Pearl Harbor (film)

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Pearl Harbor
Pearl harbor movie poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Michael Bay
Written by Randall Wallace
Produced by
Starring
Cinematography John Schwartzman
Edited by
Music by Hans Zimmer
Production
companies
Distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release dates
  • May 21, 2001 (2001-05-21)(Pearl Harbor, Hawaii)
  • May 25, 2001 (2001-05-25)(Mainland United States)
Running time
183 minutes [1]
CountryUnited States
Languages
  • English
  • Japanese
Budget$140 million [2] [3]
Box office$449.2 million [2]

Pearl Harbor is a 2001 American romantic war drama film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer and written by Randall Wallace. Starring Ben Affleck, Kate Beckinsale, Josh Hartnett, Cuba Gooding Jr., Tom Sizemore, Jon Voight, Colm Feore, and Alec Baldwin, the film features a heavily fictionalized version of the attack on Pearl Harbor, focusing on a love story set amidst the lead up to the attack, its aftermath, and the Doolittle Raid.

Contents

The film was a box office success, grossing $59 million in its opening weekend and $449.2 million worldwide, becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2001, [2] but received negative reviews from critics, who criticized the story, long runtime, screenplay and dialogue, pacing, performances and historical inaccuracies. It was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning in the category of Best Sound Editing. It was also nominated for six Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture.

Plot

In 1923, in Tennessee, two best friends, Rafe McCawley and Danny Walker, pretend to be fighting airmen. Rafe defends Danny from Danny's stern father, a World War One veteran suffering from PTSD.

In January 1941, as World War II rages, Danny and Rafe are USAAC first lieutenants under the command of Major Jimmy Doolittle. Doolittle informs Rafe that he has been accepted into the Eagle Squadron, an RAF outfit for American pilots in the Battle of Britain. Nurse Evelyn Johnson passes Rafe's medical exam despite his dyslexia, and the two form a relationship. Rafe tells Evelyn he is leaving to join the Eagle Squadron. During a mission to intercept a Luftwaffe bombing raid, Rafe is shot down over the English Channel and is presumed killed in action. Danny and Evelyn mourn Rafe's death, which spurs a romance between the two. However, Rafe managed to survive and is found by French fishermen.

On the night of December 6, Evelyn is shocked when Rafe returns, having survived and escaped Nazi-occupied France. Rafe, in turn, discovers Danny's romance with Evelyn and leaves for the Hula bar, where Danny attempts to explain, but a fight ensues. When MPs arrive, they flee to avoid the brig. The next morning, December 7, the Imperial Japanese Navy attack Pearl Harbor. The US Pacific Fleet is severely damaged, and most of the defending airfields are obliterated. Rafe and Danny take off in P-40 fighter planes and shoot down seven attacking planes. They later assist in rescuing the crew of the capsized USS Oklahoma but fail to save the crew of the obliterated USS Arizona.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt requests that the US Congress declare war on the Empire of Japan. Danny and Rafe are assigned to Doolittle. Before they leave, Evelyn reveals to Rafe that she is pregnant with Danny's child; she intends to stay with and devote herself to Danny, but she vows that it is Rafe who she will always genuinely love. Danny and Rafe are promoted to captain and awarded the Silver Star for their actions at Pearl Harbor, and Doolittle asks them to volunteer for a secret mission. During the next three months, Rafe, Danny, and other pilots train for ultra-short takeoffs with specially modified B-25s. In April, the raiders on board the USS Hornet find their mission is to bomb Tokyo, after which they will land in China. The mission is successful, and Rafe's and Danny's planes crash in China. While the raiders fight off Japanese soldiers, Danny is shot; when Rafe tearfully reveals to Danny that Evelyn is pregnant with Danny's child, the dying Danny tells Rafe that it is his child now. The Chinese rescue the group. After the war, Rafe and Evelyn observe Danny's grave with Evelyn's son, Danny; Rafe has Danny fly up in the air.

