| Muvirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
| Phylum: | Uroviricota |
| Class: | Caudoviricetes |
| Order: | Caudovirales |
| Family: | Myoviridae |
| Genus: | Muvirus |
Muvirus (synonyms: Mu-like phages, Mu-like viruses, Mulikevirus) is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales , in the family Myoviridae . Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are two species in this genus. [1] [2] [3]
The following two species are assigned to the genus: [2]
Muviruses are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head has an icosahedral structure of about 54 nm in width. The neck is knob-like, and the tail is contractile with a base plate and six short terminal fibers. [1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muvirus | Head-Tail | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Escherichia virus Mu has been fully sequenced and is available from ICTV. It has 36k nucleotides, with 55 proteins. Two similar, unclassified viruses are also sequenced. The complete genomes are available here. [3]
The virus attaches to the host cell lipopolysaccharides using its terminal fibers, and ejects the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. Once in the cell, the viral DNA is protected from degradation by the host nucleases. The viral DNA is then circularized and integrated into the host chromosome. The viral genome is copied 50–100 times in the host chromosome via replicative transposition. [4] DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. [1]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muvirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
According to the ICTV's 1996 report, the genus Mu-like phages was first accepted as a new genus in the family Myoviridae, a year after its type species was recognized by the committee. In 1998, it was moved into the newly created order Caudovirales. The next year (1999), the name was changed to Mu-like viruses. Finally, in the 2010–11 report, it was renamed again to Mulikevirus. These reports (with the exception of 1998) are available online here: 1996, 1999, 2010. [5] The genus was later renamed to Muvirus.
Myoviridae is a family of bacteriophages in the order Caudovirales. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are 625 species in this family, assigned to eight subfamilies and 217 genera.
Enquatrovirus is a genus of bacteriophages in the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Escherichia virus N4.
Okubovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Herelleviridae, in the subfamily Spounavirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus.
Peduovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae, in the subfamily Peduovirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 15 species in this genus.
Schizotequatrovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae, in the subfamily Tevenvirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus.
Tequatrovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae, in the subfamily Tevenvirinae. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 75 species in this genus.
Felixounavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently 16 species in this genus, including the type species Salmonella virus FelixO1.
Bixzunavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are eight species in this genus.
Myohalovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus.
Phikzvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus.
Teseptimavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Autographiviridae, in the subfamily Studiervirinae. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently 17 species in this genus, including the type species Escherichia virus T7.
Salasvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Salasmaviridae, in the subfamily Picovirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.
Lederbergvirus is a genus of virusesin the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are six species in this genus.
Ceduovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Siphoviridae, unassigned to a sub-family. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 34 species in this genus.
Fromanvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 59 species in this genus.
Lambdavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are five species in this genus. The genus also includes several unclassified viruses—including the corynephages β and ω, which infect Corynebacterium diphtheriae and carry the deadly diphtheria toxin.
Ravinvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There is only one species in this genus: Escherichia virus N15.
Spbetavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Bacillus virus SPbeta.
Tequintavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Demerecviridae. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently 22 species in this genus, including the type species Escherichia virus T5.
Tunavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Drexlerviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 14 species in this genus, including the type species Escherichia virus T1.