Sarazi

Last updated
Sarazi
साराज़ी سرازی
Native to Jammu and Kashmir
Region Doda district
EthnicitySarazi
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog sira1264 [1]

Sarazi, Sirazi or Siraji, is an Indo-Aryan language of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is native to the Saraz region, a hilly area taking up the northern half of Doda district and parts of neighbouring Ramban and Kishtwar districts. [2]

Contents

Sarazi is spoken as a first language by 46,000 people (as of 2001), [2] primarily Hindus, but it is also used as a lingua franca of the Saraz region and so is also spoken as a second language by Muslims, most of whom are native speakers of Kashmiri. [3]

Sarazi has similarities both to Kashmiri, and to neighbouring Western Pahari languages like Bhaderwahi, though it is nowadays most often classified with the latter. Various local names for the language, which may represent distinct dialects, include Bhagwali, Deswali, and Korarwali. [4]

Sarazi is not often used in writing, but when written, the default choice for a script falls on Perso-Arabic. The Latin script is also common, whereas Devanagari and the historical Takri script are encountered occasionally. [2]

Classification

In the early 20th century, G.A. Grierson observed the similarities with both Kashmiri and with Western Pahari languages, and while noting that Sarazi can almost equally well be classified with either of the two, nonetheless opted to treat it as a dialect of Kashmiri on the basis of shared features in the verbal paradigm and elsewhere. [5]

Although Sarazi is still sometimes perceived as a Kashmiri dialect, [6] recent studies have generally placed it as a member of the Western Pahari group. [7] This further corresponds with the speakers' own perceptions, who do not see their language as related to Kashmiri, [8] and who consider themselves Pahari rather than Kashmiri. [9]

An alternative proposal has seen the language as intermediate between the two groups but independent of either. [10] It has also been conjectured that the language could have originally arisen as a creole. [11]

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Bhadarwahi is an Indo-Aryan language of the Western Pahari group spoken in the Bhadarwah region of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Bhalesi dialect

Bhalesi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bhalessa region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a member of the Bhadarwahi group of dialects and so falls under the Western Pahari sub-group of Indo-Aryan.

Padri dialect

Padri is a dialect spoken in the Padar valley in Kishtwar district in the Indian territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It belongs to the Bhadarwahi group of dialects, and is classified as a member of the Western Pahari branch of the Indo-Aryan languages.

Chenab Valley Region in Jammu and Kashmir, India

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Kishtwari A dialect of Kashmiri language spoken in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir

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Saraz region Region in Jammu and Kashmir

Saraz or Siraj is a hilly region located in Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir. Traditionally, it was a pargana in Kishtwar Province. The region is defined mainly on the basis of linguistics where the majority of people speak Sarazi as their mother tongue.

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Khāṣi is an Indo-Aryan dialect of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It belongs to the Western Pahari group and is spoken in some of the mountainous areas north of Jammu.

The Pahari people or Pahari-speaking people are a diverse ethnolinguistic group who form a heterogeneous society consisting of a number of castes, religions and ethnicities inhabitanting Jammu and Kashmir. They largely form two groups. One group mainly inhabits the areas of the western parts of the Kashmir region split between India and Pakistan popularly known as Pir Panjal Range of lower Himalaya. They predominantly speak Lahnda -Western Punjabi dialects includes Pahari–Pothwari in Poonch and Rajouri Districts and Hindko in Baramulla and Kaupwara Districts of Jammu and Kashmir but they call themselves 'Pahari Speaking".

References

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Siraji of Doda". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. 1 2 3 Ashiqehind 2018.
  3. Mahajan 2018; Ashiqehind 2018. Some Muslim communities are speakers of Gojri or Watali.
  4. Parihar & Dwivedi 2019, p. 4.
  5. Grierson 1919, p. 433.
  6. Wali & Koul 1996 , p. xii; a recent example is in Bhat & Niaz 2014 , p. 292.
  7. Kaul 2006 , pp. 158–166; Ashiqehind 2018, "Sarazi should be classed as a Western Pahari language. It would still make a very aberrant member of the group."
  8. Mahajan 2018.
  9. Kaul 2006, p. 163.
  10. This is the proposal by Varma (1939 , pp. 88–89), according to whom the characteristics of Dardic and Pahari "have so deeply penetrated the grammatical structure of the dialect that it must be called as fundamentally Dardo-Pahāṛī". This was criticised by Kaul (2006).
  11. Koul & Schmidt 1983, p. 10.

Bibliography