Cast

Fictional characters

Historical characters

Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events, the film includes portrayals of several historical figures:

Production

A 1940 LaSalle taxi featured in Pearl Harbor Vintage Car Museum & Event Center May 2017 21 (1940 LaSalle taxi from Pearl Harbor).jpg
A 1940 LaSalle taxi featured in Pearl Harbor

The proposed budget of $208 million that Michael Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer wanted was an area of contention with Walt Disney Studios executives, since a great deal of the budget was to be expended on production aspects. The budget was eventually reduced to $140 million. [2] Even at the reduced budget, Disney managed to get many of the crew and others to defer some of their pay until the film grossed in the region of $140 million. This included the director of photography, the editor, production designer and lighting director and their departments deferring around $5 to $10 million as well as Panavision, Technicolor and Industrial Light & Magic also agreeing to deferrals. Bay also deferred his salary but he and Bruckheimer were the only ones to receive profit participation. [4]

Also controversial was the effort to change the film's rating from R to PG-13. Bay initially wanted to graphically portray the horrors of war and was not interested in primarily marketing the final product to a teen and young adult audience. However, even though he wanted to make an R-rated movie, Bay admitted that the problem was that young children would not be able to see it, and he felt that they should. As such, when he was ordered by Disney to make a PG-13 film, he didn't argue. As a compromise, he was allowed to release an R-rated Director's Cut on DVD later on in 2002. Budget fights continued throughout the planning of the film, with Bay "walking" on several occasions. Dick Cook, chairman of Disney at the time, said "I think Pearl Harbor was one of the most difficult shoots of modern history." [5]

In order to recreate the atmosphere of pre-war Pearl Harbor, the producers staged the film in Hawaii and used current naval facilities. Many active duty military members stationed in Hawaii and members of the local population served as extras during the filming. The set at Rosarito Beach in the Mexican state of Baja California was used for scale model work as required. Formerly the set of Titanic (1997), Rosarito was the ideal location to recreate the death throes of the battleships in the Pearl Harbor attack. A large-scale model of the bow section of USS Oklahoma mounted on the world's largest gimbal produced an authentic rolling and submerging of the doomed battleship. Production Engineer Nigel Phelps stated that the sequence of the ship rolling out of the water and slapping down would involve one of the "biggest set elements" to be staged. Matched with computer generated imagery, the action had to reflect precision and accuracy throughout. [6] Production was due to commence April 8, 2000 for 85 days. [4]

Michael Fassbender read for the part of Rafe, Fassbender said that Disney sent him a "really nice note" telling him that he didn't get the part. [7] Charlize Theron turned down a role in the film so that she could star in Sweet November . [8]

The vessel most seen in the movie was USS Lexington, representing both USS Hornet and a Japanese carrier. All aircraft take-offs during the movie were filmed on board the Lexington, a museum ship in Corpus Christi, Texas. The aircraft on display were removed for filming and were replaced with film aircraft as well as World War II anti-aircraft turrets. Other ships used in filler scenes included USS Hornet, [9] and USS Constellation during filming for the carrier sequences. Filming was also done on board the museum battleship USS Texas located near Houston, Texas. The Naval Historical Center of the United States army was involved in the production of the film, the Center suggested changing the depiction of Doolittle who they considered to be written as "a boorish, oafish guy", this recommendation was accepted. [10]

Release

Marketing

The teaser trailer premiered in June 2000 in front of The Patriot 's theatrical screenings. [11] Disney premiered the film at Pearl Harbor itself, aboard the active nuclear aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis, which made a six-day trip from San Diego to serve as "the world's largest and most expensive outdoor theater". More than 2,000 people attended the premiere on the Stennis, which had special grandstand seating and one of the world's largest movie screens assembled on the flight deck. [12] The guests included various Hawaii political leaders, most of the lead actors from the film, and over 500 news media from around the world that Disney flew in to cover the event. The party was estimated to have cost Disney $5 million. [13]

