The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.
The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas. [1] The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not. [2] [3]
Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.
WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA0401 | Apennine deciduous montane forests | Italy | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0402 | Atlantic mixed forests | Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Germany | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0403 | Azores temperate mixed forests | Portugal | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0404 | Balkan mixed forests | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0405 | Baltic mixed forests [Note 2] | Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0406 | Cantabrian mixed forests | Spain, France, Portugal | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0408 | Caucasus mixed forests | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0409 | Celtic broadleaf forests | Ireland, United Kingdom | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0412 | Central European mixed forests | Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0416 | Crimean Submediterranean forest complex [Note 1] | Russia, Ukraine | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0418 | Dinaric Mountains mixed forests [Note 1] | Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0419 | East European forest steppe | Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Russia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0421 | English Lowlands beech forests | United Kingdom | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0422 | Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests [Note 3] | Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0429 | North Atlantic moist mixed forests | Ireland, United Kingdom (Northern Ireland and Scotland), Denmark (Faroe Islands) | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0431 | Pannonian mixed forests | Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0432 | Po Basin mixed forests | Italy, Switzerland | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0433 | Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests [Note 1] | Andorra, France, Spain | ![]() | |
PA0435 | Rodope montane mixed forests [Note 3] | Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0436 | Sarmatic mixed forests | Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0445 | Western European broadleaf forests | Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland | ![]() | |
WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA0501 | Alps conifer and mixed forests [Note 1] | Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0503 | Caledonian conifer Forest | United Kingdom | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0504 | Carpathian montane conifer forests [Note 1] | Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0520 | Scandinavian coastal conifer forests | Norway | ![]() | |
WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA0602 | Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra | Iceland | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0608 | Scandinavian and Russian taiga | Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia | ![]() | |
PA0610 | Ural montane forests and tundra | Russia | ![]() | |
WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA0807 | Faroe Islands boreal grasslands | Faroe Islands, Denmark | ![]() | ![]() |
PA0814 | Pontic steppe | Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia | ![]() | ![]() |
WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA1101 | Arctic desert | Norway and Russia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA1106 | Kola Peninsula tundra | Norway and Russia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA1108 | Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra | Russia | ![]() | ![]() |
PA1110 | Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands | Norway, Sweden, and Finland | ![]() | ![]() |
WWF ID | Ecoregion (WWF) | Country | Map | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA1308 | Caspian lowland desert | Russia and Kazachstan | ![]() | ![]() |
Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:
Other Global 200 ecoregions:
Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:
Small river ecoregions:
There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.
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