PX domain

Last updated
1h6h.png
PX domain of NADH oxidase (p40phox), lipid-bound
Identifiers
SymbolPX
Pfam PF00787
InterPro IPR001683
SMART PX
PROSITE PDOC50195
SCOP2 1h6h / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM superfamily 57
OPM protein 1xte
CDD cd06093

The PX domain is a phosphoinositide-binding structural domain involved in targeting of proteins to cell membranes.

This domain was first found in P40phox and p47phox domains of NADPH oxidase (phox stands for phagocytic oxidase). [1] [2] It was also identified in many other proteins involved in membrane trafficking, including nexins, Phospholipase D, and phosphoinositide-3-kinases.

The PX domain is structurally conserved in eukaryotes, although amino acid sequences show little similarity. [3] PX domains interact primarily with PtdIns(3)P lipids. [4] [5] However some of them bind to phosphatidic acid, PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(3,5)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. The PX-domain can also interact with other domains and proteins.

Human proteins containing this domain

Sorting nexins contain this domain. Other examples include:

Related Research Articles

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), also called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate Chemical compound

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes that helps to recruit a range of proteins, many of which are involved in protein trafficking, to the membranes. It is the product of both the class II and III phosphoinositide 3-kinases activity on phosphatidylinositol.

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important second messenger. The generation of PtdIns(3,4)P2 at the plasma membrane activates a number of important cell signaling pathways.

SNX1

Sorting nexin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a sorting nexin. SNX1 is a component of the retromer complex.

Neutrophil cytosolic factor 2

Neutrophil cytosol factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF2 gene.

Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1

Neutrophil cytosol factor 1, also known as p47phox, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF1 gene.

Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4

Neutrophil cytosol factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF4 gene.

SNX9

Sorting nexin-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX9 gene.

SNX17

Sorting nexin-17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX17 gene.

NOXO1

NADPH oxidase organizer 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOXO1 gene.

SNX26

TC10/CDC42 GTPase-activating protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SNX26 gene.

SNX3

Sorting nexin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX3 gene.

SNX13

Sorting nexin-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX13 gene.

SNX15

Sorting nexin-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX15 gene.

NOXA1

NADPH oxidase activator 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOXA1 gene.

SNX4

Sorting nexin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX4 gene.

SNX21

Sorting nexin-21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX21 gene.

SNAG1

Sorting nexin-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX18 gene.

Sorting nexin

Sorting nexins are a large group of proteins that are localized in the cytoplasm and have the potential for membrane association either through their lipid-binding PX domain or through protein–protein interactions with membrane-associated protein complexes Some members of this family have been shown to facilitate protein sorting.

Sorting nexin 10 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sorting nexin 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX10 gene.

References

  1. ↑ Ponting CP (November 1996). "Novel domains in NADPH oxidase subunits, sorting nexins, and PtdIns 3-kinases: binding partners of SH3 domains?". Protein Sci. 5 (11): 2353–7. doi:10.1002/pro.5560051122. PMC   2143296 . PMID   8931154.
  2. ↑ Wishart MJ, Taylor GS, Dixon JE (June 2001). "Phoxy lipids: revealing PX domains as phosphoinositide binding modules". Cell. 105 (7): 817–20. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00414-7 . PMID   11439176. S2CID   12622490.
  3. ↑ Hiroaki H, Ago T, Ito T, Sumimoto H, Kohda D (June 2001). "Solution structure of the PX domain, a target of the SH3 domain". Nat. Struct. Biol. 8 (6): 526–30. doi:10.1038/88591. PMID   11373621. S2CID   27416988.
  4. ↑ Karathanassis D, Stahelin RV, Bravo J, Perisic O, Pacold CM, Cho W, Williams RL (October 2002). "Binding of the PX domain of p47phox to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid is masked by an intramolecular interaction". EMBO J. 21 (19): 5057–68. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf519. PMC   129041 . PMID   12356722.
  5. ↑ Ago T, Kuribayashi F, Hiroaki H, Takeya R, Ito T, Kohda D, Sumimoto H (April 2003). "Phosphorylation of p47phox directs phox homology domain from SH3 domain toward phosphoinositides, leading to phagocyte NADPH oxidase activation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (8): 4474–9. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.4474A. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0735712100 . PMC   153580 . PMID   12672956.
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