Box office

During its opening weekend, Pearl Harbor generated a total of $59 million, then made $75.1 million during its first four days. [14] At the time, it achieved the second-highest Memorial Day weekend gross, behind The Lost World: Jurassic Park . [15] The film also had the fourth-highest opening weekend, after the latter film, The Mummy Returns and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace . [16] For 15 years, it would have the highest opening weekend for a Ben Affleck film until 2016 when Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice surpassed it. [17] When the film was released, it topped the box office, knocking out Shrek . [14] It earned $30 million during its second weekend while staying at the number one spot ahead of the latter film, Moulin Rouge! and The Animal . [18] This was the most recent film to top the box office for multiple weeks until that August when American Pie 2 became the next one to do so. [19] The film would then drop into third place behind Swordfish and Shrek, making $14.9 million. [20]

In Japan, the film opened on 424 screens and grossed $7.2 million in its opening weekend (including $1.6 million in previews), a record for Buena Vista International in Japan, and the sixth highest opening of all-time. [21] Meanwhile, Pearl Harbor generated a three-day gross of $4.5 million in the United Kingdom, becoming the country's fourth-highest June opening weekend, behind Batman & Robin , The Matrix and The Mummy . [22] It had a record opening in China, grossing $3.9 million in 6 days. [23] The film also made $2.5 million in Mexico, making it the fifth-highest opening for a live-action film in the country, trailing The Phantom Menace, The Mummy Returns, Mission: Impossible 2 and Godzilla . [24] Making $870,000, it was Argentina's second-highest opening of 2001, after Hannibal . [24]

Pearl Harbor grossed $198,542,554 at the US and Canadian box office and $250,678,391 overseas for a worldwide total of $449,220,945, making this the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2001. [2] It is also the third-highest-grossing romantic drama film of all time, as of January 2013, behind Titanic and Ghost . [25]

Home media

Pearl Harbor was released on VHS and DVD on December 4, 2001 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment (under the Touchstone Home Video label). [26] [27] Both home video versions are THX certified, featuring a historical documentary and a music video, while also having the film split into two parts. [28] The VHS release has two separate cassettes and comes with widescreen and fullscreen versions. [28] As for the DVD release, it includes two separate discs that feature the first and second halves of the film, along with Dolby Headphone and DTS audio tracks. [28] [29] In its first week, the film sold more than 7 million units and made more than $130 million in retail sales. [26]

On July 2, 2002, Buena Vista Home Entertainment released the film on an R-rated four-disc Director's Cut DVD, which included about a minute of additional footage. [30] [31] This release also features three audio commentaries. [30] The first one has Michael Bay and Jeanine Basinger, which was recorded 250 hours after the September 11 attacks. [32]

At the 5th Annual DVD awards, Pearl Harbor won the Best Audio Presentation category, tying with Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace . [33]

Reception

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, Pearl Harbor holds an approval rating of 24% based on 194 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Pearl Harbor tries to be the Titanic of war movies, but it's just a tedious romance filled with laughably bad dialogue. The 40-minute action sequence is spectacular though." [34] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 44 out of 100 based on 35 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". [35] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A−" on scale of A to F. [36]

Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film one and a half stars, writing: "Pearl Harbor is a two-hour movie squeezed into three hours, about how, on Dec. 7, 1941, the Japanese staged a surprise attack on an American love triangle. Its centerpiece is 40 minutes of redundant special effects, surrounded by a love story of stunning banality. The film has been directed without grace, vision, or originality, and although you may walk out quoting lines of dialogue, it will not be because you admire them." Ebert also criticized the liberties the film took with historical facts: "There is no sense of history, strategy or context; according to this movie, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because America cut off its oil supply, and they were down to an 18-month reserve. Would going to war restore the fuel sources? Did they perhaps also have imperialist designs? Movie doesn't say." [37] In his later "Great Movies" essay on Lawrence of Arabia , Ebert likewise wrote, "What you realize watching Lawrence of Arabia is that the word 'epic' refers not to the cost or the elaborate production, but to the size of the ideas and vision. Werner Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God didn't cost as much as the catering in Pearl Harbor, but it is an epic, and Pearl Harbor is not." [38] Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine gave the film one out of four stars and wrote, "Middlingly racist, humorless, and downright inept, Pearl Harbor is solely for fans of fireworks factories." [39]

A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote, "Nearly every line of the script drops from the actors' mouths with the leaden clank of exposition, timed with bad sitcom beats." [40] Mike Clark of USA Today gave the film two out of four stars and wrote, "Ships, planes and water combust and collide in Pearl Harbor, but nothing else does in one of the wimpiest wartime romances ever filmed." [41]

