| Kalkoti | |
|---|---|
| کلکوٹی / کھلکوٹی / کھعلکوٹی | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [kʰælkoːʈ] |
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Kalkot Tehsil |
Native speakers | 6,000 (2018) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xka |
| Glottolog | kalk1245 |
Kalkoti, also known as Goedijaa, [3] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kalkot Tehsil, in the Upper Dir district in Pakistan. [4]
The following tables outline the phonology of Kalkoti. [5]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ~i(ː) | ʊ~u(ː) |
| Mid | eː | oː |
| Open | ə~æ(ː)~aː | ɑ(ː)~ɒ(ː) |
Short vowels are slightly centralized; nasalization of vowels may be phonemic. [5]
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ(?) | ŋ(?) | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | q | ʔ(?) | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ(?) | kʰ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɡ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʂ | tʃ | ||||
| aspirated | tʂʰ(?) | tʃʰ | ||||||
| voiced | dʒ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʂ | ʃ | x | ||
| voiced | z | ɣ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɽ(?) | ||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | ||||||
The phonemes /q, ʦ, x, z, ɣ, ɽ/ have likely been introduced by loanwords. The voiceless aspirate series is secure, and, unlike the neighboring Palula language, Kalkoti does not have a breathy voiced series. The phonemic status of /ʔ/ is unclear and is likely tied to tone in Kalkoti.
Kalkoti's system of tone likely was similar to Shina's two tone system; however, under pressure from its Kohistani neighbors it may now have a more complex tone inventory. [5]
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