Brokskat

Last updated

Brokskat
Dardiarya
དརྡ་དི་ཨརྱ། / بروکسکت
Native to India, Pakistan
Region Ladakh, Baltistan
Ethnicity Brokpa (Dards)
Native speakers
(about 3,000 cited 1996) [1]
Tibetan script, Nastaliq script [2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 bkk
Glottolog brok1247
ELP Brokskat
Dardiarya Language name in Urdu, Hindi and Tibetan Dardiarya language.png
Dardiarya Language name in Urdu, Hindi and Tibetan

Brokskat (Tibetan : འབྲོག་སྐད་, Wylie : ’brog skad) [3] or Minaro [4] is an endangered Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Brokpa people in the lower Indus Valley of Ladakh and its surrounding areas. [1] [5] It is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language. [6] It is considered a divergent variety of Shina, [7] but it is not mutually intelligible with the other dialects of Shina. [8] It is only spoken by 2,858 people in Ladakh and 400 people in the adjoining Baltistan, part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. [9]

Contents

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental/
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
plain labialized
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k kʷ
voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ
Affricate voiceless t͡s
voiced d͡z
Fricative voiceless f s h
voiced v z
Approximant l j w
Trill r

Vowels

Front Back
Unrounded Rounded
Close /i//y//u/
Mid /e//ø//o/
Open /ɒ/

Etymology

Exonym

The term Brokskat translates to "the language of the Brokpa" in the Tibetic language. The name "Brokpa" is used by Ladakhi and Balti Tibetic origin people to refer to this ethnic group. Brokpa means "hill-dweller" or "hillbilly," reflecting their historical lifestyle as hunters in the upper mountainous regions.

Endonym

The Brokpa themselves refer to their language as "Minaro" and identify their ethnic group by the Minaro as well. Interestingly, their ancient religion is known as "Minaro". Recent articles also refer to the Brokpa community as "Dard Aryans," recognizing it as their cultural identity. [10]

Vocabulary

EnglishBrokskat in Roman scriptBrokskat in Bodyig scriptNastaliq Script
Waterwaཝུའ་وا
Fireghurགཱུརغُور
SunSuriསུརིའ་سُوری
Moongyunགྱུནگیون
Mountainchurཆུརچُھور
Humanmushམུཤمُوش
Landbunབུནبُون
Boybyoབྱོبیو
Girlmolayམོལེའ་مولیہ
Babybubuབུའབུའبُوبُو
Knifecutterཀཊའརقَٹر

Verb tenses

EnglishBrokskat-present tenseBrokskat-past tenseBroskat-future tenseImperative
To gobyasgobyungsboyai
To standautheisauthaitauthiyungsauthi
To breakphitaisphitaiatphitiaungsphitai
To openaunisauniatauniungsauni
To laughhazishazithaziungshazi
To sitbazhaisbazhitbazhiungsbazhi
To walkzaziszazitzaziungszazi
To throwfaitisfaitiatfatiungsfati
To lookskisskaitskiungsski
To cutchhinischinaitchhiniungschhini
To countgyanisgyaniatgyaniungsgyani

References

  1. 1 2 Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 889. ISBN   978-1-135-79711-9.
  2. ↑ "Brokskat-Urdu-Hindi-English Dictionary". 27 May 1989 – via Internet Archive.
  3. ↑ Bray, John (2008). "Corvée transport labour in 19th and early 20th century Ladakh: a study in continuity and change". In Martijn van Beek; Fernanda Pirie (eds.). Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change. BRILL. p. 46. ISBN   978-90-474-4334-6.
  4. ↑ Bhagabati, Dikshit Sarma (3 August 2018). "Onstage and Offstage". Economic and Political Weekly. 53 (31) – via academia.edu. The mother tongue of the Brokpa is Dardiarya, an Indo–Aryan language, though their vocabulary heavily borrows from Ladakhi.
  5. ↑ Ethnologue, 15th Edition , SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org, Minaro is an alternate ethnic name. "Brokpa" is the name given by the Ladakhi for the people. "Brokskat" is the language.
  6. ↑ Ethnologue, 15th Edition , SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org, Brokskat' is the language. This is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.
  7. ↑ Ethnologue : languages of the world. Internet Archive. Dallas, Tex. : SIL International. 2005. ISBN   978-1-55671-159-6. A very divergent variety of Shina{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ↑ Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-135-79711-9. And is not mutually intelligible with the other shina language
  9. ↑ "بروسکت: پاکستان میں ایک نئی زبان دریافت". Independent Urdu (in Urdu). 16 March 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  10. ↑ "The Dard Aryans of Ladakh: who are this tribe, what are their concerns?". 8 February 2019.


Major Indo-Aryan languages.png

This article about Indo-Aryan languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.