In his review for The Washington Post , Desson Howe wrote, "although this Walt Disney movie is based, inspired and even partially informed by a real event referred to as Pearl Harbor, the movie is actually based on the movies Top Gun , Titanic and Saving Private Ryan . Don't get confused." [42] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine wrote, "Affleck, Hartnett and Beckinsale – a British actress without a single worthy line to wrap her credible American accent around – are attractive actors, but they can't animate this moldy romantic triangle." [43] Time magazine's Richard Schickel criticized the love triangle: "It requires a lot of patience for an audience to sit through the dithering. They're nice kids and all that, but they don't exactly claw madly at one another. It's as if they know that someday they're going to be part of "the Greatest Generation" and don't want to offend Tom Brokaw. Besides, megahistory and personal history never integrate here." [44] Robert W. Butler of The Kansas City Star wrote, "The dialogue is so unrelentingly banal as to make one reconsider whether James Cameron's writing on Titanic was really all that bad." [45]

Entertainment Weekly was more positive, giving the film a "B−" rating, and Owen Gleiberman praised the Pearl Harbor attack sequence: "Bay's staging is spectacular but also honorable in its scary, hurtling exactitude. ... There are startling point-of-view shots of torpedoes dropping into the water and speeding toward their targets, and though Bay visualizes it all with a minimum of graphic carnage, he invites us to register the terror of the men standing helplessly on deck, the horrifying split-second deliverance as bodies go flying and explosions reduce entire battleships to liquid walls of collapsing metal." [46]

In his review for The New York Observer , Andrew Sarris wrote, "here is the ironic twist in my acceptance of Pearl Harbor – the parts I liked most are the parts before and after the digital destruction of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese carrier planes" and felt that "Pearl Harbor is not so much about World War II as it is about movies about World War II. And what's wrong with that?" [47]

Critics in Japan received the film more positively than in most countries with one likening it to Gone with the Wind set during World War II and another describing it as more realistic than Tora! Tora! Tora! [21]

In 2023, Rolling Stone cited Bay's direction of Pearl Harbor as one of the fifty worst decisions in film history. Andy Greene described it as a less successful attempt to replicate the success of Titanic and Bay's previous film, Armageddon . [48]

Accolades

The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning in the category of Best Sound Editing. It was also nominated for six Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture. [49] This marked the first occurrence of a Worst Picture-nominated film winning an Academy Award; it is also the only film directed by Bay to win an Academy Award.[ citation needed ]

