.232944
Country Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Region Flag of Cusco (1978-2021).svg Cusco
Province Flag of Cusco (1978-2021).svg Anta
FoundedOctober 1, 1941
Capital Chinchay Pukyu
Government
   Mayor (Alcalde)Franklin Estrada Gallegos
Area
  Total390.58 km2 (150.80 sq mi)
Elevation
3,105 m (10,187 ft)
Population
  Total5,521
  Density14/km2 (37/sq mi)
Time zone UTC-5 (PET)
UBIGEO 080304
Website https://www.facebook.com/Municipalidad-Distrital-de-Chinchaypujio-367758549965836/

Chinchaypujio (from Quechua Chinchay Pukyu,"Oncilla Spring"; colloquially "Chincha") is one of nine districts of the Anta Province in Peru and about 2 hours outside of Cusco. [1] Its capital, Chinchaypujio, hosts a weekly market (Mercado Ferial de Chinchaypujio) [2] as well as the regional government. The district is home to 9 communities: Chinchaypujio, Ocra, Paucarccoto, Parcotica, Waccahualla, Huancancalla, Sumaru, Pantipata and Huamumayo. [3] In its southernmost part, the Apurímac River crosses the district; a major trade road connecting the Cuzco Department with the Department of Apurímac crosses through the entire district from north to south. [4]

Contents

Geography

The district of Chinchaypujio has a 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) altitude spread from south to north; hence, the district is home to multiple climate zones. In the south, the Apurímac River runs at 2,200-metre (7,200 ft) elevation [5] where Banana Isla Maleño and other tropical fruit can be grown, [6] in the north, the Wintanayuq peak sits at approximately 4,200 m (13,800 ft), above the Tree line. Other mountains are listed below: [7]

Agriculture

Llamas and Alpacas in Chinchaypujio, waiting to be led to their grazing grounds. Llamas-alpacas-ocra-chinchaypujio-herding-corrall.jpg
Llamas and Alpacas in Chinchaypujio, waiting to be led to their grazing grounds.

The local culture is strongly shaped by its Agrarian and Herding activities by farming families, which account for a majority of the local economy. The animals herded in the highlands of Chinchaypujio are the regionally native Llamas and Alpacas, as well as imported Sheep, Cattle, Chicken and Horses. [8] Grazing grounds are often more than an hour away from the farm or herding corrall; most local shepherds need to do two round trips per day to bring the animals to and from the grazing grounds. A specialty of the region are the Andes-native Guinea pigs that are bred as livestock, as they have been for hundreds of years.

In the highlands, crops are being grown in a variety of sloped and flat fields. They are mostly Tuber plants - approximately 40 species of Potatoes (Olluco, Maswa and Añu among others). [9] Secondary crops include Quinoa, Wheat, Beans, Tarwi, Maize and Barley. The rugged terrain makes the use of mechanised agriculture impossible in many areas, so fields are traditionally ploughed by human labor alone, or with the assistance of horses. The flour generated from some of the crop is used in a traditional sweetened breakfast drink, similar to Oatmeal, which is sometimes mixed with coffee. A popular locally produced drink is Chicha, a sweet corn beer.

In the Apurimac basin and adjacent lowlands, higher temperatures enable plantations of Bananas, Papayas, Avocados [10] and other more tropical crops for agriculture.

Culture

Chinchaypujio is home to many festivities throughout the year; many of them featuring parades and dances with colorful costumes. Behind each type of costume and character in the parade is an involved history, often a response to tragic events in the form of a costume that parodies the historical predecessor. Each Dance troupe organizes themselves, represents one kind of costume, and is led by a Caporal and president.

Chincha's communities are actively committed to protecting their Quechua, natural and agricultural heritage, such as Ocra's efforts in preserving ancestral knowledge. [11] In a competition between 14 countries in Latin America with 300 nominations, a project from Chinchaypujio won the CRESPIAL award for "Protecting [its] Intangible Cultural Heritage" in 2014 for the Culture and Indigenous Rights of the District Municipality of Chinchaypujio. [12]

Costumes and dances in Chinchaypujio

Siqllas Chinchaypujio dancers in Chinchaypujio Siqllas Chinchaypujio Dancers in the Virgen Asunta Parade.jpg
Siqllas Chinchaypujio dancers in Chinchaypujio
Q'apaq Negro and Negrillas dancers in the "Virgen Asunta" parade Qapaq Negro and Negrillas Dancers in Chinchaypujio.jpg
Q'apaq Negro and Negrillas dancers in the "Virgen Asunta" parade
Contra Danzas in a Chinchaypujio parade Contra Danzas in Chinchaypujio.jpg
Contra Danzas in a Chinchaypujio parade

Many of the costumes in Chinchaypujio feature Court dress-style black buckled shoes, a satirical commentary on colonial Aristocracy.

