List of ecoregions in Europe

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EEA's DMEER Digital Map of European Ecological Regions.png
EEA's DMEER

The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.

Contents

The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas. [1] The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not. [2] [3]

List of ecoregions in Europe

Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA0401 Apennine deciduous montane forests

[Note 1]

Italy Ecoregion PA0401.svg MonteCimone1.jpg
PA0402 Atlantic mixed forests Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Germany Ecoregion PA0402.svg Foret Domaniale de Desvres automne.jpg
PA0403 Azores temperate mixed forests Portugal Ecoregion PA0403.svg Azores flores ribeira grande.jpg
PA0404 Balkan mixed forests Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey Ecoregion PA0404.svg Taukliman.jpg
PA0405 Baltic mixed forests [Note 2] Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden Ecoregion PA0405.svg 2019 - Nationalpark Jasmund - 04.jpg
PA0406 Cantabrian mixed forests Spain, France, Portugal Ecoregion PA0406.svg Cantabria bosque autoctono lou.jpg
PA0408 Caucasus mixed forests

[Note 3]

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey Ecoregion PA0408.png.jpg Acheshbok, Iuzhnye otrogi gory Acheshbok na zakate, dramatichnye pogodnye usloviia, gory Zapadnogo Kavkaza.jpg
PA0409 Celtic broadleaf forests Ireland, United Kingdom Ecoregion PA0409.svg Sherwood Forest, May, 2017-5.jpg
PA0412 Central European mixed forests Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine Ecoregion PA0412.svg Bialowieski park narodowy 02.jpg
PA0416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex [Note 1] Russia, Ukraine Ecoregion PA0416.png Vid na m.Ialta.jpg
PA0418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests [Note 1] Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia Ecoregion PA0418.svg Orjen.jpg
PA0419 East European forest steppe Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Russia Ecoregion PA0419.svg 20140614 151745 Richtone(HDR).jpg
PA0421 English Lowlands beech forests United Kingdom Ecoregion PA0421.svg Beech trees in Mallard Wood, New Forest - geograph.org.uk - 779513.jpg
PA0422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests [Note 3] Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey Ecoregion PA0422.png Rize.pic2.jpg
PA0429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests Ireland, United Kingdom (Northern Ireland and Scotland), Denmark (Faroe Islands) Ecoregion PA0429.svg 2018 07 13 Schottland (34) Viewpoint Heilam Lairg.jpg
PA0431 Pannonian mixed forests Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine Ecoregion PA0431.svg Havas (Matra, 599 m).jpg
PA0432 Po Basin mixed forests Italy, Switzerland Ecoregion PA0432.svg Po a San Benedetto (Mantova) 2.jpg
PA0433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests [Note 1] Andorra, France, Spain Ecoregion PA0433.svg Le pont d'Espagne.JPG
PA0435 Rodope montane mixed forests [Note 3] Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia Ecoregion PA0435.svg Trevistolake.jpg
PA0436 Sarmatic mixed forests Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden Ecoregion PA0436.svg Haanja Upland.jpg
PA0445 Western European broadleaf forests Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland Ecoregion PA0445.svg 20070517-20 Vosges du Nord (098).JPG

Temperate coniferous forests

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests [Note 1] Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia Ecoregion PA0501.svg Herbst am Watzmann.jpg
PA0503 Caledonian conifer Forest United Kingdom Ecoregion PA0503.svg Pinus sylvestris Glen Affric.jpg
PA0504 Carpathian montane conifer forests [Note 1] Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine Ecoregion PA0504.svg Carpathian National Nature Park June 2017 01.jpg
PA0520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests Norway Ecoregion PA0520.svg Fitjaroyane.JPG

Taiga and Boreal forests

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA0602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra Iceland Ecoregion PA0602.png Tingvallir-2-10 - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford.jpg
PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia Ecoregion PA0608.svg Forest at Leivonmaki NP.JPG
PA0610 Ural montane forests and tundra Russia Ecoregion PA0610.svg Basegi 06.JPG

Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA0807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands Faroe Islands, Denmark Europe-Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands (Unsplash eRwWGWkh0vU).jpg
PA0814 Pontic steppe Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia Ecoregion PA0814.svg Obitateli Azovo-Sivashskogo zapovednika na Biriuchem ostrove.jpg

Tundra

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA1101 Arctic desert Norway and Russia Ecoregion PA1101.svg Vid na ostrov Bell.jpg
PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra Norway and Russia Kola peninsula tundra (PA1106) map.gif Lovozero Massif1.jpg
PA1108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra Russia Ecoregion PA1108.png Balok na bugrinke - panoramio.jpg
PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands Norway, Sweden, and Finland Ecoregion PA1110.svg Vivassvatnet panorama.jpg

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA1201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey Ecoregion PA1201.svg Cape Sounion AC.JPG
PA1204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests France Ecoregion PA1204.png Asco ruisseau de Stranciacone.jpg
PA1205 Crete Mediterranean forests Greece Crete topographic map-fr.jpg Forest in the Zakros Canyon 2 - panoramio.jpg
PA1208 Iberian conifer forests Spain Ecoregion PA1208.png Cazorla (14091642828).jpg
PA1209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests Spain, Portugal Ecoregion PA1209.png Ribeira da Safareja em Agosto.JPG
PA1210 Illyrian deciduous forests Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia Ecoregion PA1210.png Pinus halepensis forest, near Dubrovnik, Croatia - Stiller Beobachter.jpg
PA1211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests Italy Ecoregion PA1211.svg Foresta-umbra.jpg
PA1215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests France, Spain Ecoregion PA1215.svg Bosquet de pins per les planes, Xabia.JPG
PA1216 Northwest Iberian montane forests Portugal, Spain Ecoregion PA1216.png Vista sobre o Parque Natural de Montesinho.jpg
PA1217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania Ecoregion PA1217.svg Olympus forest 3.jpg
PA1218 South Apennine mixed montane forests Italy Ecoregion PA1218.png Boschi di faggio. Massiccio del pollino.JPG
PA1219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands Spain Ecoregion PA1219.png Erica arborea 50115s 01.jpg
PA1221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests Portugal, Spain Ecoregion PA1221.svg Sauceda0092.jpg
PA1222 Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests Italy, France and Malta Ecoregion PA1222.png Ficuzza (2).jpg

Deserts and Xeric Shrublands

WWF IDEcoregion (WWF) Country MapPhoto
PA1308 Caspian lowland desert Russia and Kazachstan Ecoregion PA1308.png Vol'nye kalmytskie loshadi.jpg
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest include:
    6 Temperate coniferous forests: and 2 Temperate coniferous forests:
  2. Baltic mixed forests include Natural beech wood
  3. 1 2 3 Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests include:
    4 Temperate coniferous forests: 2 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests: and 1 Montane grasslands and shrublands:

Global 200 ecoregions in Europe

Terrestrial

Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:

Other Global 200 ecoregions:

Freshwater

Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:

Small river ecoregions:

Marine

There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.

Sources

References

  1. "Europe's biodiversity - biogeographical regions and seas". EEA. 30 May 2002. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  2. . 23 January 2015 [https:/ Environmental Agency (EEA) https:/ Environmental Agency (EEA)]. Retrieved 6 August 2019.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. "[LATEST VERSION] Digital map of European ecological regions". European Environmental Agency (EEA). 12 January 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.