AwardCategoryRecipientResultRef.
Academy Awards Best Original Song "There You'll Be"
Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren 		Nominated [50]
Best Sound Kevin O'Connell, Greg P. Russell, and Peter J. Devlin Nominated
Best Sound Editing George Watters II and Christopher Boyes Won
Best Visual Effects Eric Brevig, John Frazier, Ed Hirsh, and Ben Snow Nominated
American Society of Cinematographers Awards Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases John Schwartzman Nominated [51]
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards Top Box Office Films Hans Zimmer Won
Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures"There You'll Be"
Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren		Won
Awards Circuit Community AwardsBest Original ScoreHans ZimmerNominated
Best Visual EffectsNominated
Bogey AwardsNominated
Critics' Choice Awards Best Song "There You'll Be"
Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren		Nominated [52]
Cinema Audio Society Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures Kevin O'Connell, Greg P. Russell, and Peter J. DevlinNominated [53]
DVD Exclusive Awards Best Overall New Extra Features, New Release Michael Bay, Mark Palansky, David Prior, and Eric YoungNominated [54]
Best New, Enhanced or Reconstructed Movie ScenesMichael BayNominated
Original Retrospective Documentary, New ReleaseDoug McCallieNominated
Best Menu DesignDavid PriorNominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Original Score – Motion Picture Hans ZimmerNominated [55]
Best Original Song – Motion Picture "There You'll Be"
Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren		Nominated
Golden Raspberry Awards (2001) Worst Picture Nominated [56]
Worst Director Michael BayNominated
Worst Actor Ben Affleck Nominated
Worst Screenplay Randall Wallace Nominated
Worst Screen Couple Ben Affleck and either Kate Beckinsale or Josh Hartnett Nominated
Worst Remake or Sequel Nominated
Golden Raspberry Awards (2009) Worst Actor of the DecadeBen Affleck (also for Daredevil , Gigli , Jersey Girl , Paycheck , and Surviving Christmas )Nominated [57]
Golden Reel Awards Best Sound Editing – Dialogue & ADR, Domestic Feature Film George Watters II, Christopher T. Welch, Teri E. Dorman, Julie Feiner,
Cindy Marty, Michelle Pazer, David A. Arnold, Marshall Winn,
Ulrika Akander, and Allen Hartz		Nominated [58]
Best Sound Editing – Sound Effects & Foley, Domestic Feature Film Christopher Boyes, George Watters II, Victoria Martin, Ethan Van der Ryn,
Beau Borders, Scott Guitteau, Suhail Kafity, Adam Kopald, F. Hudson Miller,
R.J. Palmer, Christopher Scarabosio, Robert L. Sephton, Matthew Harrison,
James Likowski, and Gary Wright		Nominated
Golden Rooster Awards Best Translated FilmWon
Golden Schmoes Awards Worst Movie of the YearNominated [59]
Best Special Effects of the YearNominated
Biggest Disappointment of the YearNominated
Best Trailer of the YearNominated
Best Action Sequence of the Year"Attack on Pearl Harbor"Nominated
Most Memorable Scene in a MovieNominated
Golden Screen Awards Won
Golden Trailer Awards Best ActionNominated
GoldSpirit Awards Best SoundtrackHans ZimmerNominated
Best Drama SoundtrackWon
Grammy Awards Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media "There You'll Be" – Diane WarrenNominated [60]
Harry AwardsNominated
Huabiao Awards Outstanding Translated Foreign FilmWon
MTV Asia Awards Favorite MovieNominated
MTV Movie Awards Best Male Performance Josh HartnettNominated [61]
Best Female Performance Kate BeckinsaleNominated
Best Action Sequence "The Attack Scene"Won
Online Film & Television Association AwardsBest Original Song"There You'll Be"
Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren		Nominated [62]
Best SoundNominated
Best Sound EditingNominated
Best Visual EffectsNominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society AwardsBest Visual EffectsEric Brevig, John Frazier, Ed Hirsh, and Ben SnowNominated [63]
Satellite Awards Best Cinematography John SchwartzmanNominated [64]
Best Original Song "There You'll Be"
Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren		Nominated
Best Visual Effects Eric BrevigNominated
Stinkers Bad Movie Awards Worst PictureNominated [65]
Worst Sense of DirectionMichael BayNominated
Worst Screenplay for a Film Grossing More Than $100M Worldwide Using Hollywood MathRandall WallaceWon
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie – Drama/Action Adventure Won [66]
Choice Movie ActorBen AffleckWon
Josh HartnettNominated
Choice Movie ChemistryBen Affleck and Kate BeckinsaleNominated
World Soundtrack Awards Soundtrack Composer of the Year Hans Zimmer (also for An Everlasting Piece , Hannibal , and The Pledge )Nominated [67]
World Stunt Awards Best Aerial WorkGene Armstrong, Will Bonafas, James Gavin, John Hinton, Steve Hinton,
Gary Hudson, Kevin La Rosa, John Maloney, Bill Powers, Alan Preston,
Allan Purwyn, James Ryan, and John Storrie		Nominated [68]
Best Stunt Coordination – Feature FilmKenny BatesNominated
Best Stunt Coordination – SequenceKenny Bates, Andy Gill, and Steve PicerniWon
Yoga AwardsWorst Foreign ActorBen AffleckWon