Tourism

Chinchaypujio's rural setting offers Farm stay tourism in Ocra and Paucarccoto through the Quechua School initiative, [16] as well as trekking in the mountains, river rafting in the Apurimac and authentic local experiences including livestock herding. On Sundays, the Mercado Ferial in Chinchaypujio draws crowds from all over the district and as far as Cusco, featuring local foods and goods. The district is also home to the archeological Inca Empire sites of Qollmay and Pumawasi; [17] [18] the town of Chinchaypujio itself contains the Incahuasi archaeological site.

Multiple annual events give rise to district-wide festivities, mostly celebrated in the capital of the district, Chinchaypujio. The largest festival is a 4-day celebration during mid-August to honor the Assumption of Mary, "Virgen Asunta de Chinchaypujio". This festivity includes dances, parties, parades, a small music festival and hosts guests from all over Peru - many of which are people who moved away from Chinchaypujio after high school and return for the festivity and family reunions.

Climate

Chinchaypujio's winters (May–August) are mild and dry, its summers (Nov–Feb) are slightly warmer and much wetter with 162mm of rain, as is usual for this region. [19] Nights can drop below freezing point in the winter. Temperatures vary strongly throughout the district though, due to its altitude spread between the North (mountains) and South (the Apurímac River basin).

Climate data for Chinchaypujio
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high °C19.719.419.620.220.119.619.420.520.321.821.420.120.2
Daily mean °C13131312.711.810.510.411.312.313.813.713.212.4
Average low °C6.46.66.45.33.51.51.42.14.45.86.16.44.7
Average precipitation mm162123108445349265084116734
Average high °F67.566.967.368.468.267.366.968.968.571.270.568.268.3
Daily mean °F55555554.953.250.950.752.354.156.856.755.854.3
Average low °F43.543.943.541.538.334.734.535.839.942.443.043.540.4
Average precipitation inches6.44.84.31.70.20.10.20.41.02.03.34.628.9
Source: Climate-Data.org [20]

Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (91.85%) learnt to speak in childhood, 7.95% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census). [21]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Apurímac</span> Departments of Peru

Apurímac is a department and region in southern-central Peru. It is bordered on the east by the Cusco Region, on the west by the Ayacucho Region, and on the south by the Arequipa and Ayacucho regions. The region's name originates from the Quechua language and means "where the gods speak" in reference to the many mountains of the region that seem to be talking to each other.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Cuzco</span> Departments of Peru

Cusco, also spelled Cuzco, is a department and region in Peru and is the fourth largest department in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abancay</span> Town in Apurímac, Peru

Abancay is a city in southern-central Peru. It is the capital of both the Apurímac Region and the Abancay Province, and serves an important cultural, economic, and political role in Apurímac.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quechua people</span> Ethnic group indigenous to Peru

Quechua people or Quichua people may refer to any of the indigenous peoples of South America who speak the Quechua languages, which originated among the Indigenous people of Peru. Although most Quechua speakers are native to Peru, there are some significant populations in Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabana, Peru</span> City in Ancash, Peru

Cabana is a city in Peru. It is the capital of both the Cabana District and the Province of Pallasca in the Ancash Region of northern Peru. Cabana was founded on January 2, 1857, although human habitation there likely predates arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabana District, Ancash</span> District in Ancash, Peru

Cabana District one of eleven districts of the Pallasca Province in the Ancash Region of northern Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inti Raymi</span> Incan religious festival

The Inti Raymi is a traditional religious ceremony of the Inca Empire in honor of the god Inti, the most venerated deity in Inca religion. It was the celebration of the winter solstice – the shortest day of the year in terms of the time between sunrise and sunset – and the Inca New Year, when the hours of light would begin to lengthen again. In territories south of the equator, the Gregorian months of June and July are winter months. It is held on June 24.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aguas Calientes, Peru</span> Town in Cusco, Peru

Machupicchu or Machupicchu Pueblo, also known as Aguas Calientes, is a location in Peru situated in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province. It is the seat of the Machupicchu District. Machupicchu lies at the Vilcanota River. It is the closest access point to the historical site of Machu Picchu which is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away or about a 90-minute walk. There are many hotels and restaurants for tourists, as well as natural hot baths which gave the town its colloquial Spanish name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dance in Peru</span> Multicultural Peruvian dances

Dance in Peru is an art form primarily of native origin. There are also dances that are related to agricultural work, hunting and war. In Peru dancing bears an important cultural significance. Some choreographies show certain Christian influence.

The Chanka people are a Quechua people ethnic group living in the regions of Apurimac, Ayacucho and Lamas of Peru. They were enemies of the Incas, and they were centered primarily in Andahuaylas, located in the modern-day region of Apurímac. The Chankas were divided into three groups: the Hanan Chankas, or the Upper Chankas, the Urin Chankas, or the Lower Chankas, and the Villca, or Hancohuallos. The Hanan Chankas had their center in Andahuaylas, the Urin Chankas in Uranmarca, and the Villca in Vilcas Huaman, Ayacucho.

Inka Wasi or Inkawasi may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paruro Province</span> Province in Cusco, Peru

Paruro Province is one of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in the southern highlands of Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huillca Raccay</span> Archaeological site in Peru

Huillca Raccay or Huillca Racay is an archaeological site in Peru located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Ollantaytambo District. It is situated southeast of the archaeological site Patallacta above the right bank of the little river Pampa Qhawa, an affluent of the Vilcanota River, near the village Chamana.

Chukchu is the name of a festival and a satirical dance of the Andes region in Peru. The festival is held annually on August 25 in the Santo Tomás District of the Chumbivilcas Province in the Cusco Region. The dance is performed on festivals dedicated to the patron saints (fiestas patronales) of communities in the provinces of Anta, Canchi, Chumbivilcas, La Convención and Paucartambo. The figures represented in the dance are sick persons, nurses, doctors, assistants and mosquitos. Members of the Chukchu troup may wear sickly masks, that represent plantation house slaves who became infected with malaria in the jungle. Their choreography includes throwing flour on crowd in imitation of the spread of disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Incahuasi (Apurímac)</span> Mountain in Peru

Incahuasi is a mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru whose summit reaches 4,315 metres (14,157 ft) above sea level. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Abancay Province, Cachora District. The mountain lies on the bank of the Apurímac River, opposite the archaeological site of Choquequirao. On its northern slope there is a small archaeological site named Inka Raqay. Tourists are also attracted by the viewpoint of Incahuasi which provides good views of the Apurímac valley, Choquequirao and Padreyoc.

Pumawasi may refer to:

T'alla Kallanka is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Oropesa District. T'alla Kallanka lies west of Millu and northwest of Mina Q'asa.

Tinyaq or Quri Willka is an archaeological site in Peru with storehouses of the Inca period on a mountain named Tinyaq. It is located in the Ayacucho Region, Huanta Province, Iguain District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qollmay</span> Archaeological site in Peru

Qullmay is an Inca Empire archeological site with multiple buildings along a Granite cliff, assumed to be used for both administrative and religious practices. It is located in the Cusco Region, Anta Province, Chinchaypujio District at 3,436 m altitude. Qollmay is 4 km North-West from Chinchaypujio, on the way to the campesino community of Sumaru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocra (Peru)</span> Ayllu in Cusco, Peru

Ocra is a Quechuan Campesino community within the Chinchaypujio District in Peru and about 1.5 hours outside of Cusco; its central village is located at 3,670 m (12,040 ft) altitude.

References

  1. (in Spanish) Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Banco de Información Distrital Archived April 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved April 11, 2008.
  2. "Ocra Andean People". Quechua Trips. Archived from the original on 2019-08-18. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  3. "Municipalidad de Chinchaypujio obtuvo primer lugar en concurso sobre Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial – Arqueología del Perú | Historia, Turismo, Arte Inca, Prehispánico, Pre-Inca" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  4. Gestión, Redacción (2016-01-13). "Concar se adjudicó buena pro de corredor vial Mollepuquio – Chalhuahuacho | Economía". Gestión (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  5. "Elevation Finder". www.freemaptools.com. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
  6. "VRAEM apunta a convertirse en zona potencial de producción de plátanos". www.minagri.gob.pe. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
  7. escale.minedu.gob.pe/ UGEL map Anta Province (Cusco Region)
  8. "Ocra Andean People". Quechua Trips. Archived from the original on 2019-08-18. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  9. "Ocra Andean People". Quechua Trips. Archived from the original on 2019-08-18. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  10. Morales Castro, Mary Luz; Cornejo Huarancca, Ingrid Lucero (2018-12-04). "Introducción de la producción de palta en la economía de las familias campesinas de Ivin y Huantaro, distrito de Chinchaypujio, provincia de Anta 2014 – 2018". Universidad Andina del Cusco.[ permanent dead link ]
  11. "Comunidad de Ocra – Ruraq Maki" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-08-19. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  12. "Municipalidad de Chinchaypujio obtuvo primer lugar en concurso sobre Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial – Arqueología del Perú | Historia, Turismo, Arte Inca, Prehispánico, Pre-Inca" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  13. Vilca Flores, Wilbert (2019). Virgen Asunta Programa 2019. Chinchaypujio: Asociacion Cultural Chinchaypujio. p. 11.
  14. Vilca Flores, Wilbert (2019). Virgen Asunta Programa 2019. Chinchaypujio: Asociacion Cultural Chinchaypujio. p. 12.
  15. Vilca Flores, Wilbert (2019). Virgen Asunta Programa 2019. Chinchaypujio: Asociacion Cultural Chinchaypujio. p. 14.
  16. "Chinchaypujio Homestay". Quechua School. Archived from the original on 2019-08-18. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  17. {{http://www.rupestreweb.info/pinturaspumawasi.html |date=August 12, 2019 }} Pintura Pumawasi
  18. Silva Gonzalez, Jose Carlos. "Delimination of Qollmay" (PDF). Geopartimonio Cusco. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
  19. "Chinchaypujio climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Chinchaypujio weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  20. "Climate-Data.org". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  21. inei.gob.pe Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine INEI, Peru, Censos Nacionales 2007, Frequencias: Preguntas de Población

13°37′51″S72°14′02″W / 13.6308°S 72.2340°W / -13.6308; -72.2340