Historical accuracy

Like many historical dramas, Pearl Harbor provoked debate about the artistic license taken by its producers and director. National Geographic Channel produced a documentary called Beyond the Movie: Pearl Harbor detailing some of the ways that "the film's final cut didn't reflect all the attacks' facts, or represent them all accurately". [69] The film was ranked number three on Careeraftermilitary.com's "10 Most Inaccurate Military Movies Ever Made," which also included The Patriot , The Hurt Locker , U-571 , The Green Berets , Windtalkers , Battle of the Bulge , Red Tails , Enemy at the Gates and Flyboys on its list of falsified war movie productions. [70]

Many Pearl Harbor survivors dismissed the film as grossly inaccurate and pure Hollywood. In an interview done by Frank Wetta, producer Jerry Bruckheimer was quoted saying: "We tried to be accurate, but it's certainly not meant to be a history lesson." [71] Historian Lawrence Suid's review is particularly detailed as to the major factual misrepresentations of the film and the negative impact they have even on an entertainment film, as he notes that "the very name of the film implies that audiences will be witnessing a historic event, accurately rendered." [72]

The Battle of Britain had already ended in October 1940 whereas the film has it still happening in early 1941 with dogfights over the English Channel. [73]

Critics decried the use of fictional replacements for real people, declaring that Pearl Harbor was an "abuse of artistic license." [74] The roles the two male leads have in the attack sequence are analogous to the real historical deeds of United States Army Air Forces Second Lieutenants George Welch and Kenneth M. Taylor, who took to the skies in P-40 Warhawk aircraft during the Japanese attack and, together, claimed six Japanese aircraft and a few probables. Taylor called the film "a piece of trash... over-sensationalized and distorted." [75] [76]

The scene following the attack on Pearl Harbor, where President Roosevelt demands an immediate retaliatory strike on the soil of Japan, did not happen as portrayed in the film. Admiral Chester Nimitz and General George Marshall are seen denying the possibility of an aerial attack on Japan, but in real life they actually advocated such a strike. Another inconsistency in this scene is when President Roosevelt (who was at this time in his life, stricken and confined to a wheelchair due to Polio) is able to stand up to challenge his staff's distrust in a strike on Japan, which never really happened. [77]

The portrayal of the planning of the Doolittle Raid, the air raid itself, and the raid's aftermath, is considered one of the most historically inaccurate portions of the film. In the film, Jimmy Doolittle and the rest of the Doolittle raiders had to launch from USS Hornet 624 miles off the Japanese coast and after being spotted by a few Japanese patrol boats. In actuality, the Doolittle raiders had to launch 650 miles off the Japanese coast and after being spotted by only one Japanese patrol boat. In the film, the only raiders shown in the raid are depicted as dropping their bombs on Tokyo, with some of the bomb blasts obliterating entire buildings. In actuality, the Doolittle raiders did bomb Tokyo but also targeted three other industrial cities, and the damage inflicted was minimal. Prior to the raid a chalkboard containing plans for the raid does accurately reflect other destination cities, but this is mostly obscured from view and never discussed in the dialogue. [78] [79]

Soundtrack

Pearl Harbor: Music from the Motion Picture
Soundtrack album by
Hans Zimmer
ReleasedMay 22, 2001 (2001-05-22)
Genre Film score
Length46:21
Label
Producer
Hans Zimmer chronology
Riding in Cars with Boys
(2001)		Pearl Harbor: Music from the Motion Picture
(2001)		 Hannibal
(2001)

The soundtrack to Pearl Harbor on Hollywood Records was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score ( Moulin Rouge! won). [80] The original score was composed by Hans Zimmer. The song "There You'll Be" was nominated for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.

All tracks are written by Hans Zimmer

No.TitleLength
1."There You'll Be" (performed by Faith Hill)3:40
2."Tennessee"3:40
3."Brothers"4:04
4."...And Then I Kissed Him"5:37
5."I Will Come Back"2:54
6."Attack"8:56
7."December 7th"5:08
8."War"5:15
9."Heart of a Volunteer"7:05
Total length:46:21

Certifications

RegionCertification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI) [81] Silver60,000^
United States (RIAA) [82] Gold500,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

Notes

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    Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo is a 1944 American war film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay by Dalton Trumbo is based on the 1943 book of the same name by Captain Ted W. Lawson. Lawson was a pilot on the historic Doolittle Raid, America's first retaliatory air strike against Japan, four months after the December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid was planned, led by, and named after United States Army Air Forces Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle, who was promoted two ranks, to Brigadier General, the day after the raid.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ted W. Lawson</span> United States Army Air Forces officer

    Major Ted William Lawson was an American officer in the United States Army Air Forces, who is known as the author of Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, a memoir of his participation in the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo in 1942. The book was subsequently adapted into the 1944 film of the same name starring Spencer Tracy, Van Johnson and Robert Mitchum.

    <i>Air Force</i> (film) 1943 film by Howard Hawks

    Air Force is a 1943 American World War II aviation film directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Garfield, John Ridgely, Gig Young, Arthur Kennedy, and Harry Carey. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. and produced by Hal B. Wallis and Jack L. Warner. It contains incidents of supposed fifth-column activities by Japanese Americans that never happened. Conceived by then - Lieutenant General “Hap” Arnold in the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack, it was originally scheduled for release on December 7, 1942, on the first anniversary. It became impossible to meet that deadline, and it premiered in New York City on February 3, 1943 and was released on March 20. The film's storyline revolves around an actual event that occurred on December 7, 1941. An aircrew ferries an unarmed 1940 series Boeing B-17D Flying Fortress heavy bomber, named the Mary-Ann, across the Pacific to the United States Army Air Forces base at Hickam Field. They fly right into the middle of the Japanese air attack on Pearl Harbor and the beginning of America's major involvement in the Second World War. An uncredited William Faulkner wrote the emotional deathbed scene for Ridgely, who played the commander and pilot of the Mary-Ann.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacob DeShazer</span>

    Jacob Daniel DeShazer participated in the Doolittle Raid as a staff sergeant and later became a Christian missionary in Japan.

    The Pacific War is a series of alternate history novels written by Newt Gingrich and William R. Forstchen with Albert S. Hanser. The series deals with the Pacific War between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan. The point of divergence is the decision of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander-in-chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet, to take personal command of the 1st Air Fleet for the attack on Pearl Harbor, rather than delegate it to Adm. Chūichi Nagumo.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Halsey Best</span> United States Naval Aviator

    Richard Halsey Best was a dive bomber pilot and squadron commander in the United States Navy during World War II. Stationed on the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, Best led his dive bomber squadron at the 1942 Battle of Midway, sinking two Japanese aircraft carriers in one day, before being medically retired that same year due to damage to his lungs caused by breathing bad oxygen during the battle.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Bower</span>

    William Marsh Bower was an American aviator, U.S. Air Force Colonel and veteran of World War II. Bower was the last surviving pilot of the Doolittle Raid, the first air raid to target the Japanese home island of Honshu.

    The Enterprise Air Group was established on 1 July 1938, encompassing all squadrons embarked in USS Enterprise (CV-6). The group was divided into four squadrons, each with eighteen aircraft dedicated to a particular role. The squadrons were designated according to their role, and all were given the unit number six, derived from the hull number of the Enterprise. Bombing Six (VB-6) was equipped with Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless dive bombers, Fighting Six (VF-6) with Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat fighters, and Torpedo Six (VT-6) with Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bombers. The fourth squadron, Scouting Six (VS-6) also had the SBD-2 Dauntless, but was more focused on the scout bomber role. This air group was embarked on board the Enterprise at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

    <i>Midway</i> (2019 film) 2019 war film by Roland Emmerich

    Midway is a 2019 war film directed by Roland Emmerich, who also produced the film with Harald Kloser, and was written by Wes Tooke. The film covers the first six months in the Pacific Theater of World War II, from the Attack on Pearl Harbor to the titular Battle of Midway. The film stars Ed Skrein, Patrick Wilson, Luke Evans, Aaron Eckhart, Nick Jonas, Mandy Moore, Dennis Quaid, Tadanobu Asano, Darren Criss, and Woody Harrelson.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Horace Ellis Crouch</span> United States Air Force officer

    Lieutenant Colonel Horace Ellis Crouch was an American military aviator whose career included service with the United States Army Air Corps and United States Air Force, he was a combat veteran of World War II and the Korean War who served as one of the crewmembers on the Doolittle Raid.

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